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Zhang R, Chen D, Liu H, Guo C, Tang L, Wang H, Chen Y, Luo K. Effect of temperature and water potential on the germination of seeds from three different populations of Bidens pilosa as a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:487. [PMID: 36224525 PMCID: PMC9558385 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bidens pilosa L., an annual herb, has recently been shown to be a potential Cd-hyperaccumulating plant. The germination characteristics of B. pilosa have been documented, while the difference among populations remains unclear. Understanding variability in seed germination among populations is crucial for determining which populations to use for soil remediation programs. RESULTS Present study was conducted to compare the requirements of temperature and water potential for germination of B. pilosa cypselae (the central type, hereafter seeds) from three populations using the thermal time, hydrotime, and hydrothermal time models. Seeds of three populations were incubated at seven constant temperatures (8, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and at each of four water potentials (0, -0.3, -0.6, and -0.9 MPa). The results showed that germination percentage and rate of B. pilosa seeds were significantly by population, temperature, water potential and their interaction except for the interaction of population and water potential. Seeds from Danzhou population displayed a higher base temperature (Tb) for germination than those from Guilin and Baoshan population, however the ceiling temperature (Tc) had no consistent level among the populations but varied according to the water potential. In addition, the median base water potential [ψb(50)] for germination of seeds from Danzhou population was higher than that for seeds from Baoshan and Guilin population at low temperatures (< 25 °C), which was opposite at high temperatures (≥ 25 °C). CONCLUSION Seed germination requirements of B. pilosa on temperature and water differed significantly among populations. Differences in seed germination among populations may be complicated, which could not be simply explained by the temperature and rainfall conditions where the seeds were produced as previously reported. The results suggested that programme management should consider variation in seed germination traits when select which population could be applied to what kind of target remediation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Dali Chen
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huizhuan Liu
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Changlin Guo
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li Tang
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kai Luo
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Bishop TBB, Lee Molinari R, St. Clair SB. Post‐fire restoration seeding success increases with early fall seeding and simulated precipitation in the Great Basin Desert of North America. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara B. B. Bishop
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University, 4124 LSB Provo UT 84602 USA
- US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 720 North 500 East Provo UT 84604 USA
| | - Rebecca Lee Molinari
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University, 4124 LSB Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Samuel B. St. Clair
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University, 4124 LSB Provo UT 84602 USA
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Xiao H, Yang H, Monaco T, Song Q, Rong Y. Modeling the influence of temperature and water potential on seed germination of Allium tenuissimum L. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8866. [PMID: 32292650 PMCID: PMC7147430 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium tenuissimum L. is a widely distributed perennial herbaceous species in temperate and desert steppes. Relative to other wild Allium species, it produces unique sweet flavors, more biomass in arid and cold environments, and has generated greater interest for crop production. Successful crop establishment, however, will depend on rapid and uniform seed germination. Our study aimed to characterize seed germination of A. tenuissimum under various temperature regimes (11, 15, 20, 24 and 28 °C) and water potential levels (0, −0.2, −0.4 and −0.6 MPa), and model germination by hydrotime (HT) and hydrothermal time (HTT) analysis. Final germination percentage (FGP) increased within the range of 11 to 20 °C, yet it declined within the range of 24 to 28 °C and generally decreased as water potential became more negative within each temperature setting. Maximum FGP was observed at 20 °C at all water potential settings and ranged from 55.0 ± 5.3 to 94.8 ± 1.4%. According to HT and HTT models, the base (Tb) and optimum temperatures (To) for seed germination were 7.0 and 20.5 °C, respectively. In addition, base water potential for the fraction of germination within the seed lot (Ψb(g)) shifted to 0 MPa as temperature increased from Tb to ceiling temperature (Tc). For obtaining 50 % seed germination, Ψb(50) and Tc(50) were estimated to be −0.67 MPa and 27.2 °C, respectively. These values for Tb and Ψb(50) suggest seed germination of A. tenuissimum is both cold and drought tolerant and suitable for production in semi-arid regions. Our characterization of the ideal sowing conditions for A. tenuissimum, i.e., 20.5 °C and soil water potential less negative than −0.67 MPa offers information to forecast suitable settings to enhance crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Helong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Monaco
- USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America
| | - Qian Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Shi X, Liu H, Zhang D. Life history responses of two ephemeral plant species to increased precipitation and nitrogen in the Gurbantunggut Desert. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6158. [PMID: 30648013 PMCID: PMC6330950 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Precipitation change and nitrogen deposition are not only hot topics of current global change but also the main environmental factors affecting plant growth in desert ecosystems. Thus, we performed an experiment of increased precipitation, nitrogen, and precipitation plus nitrogen on the ephemeral annual species Nepeta micrantha and Eremopyrum distans in the Gurbantunggut Desert. We aimed to determine the life history responses of N. micrantha and E. distans to environment changes, and the germination percentage of the offspring (seeds) was also tested in the laboratory. The results showed that increased nitrogen and precipitation plus nitrogen increased the growth of both plant species, whereas increased precipitation inhibited the growth of N. micrantha but increased the growth of E. distans. This differential response of these two species to precipitation and nitrogen also affected the germination of their offspring. In response to increased nitrogen and precipitation plus nitrogen, the germination percentage of the offspring produced by two species decreased in conjunction with the plants exhibiting high reproduction, which may prevent overcrowding during the following year; however, the N. micrantha plants produced more nondormant offspring in conjunction with low reproduction under relatively greater amounts of precipitation, and N. micrantha offspring could occupy their habitat via rapid germination in suitable environments. Therefore, with increased precipitation and nitrogen deposition, these differences in offspring dormancy may affect their ecological niche in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urümqi, Xinjiang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingwei Zhang
- College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urümqi, Xinjiang, China.,Yili Botanical Garden, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urümqi, Xinjiang, China.,Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, Xinjiang, China
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St Clair SB, O'Connor R, Gill R, McMillan B. Biotic resistance and disturbance: rodent consumers regulate post-fire plant invasions and increase plant community diversity. Ecology 2018; 97:1700-1711. [PMID: 27859155 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biotic resistance and disturbance are fundamental processes influencing plant invasion outcomes; however, the role of consumers in regulating the establishment and spread of plant invaders and how disturbance modifies biotic resistance by consumers is unclear. We document that fire in combination with experimental exclusion of rodent consumers shifted a native desert shrubland to a low-diversity, invasive annual grassland dominated by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). In contrast, burned plots with rodents present suppressed invasion by cheatgrass and developed into a more diverse forb community. Rodents created strong biotic resistance to the establishment of aggressive plant invaders likely through seed and seedling predation, which had cascading effects on plant competition and plant community diversity. Fire mediated its positive effects on plant invaders through native plant removal and by decreasing the abundance and diversity of the rodent community. The experimental disruption of plant and consumer-mediated biotic resistance of plant invaders using fire and rodent exclusion treatments provides strong evidence that native plants and rodents are important regulators of plant invasion dynamics and plant biodiversity in our study system. While rodents conferred strong resistance to invasion in our study system, fluctuations in rodent populations due to disturbance and climatic events may provide windows of opportunity for exotic plant species to escape biotic resistance by rodent consumers and initiate invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B St Clair
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
| | - Rory O'Connor
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
| | - Richard Gill
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
| | - Brock McMillan
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
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Kimball S, Principe Z, Deutschman D, Strahm S, Huxman TE, Lulow M, Balazs K. Resistance and resilience: ten years of monitoring shrub and prairie communities in Orange County,
CA
,
USA. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kimball
- Center for Environmental Biology UC Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Zachary Principe
- The Nature Conservancy 402 W Broadway #1350 San Diego California 92101 USA
| | - Douglas Deutschman
- San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr San Diego California 92182 USA
| | - Spring Strahm
- San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr San Diego California 92182 USA
| | - Travis E. Huxman
- Center for Environmental Biology UC Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Megan Lulow
- UCI NATURE UC Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Kathleen Balazs
