1
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Mahdizade Ari M, Dadgar L, Elahi Z, Ghanavati R, Taheri B. Genetically Engineered Microorganisms and Their Impact on Human Health. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:6638269. [PMID: 38495751 PMCID: PMC10944348 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6638269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, the decreased effectiveness of conventional therapies, and the side effects have led researchers to seek a safer, more cost-effective, patient-friendly, and effective method that does not develop antibiotic resistance. With progress in synthetic biology and genetic engineering, genetically engineered microorganisms effective in treatment, prophylaxis, drug delivery, and diagnosis have been developed. The present study reviews the types of genetically engineered bacteria and phages, their impacts on diseases, cancer, and metabolic and inflammatory disorders, the biosynthesis of these modified strains, the route of administration, and their effects on the environment. We conclude that genetically engineered microorganisms can be considered promising candidates for adjunctive treatment of diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dadgar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Elahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Shen X, Xie A, Li Z, Jiang C, Wu J, Li M, Yue X. Research Progress for Probiotics Regulating Intestinal Flora to Improve Functional Dyspepsia: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:151. [PMID: 38201179 PMCID: PMC10778471 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood; however, alterations in the small intestinal microbiome have been observed. Current treatments for FD with drugs are limited, and there are certain safety problems. A class of active probiotic bacteria can control gastrointestinal homeostasis, nutritional digestion and absorption, and the energy balance when taken in certain dosages. Probiotics play many roles in maintaining intestinal microecological balance, improving the intestinal barrier function, and regulating the immune response. The presence and composition of intestinal microorganisms play a vital role in the onset and progression of FD and serve as a critical factor for both regulation and potential intervention regarding the management of this condition. Thus, there are potential advantages to alleviating FD by regulating the intestinal flora using probiotics, targeting intestinal microorganisms. This review summarizes the research progress of probiotics regarding improving FD by regulating intestinal flora and provides a reference basis for probiotics to improve FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Aijun Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Zijing Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Chengxi Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiqing Yue
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Animal Product Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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3
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Debnath N, Yadav P, Mehta PK, Gupta P, Kumar D, Kumar A, Gautam V, Yadav AK. Designer probiotics: Opening the new horizon in diagnosis and prevention of human diseases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:100-117. [PMID: 37881101 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms have been used for therapeutic purposes for over a century, and recent advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for developing therapeutic approaches using indigenous probiotic microorganisms. Diseases are often related to metabolic and immunological factors, which play a critical role in their onset. With the help of advanced genetic tools, probiotics can be modified to produce or secrete important therapeutic peptides directly into mucosal sites, increasing their effectiveness. One potential approach to enhancing human health is through the use of designer probiotics, which possess immunogenic characteristics. These genetically engineered probiotics hold promise in providing novel therapeutic options. In addition to their immunogenic properties, designer probiotics can also be equipped with sensors and genetic circuits, enabling them to detect a range of diseases with remarkable precision. Such capabilities may significantly advance disease diagnosis and management. Furthermore, designer probiotics have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications, offering a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to conventional diagnostic techniques. This review offers an overview of the different functional aspects of the designer probiotics and their effectiveness on different diseases and also, we have emphasized their limitations and future implications. A comprehensive understanding of these functional attributes may pave the way for new avenues of prevention and the development of effective therapies for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Praveen K Mehta
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok K Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
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4
