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Zhang X, Wang G, Peng P, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Feng Y, Wang Y, Shi S, Li J. Influences of environment, human activity, and climate on the invasion of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) in Southwest China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14902. [PMID: 36919167 PMCID: PMC10008309 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With economic and social globalization, invasive alien species have significantly threatened local ecological security. Identifying the invasive mechanisms of invasive alien species can aid in preventing species invasions and protecting local ecological and economic security. As a globally invasive plant, Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae) has spread to many parts of the world and had a seriously impacted the ecology and economy of its invaded areas. Using observational data and Landsat OLI images in an arid valley region in southwest China, this study examined how climate, human activity and environmental factors influence the invasion of A. adenophora and its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that the invasion abundance of A. adenophora was significantly affected by environmental factors (the relative importance was 87.2%), but was less influenced by human activity and climate factors (the relative importance was 2% and 10.8%, respectively). The A. adenophora abundance significantly decreased with aspect, community canopy density, shrub layer coverage, herb layer coverage, Simpson diversity index of shrub and herb layers, the shortest distance to residential areas and temperature seasonality, whereas it increased with soil moisture, temperature annual range, precipitation of wettest month and precipitation of driest month. We conclude that biotic competition is the most influential factor in the invasion of this plant in the arid valley regions. Our results are of great significance for invasion prevention and forest conservation and management in southwest China. Our work emphasized that optimizing the community structure, such as by increasing canopy and shrub coverage and species biodiversity, may help control and mitigate the A. adenophora invasion in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peihao Peng
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongxiu Zhou
- College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technolog, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Songlin Shi
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hager HA, Ryan GD, Newman JA. Effects of elevated CO 2 on competition between native and invasive grasses. Oecologia 2020; 192:1099-1110. [PMID: 32253494 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration increases the performance of invasive plants relative to natives when grown in monoculture, but it is unclear how that will affect the relative competitive abilities per se of invasive and native grasses grown together. We tested competitive outcomes for four native and four invasive perennial C3 and C4 grasses under ambient (390 ppm) and elevated (700 or 1000 ppm) CO2 concentrations in the greenhouse with non-limiting water and nutrients. We predicted that elevated CO2 would increase the competitive suppression of native grasses by invasive grasses. To test this, we determined the relative interaction intensity of biomass allocation for natives grown alone vs. those grown in native-invasive species pairs. We also measured photosynthetic traits that contribute to plant invasiveness and may be affected by elevated CO2 concentrations for species pairs in mixture to determine native-invasive relative performance. We found no effect of CO2 for the aboveground biomass and tiller production measures of interaction intensity or for relative performance for most of the measured photosynthetic traits. In competition, the invaders nearly always outperform natives in biomass and tiller production, regardless of CO2 level. The results suggest that increasing CO2 concentration alone has little effect on grass competitive outcomes under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Hager
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Geraldine D Ryan
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Newman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
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Zefferman E, Stevens JT, Charles GK, Dunbar-Irwin M, Emam T, Fick S, Morales LV, Wolf KM, Young DJN, Young TP. Plant communities in harsh sites are less invaded: a summary of observations and proposed explanations. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv056. [PMID: 26002746 PMCID: PMC4497477 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities in abiotically stressful, or 'harsh', habitats have been reported to be less invaded by non-native species than those in more moderate habitats. Here, we synthesize descriptive and experimental evidence for low levels of invasion in habitats characterized by a variety of environmental stressors: low nitrogen; low phosphorus; saline, sodic or alkaline soils; serpentine soils; low soil moisture; shallow/rocky soils; temporary inundation; high shade; high elevation; and high latitude. We then discuss major categories of hypotheses to explain this pattern: the propagule limitation mechanism suggests invasion of harsh sites is limited by relatively low arrival rates of propagules compared with more moderate habitats, while invasion resistance mechanisms suggest that harsh habitats are inherently less invasible due to stressful abiotic conditions and/or increased effects of biotic resistance from resident organisms. Both propagule limitation and invasion resistance may simultaneously contribute to low invadedness of harsh sites, but the management implications of these mechanisms differ. If propagule limitation is more important, managers should focus on reducing the likelihood of propagule introductions. If invasion resistance mechanisms are in play, managers should focus on restoring or maintaining harsh conditions at a site to reduce invasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zefferman
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Present address: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
| | - Jens T Stevens
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA John Muir Institute for the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Grace K Charles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mila Dunbar-Irwin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Taraneh Emam
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephen Fick
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laura V Morales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristina M Wolf
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Derek J N Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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