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Cuomo D, Nitcher M, Barba E, Feinberg AP, Rusyn I, Chiu WA, Threadgill DW. Refining risk estimates for lead in drinking water based on the impact of genetics and diet on blood lead levels using the Collaborative Cross mouse population. Toxicol Sci 2023; 194:226-234. [PMID: 37243727 PMCID: PMC10375319 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood lead (Pb) level (BLL) is a commonly used biomarker to evaluate associations with health effects. However, interventions to reduce the adverse effects of Pb require relating BLL to external exposure. Moreover, risk mitigation actions need to ensure protection of more susceptible individuals with a greater tendency to accumulate Pb. Because little data is available to quantify inter-individual variability in biokinetics of Pb, we investigated the influence of genetics and diet on BLL in the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. Adult female mice from 49 CC strains received either a standard mouse chow or a chow mimicking the American diet while being provided water ad libitum with 1000 ppm Pb for 4 weeks. In both arms of the study, inter-strain variability was observed; however, in American diet-fed animals, the BLL was greater and more variable. Importantly, the degree of variation in BLL among strains on the American diet was greater (2.3) than the default variability estimate (1.6) used in setting the regulatory standards. Genetic analysis identified suggestive diet-associated haplotypes that were associated with variation in BLL, largely contributed by the PWK/PhJ strain. This study quantified the variation in BLL that is due to genetic background, diet, and their interactions, and observed that it may be greater than that assumed for current regulatory standards for Pb in drinking water. Moreover, this work highlights the need of characterizing inter-individual variation in BLL to ensure adequate public health interventions aimed at reducing human health risks from Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cuomo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Megan Nitcher
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Estefania Barba
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew P Feinberg
- Center for Epigenetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Epigenetics, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Epigenetics, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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(Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121311. [PMID: 33371438 PMCID: PMC7767447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) neurotoxicity is a major concern, particularly in children. Developmental exposure to Pb can alter neurodevelopmental trajectory and has permanent neuropathological consequences, including an increased vulnerability to further stressors. Ascorbic acid is among most researched antioxidant nutrients and has a special role in maintaining redox homeostasis in physiological and physio-pathological brain states. Furthermore, because of its capacity to chelate metal ions, ascorbic acid may particularly serve as a potent therapeutic agent in Pb poisoning. The present review first discusses the major consequences of Pb exposure in children and then proceeds to present evidence from human and animal studies for ascorbic acid as an efficient ameliorative supplemental nutrient in Pb poisoning, with a particular focus on developmental Pb neurotoxicity. In doing so, it is hoped that there is a revitalization for further research on understanding the brain functions of this essential, safe, and readily available vitamin in physiological states, as well to justify and establish it as an effective neuroprotective and modulatory factor in the pathologies of the nervous system, including developmental neuropathologies.
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Alcaraz-Contreras Y, Mendoza-Lozano RP, Martínez-Alcaraz ER, Martínez-Alfaro M, Gallegos-Corona MA, Ramírez-Morales MA, Vázquez-Guevara MA. Silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid ameliorate lead-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:398-403. [PMID: 26078282 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115591373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a chelating agent that was administered individually or in combination against lead (Pb) toxicity in rats. Wistar rats (200 ± 20) were randomly divided into five groups. Group A served as a control. Groups B-E were exposed to 2000 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 8 weeks. Group B served as a positive control. Group C received silymarin (100 mg kg(-1) orally) for 8 weeks. Group D received DMSA (75 mg kg(-1) orally) once daily for the last 5 days of treatment. Group E received DMSA and silymarin as groups C and D, respectively. The effect of Pb was evaluated and accordingly the treatments on blood lead levels (BLLs), renal system, and genotoxic effects were calculated using comet assay. The BLLs were significantly increased following the exposition of lead acetate. The administration of silymarin and DMSA provided reduction in BLLs. Silymarin and DMSA provided significant protection on the genotoxic effect of Pb. The toxic effect of Pb on kidneys was also studied. Our data suggest that silymarin and DMSA improve the renal histopathological lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Alcaraz-Contreras
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - R P Mendoza-Lozano
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - E R Martínez-Alcaraz
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - M Martínez-Alfaro
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - M A Ramírez-Morales
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - M A Vázquez-Guevara
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
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Sarkar A, Sengupta D, Mandal S, Sen G, Dutta Chowdhury K, Chandra Sadhukhan G. Treatment with garlic restores membrane thiol content and ameliorates lead induced early death of erythrocytes in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:396-410. [PMID: 23997012 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sequelae of chronic lead (Pb(2+) ) toxicity includes anemia that is partially due to early death of erythrocytes characterized by excess accumulation of ROS and downregulation of antioxidant system causing oxidative stress and externalization of phosphatidylserine. In this study, pathophysiological based therapeutic application of garlic was evaluated against erythrocyte death. Results suggest that garlic administration prevents oxidative stress, restored the antioxidant balance in erythrocytes of Pb(2+) exposed mice. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that activity of both scramblase and aminophospholipid translocase could be changed by modifying the critical sulfhydryl groups in presence of dithiothreitol during Pb(2+) exposure. Data also indicated that garlic treatment in Pb(2+) exposed mice exhibited sharp decline in PS exposure and increase in erythrocyte membrane thiol group followed by increase in aminophospholipid translocase activity and decline in scramblase activity. Findings indicated that garlic has the ability to restore the lifespan of erythrocytes during Pb(2+) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Sarkar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Vidyasagar College, 39 Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, 700006, India
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Mandal S, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury KD, Sarkar A, Basu K, Paul S, Karmakar D, Chatterjee M, Biswas T, Sadhukhan GC, Sen G. S-allyl cysteine in combination with clotrimazole downregulates Fas induced apoptotic events in erythrocytes of mice exposed to lead. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ferreirós-Martínez R, Esteban-Gómez D, Tóth É, de Blas A, Platas-Iglesias C, Rodríguez-Blas T. Macrocyclic Receptor Showing Extremely High Sr(II)/Ca(II) and Pb(II)/Ca(II) Selectivities with Potential Application in Chelation Treatment of Metal Intoxication. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3772-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferreirós-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Andrés de Blas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Teresa Rodríguez-Blas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
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