- Center for Environmental Biology UC Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
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Gill RA, O'Connor RC, Rhodes A, Bishop TBB, Laughlin DC, St Clair SB. Niche opportunities for invasive annual plants in dryland ecosystems are controlled by disturbance, trophic interactions, and rainfall. Oecologia 2018; 187:755-765. [PMID: 29736861 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Resource availability and biotic interactions control opportunities for the establishment and expansion of invasive species. Studies on biotic resistance to plant invasions have typically focused on competition and occasionally on herbivory, while resource-oriented studies have focused on water or nutrient pulses. Through synthesizing these approaches, we identify conditions that create invasion opportunities. In a nested fully factorial experiment, we examined how chronic alterations in water availability and rodent density influenced the density of invasive species in both the Mojave Desert and the Great Basin Desert after fire. We used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and mediated effects controlling the density of invasives in both deserts. In the first 2 years after our controlled burn in the Great Basin, we observed that fire had a direct effect on increasing the invasive forb Halogeton glomeratus as well as a mediated effect through reducing rodent densities and herbivory. 4 years after the burn, the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum was suppressing Halogeton glomeratus in mammal exclusion plots. There was a clear transition from years where invasives were controlled by disturbance and trophic interactions to years were resource availability and competition controlled invasive density. Similarly, in the Mojave Desert we observed a strong early influence of trophic processes on invasives, with Schismus arabicus benefitted by rodents and Bromus rubens negatively influenced by rodents. In the Mojave Desert, post-fire conditions became less important in controlling the abundance of invasives over time, while Bromus rubens was consistently benefitted by increases in fall rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Gill
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Rory C O'Connor
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.,Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Aaron Rhodes
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Tara B B Bishop
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Environmental Research Institute and School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Samuel B St Clair
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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Pilliod DS, Welty JL, Arkle RS. Refining the cheatgrass-fire cycle in the Great Basin: Precipitation timing and fine fuel composition predict wildfire trends. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8126-8151. [PMID: 29043061 PMCID: PMC5632665 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Larger, more frequent wildfires in arid and semi-arid ecosystems have been associated with invasion by non-native annual grasses, yet a complete understanding of fine fuel development and subsequent wildfire trends is lacking. We investigated the complex relationships among weather, fine fuels, and fire in the Great Basin, USA. We first modeled the annual and time-lagged effects of precipitation and temperature on herbaceous vegetation cover and litter accumulation over a 26-year period in the northern Great Basin. We then modeled how these fine fuels and weather patterns influence subsequent wildfires. We found that cheatgrass cover increased in years with higher precipitation and especially when one of the previous 3 years also was particularly wet. Cover of non-native forbs and native herbs also increased in wet years, but only after several dry years. The area burned by wildfire in a given year was mostly associated with native herb and non-native forb cover, whereas cheatgrass mainly influenced area burned in the form of litter derived from previous years' growth. Consequently, multiyear weather patterns, including precipitation in the previous 1-3 years, was a strong predictor of wildfire in a given year because of the time needed to develop these fine fuel loads. The strong relationship between precipitation and wildfire allowed us to expand our inference to 10,162 wildfires across the entire Great Basin over a 35-year period from 1980 to 2014. Our results suggest that the region's precipitation pattern of consecutive wet years followed by consecutive dry years results in a cycle of fuel accumulation followed by weather conditions that increase the probability of wildfire events in the year when the cycle transitions from wet to dry. These patterns varied regionally but were strong enough to allow us to model annual wildfire risk across the Great Basin based on precipitation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Pilliod
- Snake River Field StationU.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIDUSA
| | - Justin L. Welty
- Snake River Field StationU.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIDUSA
| | - Robert S. Arkle
- Snake River Field StationU.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIDUSA
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Horn KJ, Bishop TBB, St. Clair SB. Precipitation timing and soil heterogeneity regulate the growth and seed production of the invasive grass red brome. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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