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Liu ZS, Chen PW. Featured Prebiotic Agent: The Roles and Mechanisms of Direct and Indirect Prebiotic Activities of Lactoferrin and Its Application in Disease Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:2759. [PMID: 37375663 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein found in mammalian milk, and lactoferricin is a peptide derived from LF hydrolysate. Both LF and lactoferricin (LFcin) have diverse functions that could benefit mammals. Bovine LF (BLF) and BLFcin exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial activities, but most probiotic strains are relatively resistant to their antibacterial effects. BLF and BLF hydrolysate can promote the growth of specific probiotics depending on the culture conditions, the dose of BLF or BLF-related peptides, and the probiotic strains used. BLF supplementation has been shown to modulate several central molecular pathways or genes in Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG under cold conditions, which may explain the prebiotic roles of BLF. LF alone or in combination with selected probiotics can help control bacterial infections or metabolic disorders, both in animal studies and in human clinical trials. Various LF-expressing probiotics, including those expressing BLF, human LF, or porcine LF, have been developed to facilitate the combination of LFs with specific probiotics. Supplementation with LF-expressing probiotics has positive effects in animal studies. Interestingly, inactivated LF-expressing probiotics significantly improved diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a mouse model. This review highlights the accumulated evidence supporting the use of LF in combination with selected LF-resistant probiotics or LF-expressing probiotics in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Liu
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
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Hou K, Wu ZX, Chen XY, Wang JQ, Zhang D, Xiao C, Zhu D, Koya JB, Wei L, Li J, Chen ZS. Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:135. [PMID: 35461318 PMCID: PMC9034083 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of how microbiota links to host health or pathogenesis. We first summarize the research of microbiota in healthy conditions, including the gut-brain axis, colonization resistance and immune modulation. Then, we highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in disease development and progression, primarily associated with dysregulation of community composition, modulation of host immune response, and induction of chronic inflammation. Finally, we introduce the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for disease treatment, such as microbiota modulation and fecal microbial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Microbiome Research Center, Moon (Guangzhou) Biotech Ltd, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Chuanxing Xiao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Jagadish B Koya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Liuya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Jilin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
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Artym J, Zimecki M. Antimicrobial and Prebiotic Activity of Lactoferrin in the Female Reproductive Tract: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121940. [PMID: 34944756 PMCID: PMC8699013 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Women’s intimate health depends on several factors, such as age, diet, coexisting metabolic disorders, hormonal equilibrium, sexual activity, drug intake, contraception, surgery, and personal hygiene. These factors may affect the homeostasis of the internal environment of the genital tract: the vulva, vagina and cervix. This equilibrium is dependent on strict and complex mutual interactions between epithelial cells, immunocompetent cells and microorganisms residing in this environment. The microbiota of the genital tract in healthy women is dominated by several species of symbiotic bacteria of the Lactobacillus genus. The bacteria inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and inflammatory processes by virtue of direct and multidirectional antimicrobial action and, indirectly, by the modulation of immune system activity. For the homeostasis of the genital tract ecosystem, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptides, as well as proteins secreted by mucus cells into the cervicovaginal fluid, have a fundamental significance. Of these, a multifunctional protein known as lactoferrin (LF) is one of the most important since it bridges innate and acquired immunity. Among its numerous properties, particular attention should be paid to prebiotic activity, i.e., exerting a beneficial action on symbiotic microbiota of the gastrointestinal and genital tract. Such activity of LF is associated with the inhibition of bacterial and fungal infections in the genital tract and their consequences, such as endometritis, pelvic inflammation, urinary tract infections, miscarriage, premature delivery, and infection of the fetus and newborns. The aim of this article is to review the results of laboratory as well as clinical trials, confirming the prebiotic action of LF on the microbiota of the lower genital tract.
