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Esposito A, Denys GPJ, Foata J, Quilichini Y. Unclear host taxonomy hinders parasite studies: An up-to-date checklist of the protozoan and metazoan parasites of Phoxinus minnows (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39126261 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Phoxinus minnows are small freshwater fish found throughout Eurasia. The taxonomy of this genus is still under investigation, and new species are regularly described. They are frequently introduced outside their native range due to their use as live bait for angling, and such fish introductions can have diverse impacts on the recipient areas. Before the rise in interest regarding the diversity of this genus in the past 15 years, studies carried out on their biology and ecology reported their findings for the Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758, which was then considered ubiquitous. A parasites checklist for Phoxinus minnows has yet to be published, and the recent progress on the taxonomy of this genus has enabled us to propose a reassignment of parasite records to their proper host. The most thoroughly studied potential species were the North European species Phoxinus sp. 7 sensu Palandačić et al. 2017, Phoxinus isetensis, and P. phoxinus. We were able to highlight a gap in knowledge for numerous species that have received little-to-no attention in terms of parasitology. Systematic molecular identification of Phoxinus minnows should be conducted when studying their parasites, as a reliable identification of the host is vital in parasitology research. Future research will certainly reveal a species-specific composition of the parasitofauna occurring in Phoxinus, especially among widespread parasites such as Gyrodactylus and Diplostomum. Such specificities could even become tools for assessing the introduction routes of Phoxinus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Esposito
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Sciences Pour l'Environnement (UMR 6134 CNRS Université de Corse Pascal Paoli), Corte, France
| | - Gaël P J Denys
- Unité d'Appui à la Recherche Patrimoine naturel-Centre d'expertise et de données (UMS 2006 OFB-CNRS-MNHN-IRD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire CP 41, Paris, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA 8067-MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA), Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Foata
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Sciences Pour l'Environnement (UMR 6134 CNRS Université de Corse Pascal Paoli), Corte, France
| | - Yann Quilichini
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Sciences Pour l'Environnement (UMR 6134 CNRS Université de Corse Pascal Paoli), Corte, France
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Palandačić A, Diripasko OA, Kirchner S, Stefanov T, Bogutskaya NG. An integrative approach highlights the discrepancy in the genetic, phenotypic, and presumptive taxonomic structure of Phoxinus (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae, Phoxininae) in Bulgaria. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:214-238. [PMID: 38711300 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The present drainage network of Bulgaria is the result of a complex Neogene and Quaternary evolution. Karst, which has developed on 23% of the territory, further complicates the hydrological pattern. Fresh waters of Bulgaria drain into the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea basins and can be roughly divided into the Danube (Middle and Lower Danube), non-Danube Black Sea, East Aegean, and West Aegean hydrological regions. Phoxinus, a small leuciscid fish, has a mosaic distribution in all four of these regions, inhabiting small mountainous and semi-mountainous streams. Based on morphology, it was identified as three species, Phoxinus phoxinus in the Danube, Phoxinus strandjae in the non-Danube, and Phoxinus strymonicus in West Aegean region. Later, molecular data revealed Phoxinus csikii and Phoxinus lumaireul in the Middle Danube and P. csikii in the Lower Danube. Phoxinus has been the focus of many studies, showing a high molecular and morphological diversity, which is not entirely consistent with previous morphology-only-based taxonomic concepts. In this study, molecular (a mitochondrial marker and a nuclear marker) and morphological data from both historical and recently sampled collections were analysed to assess the applicability of the integrative approach in Phoxinus. The results showed a significant influence of the complex paleo- and recent hydrology on the currently observed genetic structure of the considered populations and species. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated a strong influence of phenotypic plasticity on the morphological analysis of Phoxinus and the lack of a clear differentiation between P. csikii and P. strandjae. A barcoded specimen was designated as neotype to fix the species named P. strandjae in the current taxonomic concept. Finally, a significant discordance between genetically delimited clades and phenotypic groups did not allow a proper delineation of the species distributed in Bulgaria, demonstrating that more molecular markers are needed for further taxonomic study of the Phoxinus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Palandačić
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Sandra Kirchner
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nina G Bogutskaya
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- BIOTA j d.o.o., Ponikva, Slovenia
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Almeida D, Alcaraz-Hernández JD, Cruz A, Lantero E, Fletcher DH, García-Berthou E. Seasonal Effects on Health Status and Parasitological Traits of an Invasive Minnow in Iberian Waters. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1502. [PMID: 38791719 PMCID: PMC11117210 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are of special conservation concern in the Iberian Peninsula and other regions with high levels of endemism. Environmental variability, such as the seasonal fluctuations of Mediterranean streams, is a key factor that affects the spread of aquatic species in novel habitats. Fish parasites have a great potential to reflect such changes in the habitat features of freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study consisted of seasonally analysing the health status and parasitological traits of non-native fish in Iberian waters. In particular, a strongly invasive population of Languedoc minnow Phoxinus septimaniae (leuciscid species native to south-east France) was assessed in Tordera Stream (north-eastern Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean conditions). Fish were sampled in April, July, and October 2023 by electrofishing. Health status (external/internal organs) was significantly better in autumn (HAI = 28.8) than spring (HAI = 35.6). Life-cycle complexity was higher in spring (LCI = 1.98), whereas parasite abundance and Shannon diversity were significantly lower in autumn (TA = 19.6 and H' = 2.15, respectively). In October (more 'benign' environmental conditions in Iberian streams), minnows could display elevated foraging activity, with fish increasing their health condition and level of parasite resistance/tolerance. Overall results showed a particular seasonal profile of health and parasite infra-communities that allow this minnow species to thrive under highly fluctuating habitat conditions. This information could help environmental managers to control non-native fish in Mediterranean streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Almeida
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.); (E.L.)
