1
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Sommer NR, Ferraro KM. An interest‐based rights ethic for wildlife management and applications to behavioral training. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie R. Sommer
- Yale School of the Environment New Haven Connecticut USA
- Yale Law School: Law, Animal and Ethics Program New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Kristy M. Ferraro
- Yale School of the Environment New Haven Connecticut USA
- Yale Law School: Law, Animal and Ethics Program New Haven Connecticut USA
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2
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Russo AG, Harding EF, Yan GJH, Selechnik D, Ducatez S, DeVore JL, Zhou J, Sarma RR, Lee YP, Richardson MF, Shine R, Rollins LA, White PA. Discovery of Novel Viruses Associated With the Invasive Cane Toad ( Rhinella marina) in Its Native and Introduced Ranges. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:733631. [PMID: 34552575 PMCID: PMC8450580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.733631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cane toads (Rhinella marina) are notoriously successful invaders: from 101 individuals brought to Australia in 1935, poisonous toads now cover an area >1.2 million km2 with adverse effects on native fauna. Despite extensive research on the role of macroparasites in cane toad invasion, viral research is lagging. We compared viral prevalence and diversity between toads in their native range (French Guiana, n=25) and two introduced ranges: Australia (n=151) and Hawai'i (n=10) with a metatranscriptomic and metagenomic approach combined with PCR screening. Australian toads almost exclusively harbor one of seven viruses detected globally. Rhimavirus-A (Picornaviridae) exhibited low genetic diversity and likely actively infected 9% of sampled Australian toads extending across ~2,000km of Northern Australia and up to the current invasion front. In native range cane toads, we identified multiple phylogenetically distinct viruses (Iridoviridae, Picornaviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Nackedna-like virus). None of the same viruses was detected in both ranges, suggesting that Australian cane toads have largely escaped the viral infection experienced by their native range counterparts. The novel native range viruses described here are potential biocontrol agents, as Australian toads likely lack prior immunological exposure to these viruses. Overall, our evidence suggests that there may be differences between viruses infecting cane toads in their native vs. introduced ranges, which lays the groundwork for further studies on how these viruses have influenced the toads' invasion history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G Russo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma F Harding
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grace J H Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Selechnik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Ducatez
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayna L DeVore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roshmi R Sarma
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yin Peng Lee
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark F Richardson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A White
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Pettit L, Crowther MS, Ward-Fear G, Shine R. Divergent long-term impacts of lethally toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina) on two species of apex predators (monitor lizards, Varanus spp.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254032. [PMID: 34292946 PMCID: PMC8297793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions can massively disrupt ecosystems, but evolutionary and ecological adjustments may modify the magnitude of that impact through time. Such post-colonisation shifts can change priorities for management. We quantified the abundance of two species of giant monitor lizards, and of the availability of their mammalian prey, across 45 sites distributed across the entire invasion trajectory of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) in Australia. One varanid species (Varanus panoptes from tropical Australia) showed dramatic population collapse with toad invasion, with no sign of recovery at most (but not all) sites that toads had occupied for up to 80 years. In contrast, abundance of the other species (Varanus varius from eastern-coastal Australia) was largely unaffected by toad invasion. That difference might reflect availability of alternative food sources in eastern-coastal areas, perhaps exacerbated by the widespread prior collapse of populations of small mammals across tropical (but not eastern) Australia. According to this hypothesis, the impact of cane toads on apex predators has been exacerbated and prolonged by a scarcity of alternative prey. More generally, multiple anthropogenically-induced changes to natural ecosystems may have synergistic effects, intensifying the impacts beyond that expected from either threat in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Pettit
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathew S. Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgia Ward-Fear
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Pettit L, Somaweera R, Kaiser S, Ward-Fear G, Shine R. The Impact of Invasive Toads (Bufonidae) on Monitor Lizards (Varanidae): An Overview and Prospectus. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1086/714483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Pettit L, Ward‐Fear G, Shine R. A biological invasion impacts ecosystem services: cane toads change the rate of scavenging and the suite of scavengers. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Pettit
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006Australia
| | - Georgia Ward‐Fear
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales2019Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales2019Australia
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6
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Laive A, Schembri B, Jolly CJ. Novel habitat associations and seasonality in threatened Mitchell’s water monitors (
Varanus mitchelli
): Implications for conservation. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alana Laive