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Bhuyan AA, Akbar Bhuiyan A, Memon AM, Zhang B, Alam J, He QG. The in vitro antiviral activity of Lacticaseibacillus casei MCJ protein-based metabolites on bovine viral diarrhea virus. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:340-349. [PMID: 34495814 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1967964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a ubiquitous immunosuppressive etiological agent which is economically important for a wide host range in the livestock industry. Lactobacillus spp. has widely been using in the field of management and treatment of gastro-enteric disease for both humans and animals. The ability of Lacticaseibacillus casei MCJ protein-based metabolized to suppress BVDV infection in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cell line was demonstrated in this study. The protein-based metabolites were extracted from the cultured L. casei to obtain the safest and beneficial form of the probiotic bacteria. It is revealed that LPM have no cytotoxic effect and the cell viability remain more than 80% even after the cells are treated with 3000 µg/mL of LPM. The results of the plaque formation assay showed that LPM can reduce the viral infection rate. To know the mechanism of LPM for anti-BVDV activity, MDBK cells were exposed to LPM before, after and co-incubation of virus infection. The co-treatment of LPM with BVDV revealed the best results. The results suggest that the LPM has a potential anti-BVDV activity which could be a prospective candidate for the prevention and control of BVDV infection in an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuman Ara Bhuyan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Akbar Bhuiyan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Atta Muhammad Memon
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jahangir Alam
- National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Qi-Gai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yang XY, Zhong DY, Wang GL, Zhang RG, Zhang YL. Effect of Walnut Meal Peptides on Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:1410. [PMID: 33922242 PMCID: PMC8146006 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural active substance that can effectively improve blood lipid balance in the body, hypolipidemic active peptides have attracted the attention of scholars. In this study, the effect of walnut meal peptides (WMP) on lipid metabolism was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The experimental results show that feeding walnut meal peptides counteracted the high-fat diet-induced increase in body, liver and epididymal fat weight, and reduce the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content. Walnut meal peptides also resulted in increased HDL-cholesterol while reducing the atherosclerosis index (AI). Additionally, the stained pathological sections of the liver showed that the walnut meal peptides reduced hepatic steatosis and damage caused by HFD. Furthermore, walnut meal peptide supplementation was associated with normalization of elevated apolipoprotein (Apo)-B and reduced Apo-A1 induced by the high-fat diet and with favorable changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (LCAT, CYP7A1, HMGR, FAS). The results indicate that walnut meal peptides can effectively prevent the harmful effects of a high-fat diet on body weight, lipid metabolism and liver fat content in rats, and provide, and provide a reference for the further development of walnut meal functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - You-Lin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.Z.); (G.-L.W.); (R.-G.Z.)
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Liu ZS, Lin CF, Lee CP, Hsieh MC, Lu HF, Chen YF, Ku YW, Chen PW. A Single Plasmid of Nisin-Controlled Bovine and Human Lactoferrin Expressing Elevated Antibacterial Activity of Lactoferrin-Resistant Probiotic Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020120. [PMID: 33513782 PMCID: PMC7911973 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein found in mammals, and it shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. To improve the functional properties of specific probiotics in order to provide both the beneficial characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and the biological activity of LF, cDNAs of bovine LF (BLF), human LF (HLF), or porcine LF (PLF) were cloned into a nisin-inducible plasmid. These were then transformed into the selected eight probiotics, which are LF-resistant hosts. Expression of recombinant LFs (rLFs) was analyzed via SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Although the selected host strains may not contain the nisRK genes (NisK, the sensor kinase; NisR, the regulator protein), the components of autoregulation, a low level of LFs expression can be successfully induced by using nisin within bacterial cells in a time-dependent manner in three engineered clones, including Lactobacillus delbrueckii/HLF, L. delbrueckii/BLF, and L. gasseri/BLF. Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus gasseri originate from yogurt and human milk, respectively, and both strains are functional probiotic strains. Therefore, we further compared the antibacterial activities of disrupted recombinant probiotic clones, conventional strains (host control), and vector control ones by using agar diffusion and broth inhibition analysis, and the expression of rLFs in the above three clones considerately improved their antibacterial efficacies against four important food-borne pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonellaenterica. In conclusion, this study provides a simple strategy for the production of functional LFs (BLF and HLF) in both functional and LF-resistant hosts for applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (Z.-S.L.); (M.-C.H.); (H.-F.L.)