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.D.A.-H.); (E.G.-B.)
| | - Juan Diego Alcaraz-Hernández
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.D.A.-H.); (E.G.-B.)
- TRAGSATEC Group, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Esther Lantero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.); (E.L.)
| | - David H. Fletcher
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Emili García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.D.A.-H.); (E.G.-B.)
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Turan D, Bayçelebi E, Özuluğ M, Gaygusuz Ö, Aksu İ. Phoxinus abanticus, a new species from the Lake Abant drainage in Türkiye (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1157-1167. [PMID: 36942438 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phoxinus abanticus, a new species, is described from the Lake Abant basin. It is distinguished from Phoxinus species in Türkiye and adjacent waters by the presence of fewer lateral line scales (60-69, vs. 75-91 in Phoxinus colchicus, 75-90 in Phoxinus strandjae); a deeper caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth: 1.8-2.3 times in length, vs. 2.4-2.9 in P. colchicus; 2.5-3.2 in P. strandjae); the absence of scales in the breast of males (vs. present); and ventral body reddish in nuptial colouration pattern for male (vs. brackish). The new species, P. abanticus, is also distinguished from its closest relative, P. strandjae, by a minimum of 3.40% genetic distance in the mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Turan
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Esra Bayçelebi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Müfit Özuluğ
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özcan Gaygusuz
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Aksu
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
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Caputo Barucchi V, Marconi M, Splendiani A, Casari S, Girardi M, Gandolfi A. Mitochondrial DNA suggests uniqueness of an isolated population of the Italian minnow ( Phoxinus lumaireul Schinz, 1840) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in central Apennines (Italy). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2079738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Caputo Barucchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M. Marconi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - A. Splendiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - S. Casari
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
| | - M. Girardi
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
| | - A. Gandolfi
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
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Vucić M, Jelić M, Klobučar G, Jelić D, Gan HM, Austin C, Guyonnet D, Giraud I, Becking T, Grandjean F. A new set of microsatellite markers for Phoxinus lumaireul senso lato, Phoxinus marsilii and Phoxinus krkae for population and molecular taxonomic studies. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1225-1234. [PMID: 36054289 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Minnows of the genus Phoxinus are common and an often highly abundant fish species in Palearctic freshwater habitats. Phoxinus species have a complex evolutionary history, phylogenetic relationships are not well understood and there are a number of unresolved taxonomic problems. There are currently 23 different mitochondrial genetic lineages identified in the genus Phoxinus, 13 of which are recognized as valid species. The taxonomic status of these lineages requires resolution, including the degree to which they can interbreed. Suitable nuclear molecular markers for studies of population divergence and interbreeding between morphotypes and mitochondrial lineages are lacking for Phoxinus species. Therefore, the authors developed a set of microsatellite markers using genomic information from Phoxinus lumaireul and tested their suitability for this and two related species, Phoxinus krkae and Phoxinus marsilii. Out of 16 microsatellite candidate loci isolated, 12 were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium when tested on two P. lumaireul senso lato populations. Seven loci amplified across the three species, enabling the study of intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure within P. marsilii and P. krkae. The markers were able to clearly resolve differences among the three tested species, including the recently described P. krkae, and are therefore suitable for the detection of introgression and hybridization among populations consisting of mixtures of two or more of P. lumaireul s. l., P. marsilii and P. krkae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vucić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Natural History Department, Varaždin City Museum, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušan Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Chris Austin
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Guyonnet
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Giraud
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Thomas Becking
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Phylogeography of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae): Complex Genetic Structure, Clues to a New Cryptic Species and Further Insights into Roaches Phylogeny. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061071. [PMID: 35741833 PMCID: PMC9222716 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Italy hosts a large number of endemic freshwater fish species due to complex geological events which promoted genetic differentiation and allopatric speciation. Among them, the South European roach Sarmarutilus rubilio inhabits various freshwater environments in three different ichthyogeographic districts. We investigated the genetic diversity of S. rubilio using two different mitochondrial markers (COI and CR), aiming to define its relationship with other similar taxa from the Balkan area and, from a phylogeographic perspective, test the effects of past hydrogeological dynamics of Italian river basins on its genetic structure and demographic history. Our analysis highlighted a marked genetic divergence between S. rubilio and all other roach species and, among Italian samples, revealed the existence of three deeply divergent geographic haplogroups, named A, B and C. Haplogroup C likely corresponds to a new putative cryptic species and is located at the northern border of the South European roach range; haplogroup B is restricted to Southern Italy; and haplogroup A is widespread across the entire range and in some sites it is in co-occurrence with C or B. Their origin is probably related to the tectonic uplifting of the Apuan Alps in the north and of the Colli Albani Volcano in the south during the Pleistocene, which promoted isolation and vicariance followed by secondary contacts.