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian Museum Sydney NSW2010Australia
| | - Brendan Schembri
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin University Darwin NTAustralia
| | - Chris J. Jolly
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin University Darwin NTAustralia
- Institute of Land, Water and Society School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt University Albury NSW Australia
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7
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Pettit L, Brown GP, Ward‐Fear G, Shine R. Anthropogenically modified habitats favor bigger and bolder lizards. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1586-1597. [PMID: 33613991 PMCID: PMC7882987 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities often create distinctive but discontinuously distributed habitat patches with abundant food but high risk of predation. Such sites can be most effectively utilized by individuals with specific behaviors and morphologies. Thus, a widespread species that contains a diversity of sizes and behavioral types may be pre-adapted to exploiting such hotspots. In eastern Australia, the giant (to >2 m) lizard Varanus varius (lace monitor) utilizes both disturbed (campground) and undisturbed (bushland) habitats. Our surveys of 27 sites show that lizards found in campgrounds tended to be larger and bolder than those in adjacent bushland. This divergence became even more marked after the arrival of a toxic invasive species (the cane toad, Rhinella marina) caused high mortality in larger and bolder lizards. Some of the behavioral divergences between campground and bushland lizards may be secondary consequences of differences in body size, but other habitat-associated divergences in behavior are due to habituation and/or nonrandom mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Pettit
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Gregory P. Brown
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Georgia Ward‐Fear
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
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8
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Invasion of cane toads (Rhinella marina) affects the problem-solving performance of vulnerable predators (monitor lizards, Varanus varius). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-02978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Pettit L, Ward-Fear G, Shine R. Choose your meals carefully if you need to coexist with a toxic invader. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21866. [PMID: 33318615 PMCID: PMC7736869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable native species may survive the impact of a lethally toxic invader by changes in behaviour, physiology and/or morphology. The roles of such mechanisms can be clarified by standardised testing. We recorded behavioural responses of monitor lizards (Varanus panoptes and V. varius) to legs of poisonous cane toads (Rhinella marina) and non-toxic control meals (chicken necks or chicken eggs and sardines) along 1300 and 2500 km transects, encompassing the toad's 85-year invasion trajectory across Australia as well as yet-to-be-invaded sites to the west and south of the currently colonised area. Patterns were identical in the two varanid species. Of monitors that consumed at least one prey type, 96% took control baits whereas toad legs were eaten by 60% of lizards in toad-free sites but 0% from toad-invaded sites. Our survey confirms that the ability to recognise and reject toads as prey enables monitor lizards to coexist with cane toads. As toxic invaders continue to impact ecosystems globally, it is vital to understand the mechanisms that allow some taxa to persist over long time-scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Pettit
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Georgia Ward-Fear
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia
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10
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Szabo B, Noble DWA, Whiting MJ. Learning in non-avian reptiles 40 years on: advances and promising new directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:331-356. [PMID: 33073470 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge in cognition research using non-avian reptile systems. As a diverse group of animals, non-avian reptiles [turtles, the tuatara, crocodylians, and squamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenids)] are good model systems for answering questions related to cognitive ecology, from the role of the environment on the brain, behaviour and learning, to how social and life-history factors correlate with learning ability. Furthermore, given their variable social structure and degree of sociality, studies on reptiles have shown that group living is not a pre-condition for social learning. Past research has demonstrated that non-avian reptiles are capable of more than just instinctive reactions and basic cognition. Despite their ability to provide answers to fundamental questions in cognitive ecology, and a growing literature, there have been no recent systematic syntheses of research in this group. Here, we systematically, and comprehensively review studies on reptile learning. We identify 92 new studies investigating learning in reptiles not included in previous reviews on this topic - affording a unique opportunity to provide a more in-depth synthesis of existing work, its taxonomic distribution, the types of cognitive domains tested and methodologies that have been used. Our review therefore provides a major update on our current state of knowledge and ties the collective evidence together under nine umbrella research areas: (i) habituation of behaviour, (ii) animal training through conditioning, (iii) avoiding aversive stimuli, (iv) spatial learning and memory, (v) learning during foraging, (vi) quality and quantity discrimination, (vii) responding to change, (viii) solving novel problems, and (ix) social learning. Importantly, we identify knowledge gaps and propose themes which offer important future research opportunities including how cognitive ability might influence fitness and survival, testing cognition in ecologically relevant situations, comparing cognition in invasive and non-invasive populations of species, and social learning. To move the field forward, it will be immensely important to build upon the descriptive approach of testing whether a species can learn a task with experimental studies elucidating causal reasons for cognitive variation within and among species. With the appropriate methodology, this young but rapidly growing field of research should advance greatly in the coming years providing significant opportunities for addressing general questions in cognitive ecology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Szabo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, Bern, 3032, Switzerland