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Pei Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (Z.-S.L.); (M.-C.H.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Hung-Fu Lu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (Z.-S.L.); (M.-C.H.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Ying-Fang Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Yu-We Ku
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840368-36
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Kang M, Choe D, Kim K, Cho BK, Cho S. Synthetic Biology Approaches in The Development of Engineered Therapeutic Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228744. [PMID: 33228099 PMCID: PMC7699352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the intimate relationship between microbes and human health has been uncovered, microbes have been in the spotlight as therapeutic targets for several diseases. Microbes contribute to a wide range of diseases, such as gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes and cancer. However, as host-microbiome interactions have not been fully elucidated, treatments such as probiotic administration and fecal transplantations that are used to modulate the microbial community often cause nonspecific results with serious safety concerns. As an alternative, synthetic biology can be used to rewire microbial networks such that the microbes can function as therapeutic agents. Genetic sensors can be transformed to detect biomarkers associated with disease occurrence and progression. Moreover, microbes can be reprogrammed to produce various therapeutic molecules from the host and bacterial proteins, such as cytokines, enzymes and signaling molecules, in response to a disturbed physiological state of the host. These therapeutic treatment systems are composed of several genetic parts, either identified in bacterial endogenous regulation systems or developed through synthetic design. Such genetic components are connected to form complex genetic logic circuits for sophisticated therapy. In this review, we discussed the synthetic biology strategies that can be used to construct engineered therapeutic microbes for improved microbiome-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Donghui Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
- Innovative Biomaterials Research Center, KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Suhyung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
- Innovative Biomaterials Research Center, KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.C.); (S.C.)
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11
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Tan Y, Shen J, Si T, Ho CL, Li Y, Dai L. Engineered Live Biotherapeutics: Progress and Challenges. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000155. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Juntao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Tong Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chun Loong Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yinqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua University IDG‐McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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12
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Kang SJ, Jun JS, Moon JA, Hong KW. Surface display of p75, a Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG derived protein, on Bacillus subtilis spores and its antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. AMB Express 2020; 10:139. [PMID: 32770428 PMCID: PMC7415045 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus p75 protein with peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGH) activity is one of the key molecules exhibiting anti-apoptotic and cell-protective activity for human intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, with the goal of developing new probiotics, the p75 protein was displayed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores using spore coat protein CotG as an anchoring motif. The PGH activity, stability, and the antibacterial activity of the spore-displayed p75 (CotG-p75) protein were also investigated. The PGH activity of the CotG-p75 against peptidoglycan extracted from B. subtilis was confirmed by the ninhydrin test. Under various harsh conditions, compared to the control groups, the PGH activities of CotG-p75 were very stable in the range of pH 3–7 and maintained at 70% at 50 °C. In addition, the antibacterial activity of CotG-p75 against Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated by a time-kill assay. After 6 h incubation in phosphate-buffered saline, CotG-p75 reduced the number of viable cells of L. monocytogenes by up to 2.0 log. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the cell wall of L. monocytogenes was partially damaged by the treatment with CotG-p75. Our preliminary results show that CotG-p75 could be a good candidate for further research to develop new genetically engineered probiotics.
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Inda ME, Broset E, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Emerging Frontiers in Microbiome Engineering. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:952-973. [PMID: 31601521 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a significant impact on health and disease and can actively contribute to obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. We do not yet have the necessary tools to fine-tune the microbial communities that constitute the microbiome, though such tools could unlock extensive benefits to human health. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of technological tools that may be used for microbiome engineering. These tools can enable investigators to define the parameters of a healthy microbiome and to determine how gut bacteria may contribute to the etiology of a variety of diseases. These tools may also allow us to explore the exciting prospect of developing targeted therapies and personalized treatments for microbiome-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Inda
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Esther Broset
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The Impact of Lactoferrin on the Growth of Intestinal Inhabitant Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194707. [PMID: 31547574 PMCID: PMC6801499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding milk glycoprotein that promotes the growth of selected probiotic strains. The effect of Lf on the growth and diversification of intestinal microbiota may have an impact on several issues, including (i) strengthening the permeability of the epithelial cell monolayer, (ii) favoring the microbial antagonism that discourages the colonization and proliferation of enteric pathogens, (iii) enhancing the growth and maturation of cell-monolayer components and gut nerve fibers, and (iv) providing signals to balance the anti- and pro-inflammatory responses resulting in gut homeostasis. Given the beneficial role of probiotics, this contribution aims to review the current properties of bovine and human Lf and their derivatives in in vitro probiotic growth and Lf interplay with microbiota described in the piglet model. By using Lf as a component in pharmacological products, we may enable novel strategies that promote probiotic growth while conferring antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant microorganisms that cause life-threatening diseases, especially in neonates.