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Zangl L, Schäffer S, Daill D, Friedrich T, Gessl W, Mladinić M, Sturmbauer C, Wanzenböck J, Weiss SJ, Koblmüller S. A comprehensive DNA barcode inventory of Austria’s fish species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268694. [PMID: 35679240 PMCID: PMC9182252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Austria is inhabited by more than 80 species of native and non-native freshwater fishes. Despite considerable knowledge about Austrian fish species, the latest Red List of threatened species dates back 15 years and a systematic genetic inventory of Austria’s fish species does not exist. To fulfill this deficit, we employed DNA barcoding to generate an up-to-date and comprehensive genetic reference database for Austrian fish species. In total, 639 newly generated cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences were added to the 377 existing records from the BOLD data base, to compile a near complete reference dataset. Standard sequence similarity analyses resulted in 83 distinct clusters almost perfectly reflecting the expected number of species in Austria. Mean intraspecific distances of 0.22% were significantly lower than distances to closest relatives, resulting in a pronounced barcoding gap and unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) for most of the species. Four cases of BIN sharing were detected, pointing to hybridization and/or recent divergence, whereas in Phoxinus spp., Gobio spp. and Barbatula barbatula intraspecific splits, multiple BINs and consequently cryptic diversity were observed. The overall high identification success and clear genetic separation of most of the species confirms the applicability and accuracy of genetic methods for bio-surveillance. Furthermore, the new DNA barcoding data pinpoints cases of taxonomic uncertainty, which need to be addressed in further detail, to more precisely assort genetic lineages and their local distribution ranges in a new National Red-List.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zangl
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Universalmuseum Joanneum, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Daniel Daill
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering—blattfisch e.U., Wels, Austria
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marija Mladinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Josef Wanzenböck
- Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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Abstract
AbstractSmall fish species such as minnows (Phoxinus sp.) are introduced into mountain lakes by anglers that use them as live bait for fishing salmonids that were previously introduced in these naturally fishless habitats. Introduced fish severely impact native biota but minnows are nevertheless released believing to provide forage for game fish, i.e., salmonids. However, our results indicate that minnows negatively interact with game fish, reducing their relative densities. On some occasions, minnows can remain the only present fish following trout extinction. We believe that this information should be urgently disseminated among anglers as a pragmatic argument to also convince anglers less sensitive to conservation issues that carrying minnows to the mountains is not a good idea whatever the main interest is, e.g., nature conservation or outdoor recreation.
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Molecular analysis reveals multiple native and alien Phoxinus species (Leusciscidae) in the Netherlands and Belgium. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFresh waters are among the most endangered ecosystems, one of the problems being the lack of data on biodiversity. In the center of the missing knowledge are cryptic species, two (or more) species classified as a single one due to their (seemingly) indistinguishable morphology. Lack of research and stabilizing selection are reflected in the cryptic diversity of the genus Phoxinus (Leusciscidae), the studies of which have intensified over the last two decades and reveal undetected taxonomic complexity. Moreover, some of the Phoxinus lineages act as invasive species, while others are endangered by their alien counterparts. Minnows have been intentionally (as food for predatory fish species) or unintentionally (with other fries) stocked causing hybridisation zones in Norway, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Germany and Austria. Given that genetic identity and lineage assignment of Phoxinus from Belgium and the Netherlands have not been researched, the goal of the study was to examine available samples from known localities in the area in order to infer- whether they are native or not. For this purpose, the barcoding region cytochrome oxidase I, another mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, a nuclear recombination activating gene 1 and a combination of these markers from a wider neighboring region were analyzed. The study found four different Phoxinus species/lineages occurring in Belgium and the Netherlands: P. phoxinus, P. csikii, P. septimaniae and genetic lineage 11 (possibly P.cf. morella). While the first seem to be native, the other three were probably introduced.
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