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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11
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Doody JS, McGlashan J, Fryer H, Coleman L, James H, Soennichsen K, Rhind D, Clulow S. Plasticity in nest site choice behavior in response to hydric conditions in a reptile. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16048. [PMID: 32994522 PMCID: PMC7524748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural selection is expected to select for and maintain maternal behaviors associated with choosing a nest site that promotes successful hatching of offspring, especially in animals that do not exhibit parental care such as reptiles. In contrast to temperature effects, we know little about how soil moisture contributes to successful hatching and particularly how it shapes nest site choice behavior in nature. The recent revelation of exceptionally deep nesting in lizards under extreme dry conditions underscored the potential for the hydric environment in shaping the evolution of nest site choice. But if deep nesting is an adaptation to dry conditions, is there a plastic component such that mothers would excavate deeper nests in drier years? We tested this hypothesis by excavating communal warrens of a large, deep-nesting monitor lizard (Varanus panoptes), taking advantage of four wet seasons with contrasting rainfall amounts. We found 75 nests during two excavations, including 45 nests after a 4-year period with larger wet season rainfall and 30 nests after a 4-year period with smaller wet season rainfall. Mothers nested significantly deeper in years associated with drier nesting seasons, a finding best explained as a plastic response to soil moisture, because differences in both the mean and variance in soil temperatures between 1 and 4 m deep are negligible. Our data are novel for reptiles in demonstrating plasticity in maternal behavior in response to hydric conditions during the time of nesting. The absence of evidence for other ground-nesting reptile mothers adjusting nest depth in response to a hydric-depth gradient is likely due to the tradeoff between moisture and temperature with changing depth; most ground-nesting reptile eggs are deposited at depths of ~ 2–25 cm—nesting deeper within or outside of that range of depths to achieve higher soil moisture would also generally create cooler conditions for embryos that need adequate heat for successful development. In contrast, extreme deep nesting in V. panoptes allowed us to disentangle temperature and moisture. Broadly, our data suggest that ground-nesting reptiles can assess soil moisture and respond by adjusting the depth of the nest, but may not, due to the cooling effect of nesting deeper. Our results, within the context of previous work, provide a more complete picture of how mothers can promote hatching success through adjustments in nest site choice behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sean Doody
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA. .,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Jessica McGlashan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Harry Fryer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd., Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Lizzy Coleman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Hugh James
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kari Soennichsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd., Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - David Rhind
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Simon Clulow
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd., Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
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12
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Doody JS, Rhind D, Clulow S. Paradoxical population resilience of a keystone predator to a toxic invasive species. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/wr19150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextThe invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) has decimated populations of a keystone predator, the yellow-spotted monitor (Varanus panoptes), causing trophic cascades in Australian animal communities. Paradoxically, some V. panoptes populations coexist with toads. Demonstrating patterns in heterogeneous population-level impacts could reveal mechanisms that mediate individual effects, and provide managers with the ability to predict future impacts and assist in population recovery.
AimsThe aim of the present study was to search for spatial patterns of population resilience of V. panoptes to invasive cane toads.
MethodsPublished literature, unpublished data, reports and anecdotal information from trained herpetologists were used to test the emerging hypothesis that resilient predator populations are mainly coastal, whereas non-resilient populations are mostly inland.
Key resultsPost-toad invasion data from 23 V. panoptes populations supported the idea that toad impacts on V. panoptes were heterogeneous; roughly half the populations could be designated as resilient (n=13) and half as non-resilient (n=10). Resilient populations had longer times since toad invasion than did non-resilient populations (39 versus 9 years respectively), supporting the idea that some recovery can occur. Non-resilient populations were exclusively inland (n=10), whereas resilient populations were split between inland (n=5) and coastal (n=8) populations. Resilient inland populations, however, were mainly confined to areas in which decades had passed since toad invasion.
ConclusionsThe findings suggest that coastal V. panoptes populations fare much better than inland populations when it comes to surviving invading cane toads.
ImplicationsUnambiguous recovery of monitor populations remains undemonstrated and will require long-term population monitoring before and after toad invasion.
