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Gao J, Meng P, Zhao Y, Zhang J, He C, Wang Q, Cai J. Light-Emitting Diodes Modify Medicinal Quality of Mown Rabdosia rubescens, with Changes in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Activity, under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3189. [PMID: 37765353 PMCID: PMC10536318 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants accommodated by understory habitats can easily suffer over-exploitation in the heavy harvest of natural products. It is necessary to develop a sustainable cultural protocol to provide high-quality stocks for efficient regeneration. Drought places stress on medicinal plants during their culture by limiting new sprout growth and reducing the quality of medicinal extracts. Artificial mediating approaches should be considered in a sustainable regime of medicinal plant culture to test the potential tradeoff between resistance to drought and production ability. In this study, Rabdosia rubescens seedlings were raised in three light-emitting diode (LED) spectra from red (71.7% red, 14.6% green, 13.7% blue), green (26.2% red, 17.4% green, 56.4% blue), and blue (17.8% red, 33.7% green, 48.5% blue) lights. Mown seedlings were subjected to a simulated drought event. Drought stressed the seedlings by reducing the growth, dry mass, nitrogen (N) uptake, and oridonin content. Mowing increased the oridonin content but decreased total C and N accumulation and the δ13C level. The red light benefitted starch accumulation only under the well-watered condition, and the green light induced an upregulation of δ13C but decreased antioxidant activity. Oridonin content was negatively associated with combined δ13C and catalase activity. Overall, either mowing or blue light can be recommended for the culture of R. rubescens to increase oridonin content, alleviating some of the negative consequences of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (J.G.); (P.M.); (J.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (J.G.); (P.M.); (J.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (J.G.); (P.M.); (J.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Chunxia He
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (J.G.); (P.M.); (J.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- School of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China;
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Rogers J, Humagain K, Pearson A. Mapping the purple menace: spatiotemporal distribution of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) along roadsides in northern New York State. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5270. [PMID: 35347196 PMCID: PMC8960840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) is an invasive, herbaceous plant, frequently found in wetlands, creating monoculture stands, resulting in intensive management strategies in central New York, Ontario, and Quebec. The goal of this study was to identify the extent of infestations and to investigate factors that promote the spread of purple loosestrife. We attempted to answer several questions regarding level of infestation, connection to mowing, and influence of culverts. During flowering season in July and August, 2017–2019, we mapped infestations along 150 km (93 miles) of state highway between the Adirondack Park and the St. Lawrence River using the ESRI Collector app. The results of our preliminary analysis revealed significant increase in the number of plants (P < 0.001). In addition, a linear correlation analysis demonstrated a higher loosestrife density with an increase in plant species richness and a decrease in the distance to the closest infestation and wetland (P < 0.001 each). We found no statistical evidence that mowing promotes the spread of loosestrife. As expected, there were more individual infestations in highway ditches, but larger and denser infestations in wetlands (P = 0.003 in 2019). Culverts enable purple loosestrife to spread underneath highways and should be managed to prevent spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rogers
- Department of Environmental Studies, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, USA.
| | - Kamal Humagain
- Department of Geology, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, USA
| | - Adam Pearson
- Department of Geology, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, USA
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Hansen W, Klinger YP, Otte A, Eckstein RL, Ludewig K. Constraints in the restoration of mountain meadows invaded by the legume
Lupinus polyphyllus. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ) Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26‐32, DE‐35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Yves P. Klinger
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ) Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26‐32, DE‐35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Annette Otte
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ) Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26‐32, DE‐35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Rolf Lutz Eckstein
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences – Biology Karlstad University Universitetsgatan 2, SE‐65188 Karlstad Sweden
| | - Kristin Ludewig
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Applied Plant Ecology, Ohnhorststr. 18 University Hamburg DE‐22609 Hamburg Germany
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Prescriptions for the Control of a Clonal Invasive Species Using Demographic Models. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050689. [PMID: 35270159 PMCID: PMC8912375 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, little research has focused on determination of the population dynamics of invasive species and evaluating their genetic variation. Consequently, not much is known of what drives clonal invasive species and their demography. Here, we describe the population dynamics of Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae), considered invasive to several countries. We quantified the demography of a population in central Mexico using integral projection models (IPM) in a population that reproduced asexually exclusively through plantlets. The effect of clonal recruitment on population growth rate (λ) was evaluated by changing plantlet survival and simulating management scenarios that used previous data of watering and seven experimental herbicide treatments. The finite rate of population increase indicated that this Kalanchoe delagoensis population is growing (above one) and with water availability, growth rates will only accelerate. The IPM showed that plantlet survival and recruitment were the most critical steps in the cycle for the population, and simulations of different management scenarios showed that reducing plantlet survival significantly decreased λ only in two out of the seven herbicides used.
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Risk of Invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Seed Survival in Biomass Treatment Processes. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13060264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasive plant species threaten native species and habitats causing ecologic, economic and social burden. When creating climate friendly solutions by utilizing plant biomasses in biogas and fertilizer production, safety should be ensured concerning the use of residues. This study concentrates on the treatment of biomasses containing invasive plant material by tunnel and windrow composting, and by farm-scale and laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) in mesophilic conditions. Germination of the nationally settled and harmful invasive species Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. was investigated after these processes. In addition, the role of the conditions found in the processes that destroyed seeds were studied, such as the time of exposure, temperature and static pressure. Dormant seeds are well protected against harsh conditions and can survive through various stress factors, but also become vulnerable as more factors are combined and time of exposure is extended. Our results suggest that the risks involved for the utilization of harmful invasive species increase with mesophilic temperatures and single treatments if the processing conditions are not stabile. One-month treatment with windrow composting showed a high risk for dormant seeds of L. polyphyllus seeds to survive, whereby extending the processing time reduced it substantially. Hard coated seeds can thus be broken with a combination of thermophilic temperatures, moisture and static pressure.
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Chavana J, Singh S, Vazquez A, Christoffersen B, Racelis A, Kariyat RR. Local adaptation to continuous mowing makes the noxious weed Solanum elaeagnifolium a superweed candidate by improving fitness and defense traits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6634. [PMID: 33758235 PMCID: PMC7988165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of disturbance in accelerating weed growth is well understood. While most studies have focused on soil mediated disturbance, mowing can also impact weed traits. Using silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), a noxious and invasive weed, through a series of field, laboratory, and greenhouse experiments, we asked whether continuous mowing influences growth and plant defense traits, expressed via different avenues, and whether they cascade into offspring. We found that mowed plants produced significantly less number of fruits, and less number of total seeds per plant, but had higher seed mass, and germinated more and faster. When three herbivores were allowed to feed, tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars, gained more mass on seedlings from unmowed plants, while cow pea aphid (Aphis craccivora), a generalist, established better on mowed seedlings; however, leaf trichome density was higher on unmowed seedlings, suggesting possible negative cross talk in defense traits. Texas potato beetle (Leptinotarsa texana), a co-evolved specialist on S. elaeagnifolium, did not show any differential feeding effects. We also found that specific root length, an indicator of nutrient acquisition, was significantly higher in first generation seedlings from mowed plants. Taken together, we show that mowing is a selective pressure that enhances some fitness and defense traits and can contribute to producing superweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Chavana
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Sukhman Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Alejandro Vazquez
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Bradley Christoffersen
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Alexis Racelis
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Rupesh R Kariyat
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA.
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA.
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