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A silkworm based silk gland bioreactor for high-efficiency production of recombinant human lactoferrin with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:61. [PMID: 31312254 PMCID: PMC6612213 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silk glands are used by silkworms to spin silk fibers for making their cocoons. These have recently been regarded as bioreactor hosts for the cost-effective production of other valuable exogenous proteins and have drawn wide attention. Results In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm strain which synthesizes the recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) in the silk gland and spins them into the cocoon by our previously constructed silk gland based bioreactor system. The yield of the rhLF with the highest expression level was estimated to be 12.07 mg/g cocoon shell weight produced by the transgenic silkworm strain 34. Utilizing a simple purification protocol, 9.24 mg of the rhLF with recovery of 76.55% and purity of 95.45% on average could be purified from 1 g of the cocoons. The purified rhLF was detected with a secondary structure similar with the commercially purchased human lactoferrin. Eight types of N-glycans which dominated by the GlcNAc (4) Man (3) (61.15%) and the GlcNAc (3) Man (3) (17.98%) were identified at the three typical N-glycosylation sites of the rhLF. Biological activities assays showed the significant evidence that the purified rhLF could relief the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and exhibit potent antibacterial bioactivities against the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions These results show that the middle silk gland of silkworm can be an efficient bioreactor for the mass production of rhLF and the potential application in anti-inflammation and antibacterial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13036-019-0186-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Development of bacteria as diagnostics and therapeutics by genetic engineering. J Microbiol 2019; 57:637-643. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Targeted and Repetitive Chromosomal Integration Enables High-Level Heterologous Gene Expression in Lactobacillus casei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00033-19. [PMID: 30824448 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00033-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei is a potential cell factory for the production of enzymes and bioactive molecules using episomal plasmids, which suffer from genetic instability. While chromosomal integration strategies can provide genetic stability of recombinant proteins, low expression yields limit their application. To address this problem, we developed a two-step integration strategy in Lb. casei by combination of the LCABL_13040-50-60 recombineering system (comprised of LCABL_1340, LCABL_13050, and LCABL_13060) with the Cre/loxP site-specific recombination system, with an efficiency of ∼3.7 × 103 CFU/µg DNA. A gfp gene was successfully integrated into six selected chromosomal sites, and the relative fluorescence intensities (RFUs) of the resulting integrants varied up to ∼3.7-fold depending on the integrated site, among which the LCABL_07270 site gfp integration showed the highest RFU. However, integrants with gfp gene(s) integrated into the LCABL_07270 site showed various RFUs, ranging from 993 ± 89 to 7,289 ± 564 and corresponding to 1 to 13.68 ± 1.08 copies of gfp gene integration. Moreover, the integrant with 13.68 ± 1.08 copies of the gfp gene had a more stable RFU after 63 generations compared to that of a plasmid-engineered strain. To investigate the feasibility of this system for bioactive molecules with high expression levels, the fimbrial adhesin gene, faeG, from Escherichia coli was tested and successfully integrated into the LCABL_07270 site with 5.51 ± 0.25 copies, and the integrated faeG achieved stable expression. All results demonstrate that this two-step integration system could achieve a high yield of heterologous gene expression by repetitive integration at a targeted chromosomal location in Lb. casei IMPORTANCE Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus casei, have the potential for overexpression of heterologous proteins, such as bioactive molecules and enzymes. However, traditional genetic tools for expression of these proteins show genetic instability or low yields of the desired product. In this study, we provide a procedure for repetitive integration of genes at various chromosomal locations, achieving high-level and stable expression of proteins in Lb. casei without selective pressure. The protocol developed in this study provides an essential reference for chromosomal overexpression of proteins or bioactive molecules in LAB.
