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Anca E, Shanee S, Svensson MS. Ethnoprimatology of the Shipibo of the upper Ucayali River, Perú. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:45. [PMID: 37858223 PMCID: PMC10588192 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In the Anthropocene, primate conservation can only take place when considering human culture, perspectives, and needs. Such approaches are increasingly important under the growing impact of anthropogenic activities and increasing number of threatened primates. The Amazon rainforest, rich in cultural and biological diversity, where indigenous people play a crucial role in primate conservation, provides ample opportunity to study human-primate interactions and the sociocultural context in which they occur. Human activities threaten the Amazon's fragile ecosystems and its primates, which play a key role in its maintenance and regeneration. This study focuses on one of the largest indigenous groups in the Peruvian Amazon: the Shipibo. Interviews and participant observation were used to investigate local perceptions of animal presence and depletion, food preferences, and how primates are incorporated into daily life and culture. Since time immemorial and still today, primates remain important in Shipibo culture, mythology, and subsistence. Local Shipibo participants consistently identified the presence of 13 species of primate. Primates were among the preferred species for consumption, pet keeping, and held a fundamental role in mythology, traditional knowledge, and storytelling. Large-bodied primates were often mentioned as being locally extinct, with reports and observations suggesting increasing consumption of smaller-bodied primates. Commonly perceived reasons for primate depletion include noise disturbance, hunting, and population growth, often in parallel. This study sheds light on the cultural context of an area rich in biodiversity, where primates, essential for ecological balance and integral to Shipibo lives and identity, are being depleted. We highlight the need for an inclusive ethnoprimatological approach to conserving primates and preserving indigenous heritage while improving local livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Anca
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sam Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, Cornwall, UK
- Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, Moyobamba, Perú
| | - Magdalena S Svensson
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Pinho FF, Lemos LP, Montanarin A, El Bizri HR, Santos J, Rabelo RM, Valsecchi J, Ramalho EE, Paglia AP. Modelling the impact of hunting on the coexistence of congeneric deer species in Central Amazonia. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. F. Pinho
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Felinos da Amazônia Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Amazonas Brazil
| | - L. P. Lemos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Amazonas Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus Amazonas Brazil
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - A. Montanarin
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Felinos da Amazônia Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Amazonas Brazil
| | - H. R. El Bizri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Amazonas Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus Amazonas Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna) Iquitos Peru
| | - J. Santos
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Geografia: Organização do Espaço Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Análise Geoespacial Ambiente e Territórios Amazônicos Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé AM Brazil
| | - R. M. Rabelo
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Amazonas Brazil
| | - J. Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Amazonas Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus Amazonas Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna) Iquitos Peru
| | - E. E. Ramalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Felinos da Amazônia Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Amazonas Brazil
- Instituto para Conservação dos Carnívoros Neotropicais ‐ Pró‐Carnívoros Atibaia SP Brazil
| | - A. P. Paglia
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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Physical geography trumps legal protection in driving the perceived sustainability of game hunting in Amazonian local communities. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Structure and inter-specific relationships of a felid community of the upper Amazonian basin under different scenarios of human impact. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lemos LP, Loureiro LF, Morcatty TQ, Fa JE, de Vasconcelos Neto CFA, de Souza Jesus A, da Silva VC, de Oliveira Ramalho ML, de Matos Mendes A, Valsecchi J, El Bizri HR. Social Correlates of and Reasons for Primate Meat Consumption in Central Amazonia. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chaves LS, Alves RRN, Albuquerque UP. Hunters' preferences and perceptions as hunting predictors in a semiarid ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138494. [PMID: 32320877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Game meat is a resource widely exploited by rural populations in various parts of the world. In recent decades, the growth in the number of people living near conserved areas has increased the demand for game meat. In this work, based on the Social-ecological Theory of Maximization, we seek to verify the influence of cost-benefit ratio, availability, and subjective preferences (flavor) in the selection of hunted species. We interviewed game-eating people in seven communities in the Brazilian semiarid region, recording information on hunting strategies, flavor preferences, and relative abundance of game fauna. We found that people hunt for the most available species regardless of the cost-benefit of this choice. Also, flavor preference can increase the odds of a species being hunted almost 100%. Our data show that hunters may prefer species that require less capture effort, even though they have energy-efficient alternatives. We found that flavor preference is proportionally the variable with the most significant effect on the chances of a species being hunted, suggesting that traditional optimal foraging models are too simple to cover the complexity involved in the selection of game species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rômulo R N Alves
