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Connolly JB, Mumford JD, Glandorf DCM, Hartley S, Lewis OT, Evans SW, Turner G, Beech C, Sykes N, Coulibaly MB, Romeis J, Teem JL, Tonui W, Lovett B, Mankad A, Mnzava A, Fuchs S, Hackett TD, Landis WG, Marshall JM, Aboagye-Antwi F. Recommendations for environmental risk assessment of gene drive applications for malaria vector control. Malar J 2022; 21:152. [PMID: 35614489 PMCID: PMC9131534 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Building on an exercise that identified potential harms from simulated investigational releases of a population suppression gene drive for malaria vector control, a series of online workshops identified nine recommendations to advance future environmental risk assessment of gene drive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Connolly
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Sunninghill, Ascot, UK.
| | - John D Mumford
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Sunninghill, Ascot, UK
| | | | | | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam Weiss Evans
- Program On Science, Technology & Society, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Geoff Turner
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Sunninghill, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Naima Sykes
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Sunninghill, Ascot, UK
| | - Mamadou B Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John L Teem
- Genetic Biocontrols LLC, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Willy Tonui
- Environmental Health and Safety (EHS Consultancy) Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Lovett
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Aditi Mankad
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO Land & Water, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abraham Mnzava
- African Leaders Malaria Alliance, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Silke Fuchs
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Sunninghill, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Wayne G Landis
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, College of the Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - John M Marshall
- Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Fred Aboagye-Antwi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Hosack GR, Ickowicz A, Hayes KR. Quantifying the risk of vector-borne disease transmission attributable to genetically modified vectors. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201525. [PMID: 33959322 PMCID: PMC8074930 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The relative risk of disease transmission caused by the potential release of transgenic vectors, such as through sterile insect technique or gene drive systems, is assessed with comparison with wild-type vectors. The probabilistic risk framework is demonstrated with an assessment of the relative risk of lymphatic filariasis, malaria and o'nyong'nyong arbovirus transmission by mosquito vectors to human hosts given a released transgenic strain of Anopheles coluzzii carrying a dominant sterile male gene construct. Harm is quantified by a logarithmic loss function that depends on the causal risk ratio, which is a quotient of basic reproduction numbers derived from mathematical models of disease transmission. The basic reproduction numbers are predicted to depend on the number of generations in an insectary colony and the number of backcrosses between the transgenic and wild-type lineages. Analogous causal risk ratios for short-term exposure to a single cohort release are also derived. These causal risk ratios were parametrized by probabilistic elicitations, and updated with experimental data for adult vector mortality. For the wild-type, high numbers of insectary generations were predicted to reduce the number of infectious human cases compared with uncolonized wild-type. Transgenic strains were predicted to produce fewer infectious cases compared with the uncolonized wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R. Hosack
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Data61, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Adrien Ickowicz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Data61, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Keith R. Hayes
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Data61, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Costa VA, Mifsud JCO, Gilligan D, Williamson JE, Holmes EC, Geoghegan JL. Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab034. [PMID: 34017611 PMCID: PMC8121191 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are among the biggest threats to freshwater biodiversity. This is increasingly relevant in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, particularly since the introduction of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). This invasive species now occupies up to ninety per cent of fish biomass, with hugely detrimental impacts on native fauna and flora. To address the ongoing impacts of carp, cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) has been proposed as a potentially effective biological control agent. Crucially, however, it is unknown whether CyHV-3 and other cyprinid herpesviruses already exist in the Murray-Darling. Further, little is known about those viruses that naturally occur in wild freshwater fauna, and the frequency with which these viruses jump species boundaries. To document the evolution and diversity of freshwater fish viromes and better understand the ecological context to the proposed introduction of CyHV-3, we performed a meta-transcriptomic viral survey of invasive and native fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, covering over 2,200 km of the river system. Across a total of thirty-six RNA libraries representing ten species, we failed to detect CyHV-3 nor any closely related viruses. Rather, meta-transcriptomic analysis identified eighteen vertebrate-associated viruses that could be assigned to the Arenaviridae, Astroviridae, Bornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Chuviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, Hepeviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae and Rhabdoviridae families, and a further twenty-seven that were deemed to be associated with non-vertebrate hosts. Notably, we revealed a marked lack of viruses that are shared among invasive and native fish sampled here, suggesting that there is little virus transmission from common carp to native fish species, despite co-existing for over fifty years. Overall, this study provides the first data on the viruses naturally circulating in a major river system and supports the notion that fish harbour a large diversity of viruses with often deep evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo A Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jonathon C O Mifsud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Dean Gilligan
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Batemans Bay Fisheries Office, Batemans Bay 2536, Australia
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jemma L Geoghegan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, Porirua 5022, New Zealand
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Serr ME, Valdez RX, Barnhill-Dilling KS, Godwin J, Kuiken T, Booker M. Scenario analysis on the use of rodenticides and sex-biasing gene drives for the removal of invasive house mice on islands. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Snow AA. Genetically Engineering Wild Mice to Combat Lyme Disease: An Ecological Perspective. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic engineering of wild populations has been proposed for reducing human diseases by altering pathogens’ hosts. For example, CRISPR-based genome editing may be used to create white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) that are resistant to the Lyme disease spirochete vectored by blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). Toward this goal, academic researchers are developing Lyme-resistant and tick-resistant white-footed mice, which are a primary pathogen reservoir for Lyme disease in the United States. If field trials on small, experimental islands are successful, the project would scale up to the larger islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and possibly to the mainland, most likely with a local gene drive to speed the traits’ proliferation, pending approvals from relevant constituents. Despite considerable publicity, this project has yet to be evaluated by independent professional ecologists. In the present article, I discuss key ecological and evolutionary questions that should be considered before such genetically engineered mice are released into natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Snow
- Distinguished professor emerita of arts and sciences, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Stirling A, Hayes KR, Delborne J. Towards inclusive social appraisal: risk, participation and democracy in governance of synthetic biology. BMC Proc 2018; 12:15. [PMID: 30079106 PMCID: PMC6069769 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-018-0111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Frameworks that govern the development and application of novel products, such as the products of synthetic biology, should involve all those who are interested or potentially affected by the products. The governance arrangements for novel products should also provide a democratic mechanism that allows affected parties to express their opinions on the direction that innovation does or does not take. In this paper we examine rationales, obstacles and opportunities for public participation in governance of novel synthetic biology products. Our analysis addresses issues such as uncertainties, the considering of alternative innovations, and broader social and environmental implications. The crucial issues in play go beyond safety alone, to include contending social values around diverse notions of benefit and harm. The paper highlights the need for more inclusive social appraisal mechanisms to inform governance of Synthetic Biology and alternative products, and discusses a few practical methods to help achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stirling
- Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - K. R. Hayes
- Data61, CSIRO, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jason Delborne
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Barrett J, Bamford H, Jackson P. Management of alien fishes in the Murray-Darling Basin. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Genetic control of invasive fish: technological options and its role in integrated pest management. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Dana GV, Cooper AM, Pennington KM, Sharpe LS. Methodologies and special considerations for environmental risk analysis of genetically modified aquatic biocontrol organisms. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gilna B, Kuzma J, Otts SS. Governance of genetic biocontrol technologies for invasive fish. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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