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Liao H, Liu S, Wang H, Su H, Liu Z. Enhanced antifungal activity of bovine lactoferrin-producing probiotic Lactobacillus casei in the murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:7. [PMID: 30621597 PMCID: PMC6325727 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginitis caused by Candida species,a frequently recurring condition. Fungal azole-resistant strains with azole-resistance have developed for long and wide explosion to the first-line antifungal azole agent. Bovine lactoferrin (BLF) is a protein from transferrin family secreted by the bovine mammary tissue. Its various biological functions are well known, especially the pronounced antifungal activity. RESULTS In the current study, we constructed a Lactobacillus casei strain (L.casei/pPG612.1-BLF), which secreted BLF encoded by a mature secretion vector plasmid pPG612.1, and evaluated its antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo. In a two-layer agar plate in vitro assay, the number of C. albicans CFUs decreased and the average colony size shrunk upon exposure to L. casei/pPG612.1-BLF. In a murine VVC model, the infection burden of mice intra-vaginally pre-inoculated with L. casei/pPG612.1-BLF was lower than in control groups. Furthermore, the infection burden in mice with VVC was reduced when the animals were continually given L. casei/pPG612.1-BLF as a topical treatment for 5 days. CONCLUSION Combined, these results suggested that the L. casei/pPG612.1-BLF strain is a promising preventative and therapeutic anti-VVC agent, highlighting the possibility of employing the probiotic L. casei as a vehicle for biotherapy in the female genital tract and exploiting the natural antibiotic antimicrobial peptides for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liao
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 17.3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 17.3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 17.3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 17.3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenjun Liu
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 17.3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Ozdemir T, Fedorec AJ, Danino T, Barnes CP. Synthetic Biology and Engineered Live Biotherapeutics: Toward Increasing System Complexity. Cell Syst 2018; 7:5-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Genetically engineered bacteria have the potential to diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases linked to the gastrointestinal tract, or gut. Such engineered microbes will be less expensive and invasive than current diagnostics and more effective and safe than current therapeutics. Recent advances in synthetic biology have dramatically improved the reliability with which bacteria can be engineered with the sensors, genetic circuits, and output (actuator) genes necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic functions. However, to deploy such bacteria in vivo, researchers must identify appropriate gut-adapted strains and consider performance metrics such as sensor detection thresholds, circuit computation speed, growth rate effects, and the evolutionary stability of engineered genetic systems. Other recent reviews have focused on engineering bacteria to target cancer or genetically modifying the endogenous gut microbiota in situ. Here, we develop a standard approach for engineering "smart probiotics," which both diagnose and treat disease, as well as "diagnostic gut bacteria" and "drug factory probiotics," which perform only the former and latter function, respectively. We focus on the use of cutting-edge synthetic biology tools, gut-specific design considerations, and current and future engineering challenges.
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Probiotic Lactobacillus Paracasei Expressing a Nucleic Acid-Hydrolyzing Minibody (3D8 Scfv) Enhances Probiotic Activities in Mice Intestine as Revealed by Metagenomic Analyses. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9060276. [PMID: 29844265 PMCID: PMC6027128 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are well known for their beneficial effects for animals, including humans and livestock. Here, we tested the probiotic activity of Lactobacillus paracasei expressing 3D8 scFv, a nucleic acid-hydrolyzing mini-antibody, in mice intestine. A total of 18 fecal samples derived from three different conditions at two different time points were subjected to high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) metagenomic analyses. Bioinformatic analyses identified an average of 290 operational taxonomic units. After administration of L. paracasei, populations of the probiotics L. paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Pediococcus acidilactici increased, whereas the population of harmful bacteria such as Helicobacter species decreased. Furthermore, continuous administration of L. paracasei resulted in L. paracasei emerging as the dominant probiotic after competition with other existing probiotics. Expression of 3D8 scFv protein specifically increased the population of P. acidilactici, which is another probiotic. In summary, our results showed that L. paracasei expressing 3D8 scFv protein enhanced probiotic activity in mice intestine with no observable side effects. Thus, the system developed in this study may be a good tool for the expression of recombinant protein using probiotics.