- Departamento de Biologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Av. das Baraúnas, 351/Campus Universitário, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB 58109-753, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Carreira DC, Brodie JF, Mendes CP, Ferraz KMPMB, Galetti M. A question of size and fear: competition and predation risk perception among frugivores and predators. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mammalian spatial and temporal activity patterns can vary depending on foraging behavior or the perception of predation or competition risk among species. These behaviors may in turn be altered by human influences such as defaunation. Herein, we evaluate whether frugivores avoid areas with high visitation rates by potential predators or competitors, and whether this avoidance changes in areas with different degrees of defaunation. We installed 189 cameras under fruit trees in six areas of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, that differ in the abundance of top predators and large frugivores. Small predators and small frugivores were more frequent at night while large frugivores were more frequent during the day, but small frugivores visited and spent less time at fruiting trees on brighter nights, unlike large predators and large frugivores. Small frugivores also were less frequent in areas with high visitation by large frugivores and more frequent in highly defaunated areas. Our results suggest that the dynamics among mammalian functional groups varied according to diel patterns, potential competitors, and defaunation. We highlight the importance of understanding how species interactions are changing in areas exposed to strong human impacts to mitigate the indirect effects of defaunation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Cristina Carreira
- Programa Interunidades de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fundação Hermínio Ometto - Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Calebe P Mendes
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Maria P M B Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Petriello MA, Stronza AL. Campesino hunting and conservation in Latin America. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:338-353. [PMID: 31334895 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hunting presents a paradox for biodiversity conservation. It is both a problem and a solution to species declines and poverty. Yet, conservation scientists hold different assumptions about the significance and sustainability of hunting based on the cultures and identities of hunters. In Latin America, conservationists largely sort hunters as either indigenous or campesino. Indigenous hunters are often characterized as culturally driven stewards of wildlife sustainability. Campesino hunters, by contrast, are described as peasants-cultureless, uneducated, and uncaring toward wildlife sustainability. Although such ethnically fueled hunting discourse promotes hunting research, campesino hunters remain underrepresented in most comparative hunting reviews. Moreover, there are no targeted syntheses on the current state of knowledge about campesino hunting, nothing to guide conservation research and practice with and for the largest group of hunters in Latin America. We reviewed 334 articles published from 1937 to 2018 in English (55%) and Spanish (45%)-mostly published in 145 peer-reviewed journals-on the meanings, motivations, and sustainability of campesino hunting in Latin America. Although studies spanned 17 countries, 7 ecosystems, and >75 indigenous and nonindigenous demographics in 30 research contexts, they predominantly focused on nonindigenous campesinos for species-specific conservation and protected area management in tropical broadleaf forests of Mexico, Peru, and Colombia. Authors used 12 methods to collect campesino hunting data, primarily interviews, surveys, and questionnaires, and drew from 10 local and traditional knowledge themes about wildlife trends and uses. Eighteen drivers, 14 constraints, and 10 conflicts-mainly subsistence, income, ethics, regulations, and crop or livestock protection-shaped whether campesino hunters pursued 799 species, 70% of which were least concern species. Yet, only 25 studies (8%) empirically assessed sustainability. Our results show the need for increased interdisciplinary and geographic engagement with campesino hunting across Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Petriello
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
- Applied Biodiversity Science Program, Texas A&M University, Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecological Sciences, Building #1537, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Amanda L Stronza
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
- Applied Biodiversity Science Program, Texas A&M University, Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecological Sciences, Building #1537, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
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Waller BM, Kaminski J, Setchell JM. Primate Society of Great Britain Spring Meeting 2018: Cognition and communication. Evol Anthropol 2018; 27:140-141. [PMID: 30085387 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Kaminski
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Setchell
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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