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13
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Bessa-Silva A, Vallinoto M, Sampaio I, Flores-Villela OA, Smith EN, Sequeira F. The roles of vicariance and dispersal in the differentiation of two species of the Rhinella marina species complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 145:106723. [PMID: 31891757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high levels of Neotropical biodiversity are commonly associated with the intense Neogene-Quaternary geological events and climate dynamics. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history of two species of Neotropical closely related amphibians (R. horribilis and R. marina). We combine published data with new mitochondrial DNA sequences and multiple nuclear markers, including 12 microsatellites. The phylogenetic analyses showed support for grouping the samples in two main clades; R. horribilis (Central America and Mexico) and R. marina (South America east of the Andes). However, the phylogenetic inferences also show an evident mito-nuclear discordance. We use Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to test the role of different events in the diversification between the two groups recovered. We found that both species were affected primarily by a recent Pleistocene divergence, which was similar to the divergence estimate revealed by the Isolation-with-Migration model, under persistent bidirectional gene flow through time. We provide the first evidence that R. horribilis is differentiated from the South American R. marina at the nuclear level supporting the taxonomic status of R. horribilis, which has been controversial for more than a century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bessa-Silva
- Laboratório de Evolução (LEVO), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Bragança, 68 600-000 Pará, Brazil; CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Evolução (LEVO), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Bragança, 68 600-000 Pará, Brazil; CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Laboratório de Evolução (LEVO), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Bragança, 68 600-000 Pará, Brazil
| | - Oscar A Flores-Villela
- Museo de Zoología, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, External Circuit of Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Eric N Smith
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Sequeira
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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14
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Lethal trap created by adaptive evolutionary response to an exotic resource. Nature 2018; 557:238-241. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Pinch K, Madsen T, Ujvari B. No signs of Na +
/K +
-ATPase adaptations to an invasive exotic toxic prey in native squamate predators. AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Pinch
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Victoria 3218 Australia
| | - Thomas Madsen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Victoria 3218 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Victoria 3218 Australia
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16
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Jolly CJ, Kelly E, Gillespie GR, Phillips B, Webb JK. Out of the frying pan: Reintroduction of toad-smart northern quolls to southern Kakadu National Park. AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Jolly
- School of Biosciences; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Ella Kelly
- School of Biosciences; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Graeme R. Gillespie
- School of Biosciences; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Flora and Fauna Division; Department of Land Resource Management; NT Government; Berrimah Northern Territory Australia
| | - Ben Phillips
- School of Biosciences; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jonathan K. Webb
- School of Life Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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17
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On the fringe of the invasion: the ecology of cane toads in marginally-suitable habitats. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Kelly E, Phillips BL. Get smart: native mammal develops toad-smart behavior in response to a toxic invader. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Selechnik D, Rollins LA, Brown GP, Kelehear C, Shine R. The things they carried: The pathogenic effects of old and new parasites following the intercontinental invasion of the Australian cane toad ( Rhinella marina). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2016; 6:375-385. [PMID: 30951567 PMCID: PMC5715224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Brought to Australia in 1935 to control agricultural pests (from French Guiana, via Martinique, Barbados, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Hawai'i), repeated stepwise translocations of small numbers of founders enabled the cane toad (Rhinella marina) to escape many parasites and pathogens from its native range. However, the infective organisms that survived the journey continue to affect the dynamics of the toad in its new environment. In Australia, the native-range lungworm Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala decreases its host's cardiac capacity, as well as growth and survival, but not rate of dispersal. The lungworm is most prevalent in long-colonised areas within the toads' Australian range, and absent from the invasion front. Several parasites and pathogens of Australian taxa have host-shifted to cane toads in Australia; for example, invasion-front toads are susceptible to spinal arthritis caused by the soil bacterium, Ochrobactrum anthropi. The pentastome Raillietiella frenata has host-shifted to toads and may thereby expand its Australian range due to the continued range expansion of the invasive toads. Spill-over and spill-back of parasites may be detrimental to other host species; however, toads may also reduce parasite loads in native taxa by acting as terminal hosts. We review the impact of the toad's parasites and pathogens on the invasive anuran's biology in Australia, as well as collateral effects of toad-borne parasites and pathogens on other host species in Australia. Both novel and co-evolved pathogens and parasites may have played significant roles in shaping the rapid evolution of immune system responses in cane toads within their invaded range. Invasive cane toads have lost many parasites due to serial translocations. One native lungworm (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) has been retained. Toads have also acquired novel parasites and pathogens from Australian hosts. Toads either amplify parasite numbers or act as a parasite sink. Differences in immune function exist between toad populations within Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Selechnik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - L A Rollins
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences (LES), Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - G P Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - C Kelehear
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Panama
| | - R Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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