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Tung YT, Chen HL, Wu HS, Ho MH, Chong KY, Chen CM. Kefir Peptides Prevent Hyperlipidemia and Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats via Lipid Metabolism Modulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences; Taipei Medical University; Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources; Da-Yeh University; Changhwa 515 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shan Wu
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan 333 Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan 333 Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine and the iEGG Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
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Sola-Oladokun B, Culligan EP, Sleator RD. Engineered Probiotics: Applications and Biological Containment. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:353-370. [PMID: 28125354 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered probiotics represent the next generation of whole cell-mediated biotherapeutics. Advances in synthetic biology, genome engineering, and DNA sequencing and synthesis have enabled scientists to design and develop probiotics with increased stress tolerance and the ability to target specific pathogens and their associated toxins, as well as to mediate targeted delivery of vaccines, drugs, and immunomodulators directly to host cells. Herein, we review the most significant advances in the development of this field. We discuss the critical issue of biological containment and consider the role of synthetic biology in the design and construction of the probiotics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasola Sola-Oladokun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Eamonn P Culligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , , .,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Piñero-Lambea C, Ruano-Gallego D, Fernández LÁ. Engineered bacteria as therapeutic agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 35:94-102. [PMID: 26070111 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although bacteria are generally regarded as the causative agents of infectious diseases, most bacteria inhabiting the human body are non-pathogenic and some of them can be turned, after proper engineering, into 'smart' living therapeutics of defined properties for the treatment of different illnesses. This review focuses on recent developments to engineer bacteria for the treatment of diverse human pathologies, including inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune disorders, cancer, metabolic diseases and obesity, as well as to combat bacterial and viral infections. We discuss significant advances provided by synthetic biology to fully reprogram bacteria as human therapeutics, including novel measures for strict biocontainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Piñero-Lambea
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ruano-Gallego
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Aerosolized bovine lactoferrin reduces lung injury and fibrosis in mice exposed to hyperoxia. Biometals 2014; 27:1057-68. [PMID: 24842100 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of aerosolized bovine lactoferrin (bLF) to protect the lungs from injury induced by chronic hyperoxia. Female CD-1 mice were exposed to hyperoxia (FiO2 = 80 %) for 7 days to induce lung injury and fibrosis. The therapeutic effects of bLF, administered via an aerosol delivery system, on the chronic lung injury induced by this period of hyperoxia were measured by bronchoalveolar lavage, lung histology, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissues. After exposure to hyperoxia for 7 days, the survival of the mice was significantly decreased to 20 %. The protective effects of bLF against hyperoxia were further confirmed by significant reductions in lung edema, total cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), pulmonary fibrosis, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The aerosolized bLF protected the mice from oxygen toxicity and increased the survival fraction to 66.7 % in the hyperoxic model. The results support the use of an aerosol therapy with bLF in intensive care units to reduce oxidative injury in patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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26
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Lai CW, Chen HL, Lin KY, Liu FC, Chong KY, Cheng WTK, Chen CM. FTSJ2, a heat shock-inducible mitochondrial protein, suppresses cell invasion and migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90818. [PMID: 24595062 PMCID: PMC3942483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA large subunit methyltransferase J (RrmJ), an Escherichia coli heat shock protein, is responsible for 2′-O-ribose methylation in 23S rRNA. In mammals, three close homologs of RrmJ have been identified and have been designated as FTSJ1, FTSJ2 and FTSJ3; however, little is known about these genes. In this study, we characterized the mammalian FTSJ2, which was the most related protein to RrmJ in a phylogenetic analysis that had similar amino acid sequence features and tertiary protein structures of RrmJ. FTSJ2 was first identified in this study as a nucleus encoded mitochondrial protein that preserves the heat shock protein character in mammals in which the mRNA expressions was increased in porcine lung tissues and A549 cells after heat shock treatment. In addition, a recent study in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suggested that the FTSJ2 gene is located in a novel oncogenic locus. However, our results demonstrate that the expression of FTSJ2 mRNA was decreased in the more invasive subline (CL1-5) of the lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL1) compared with the less invasive subline (CL1-0), and overexpression of FTSJ2 resulted in the inhibition of cell invasion and migration in the rhabdomyosarcoma cell (TE671). In conclusion, our findings indicate that mammalian FTSJ2 is a mitochondrial ortholog of E. coli RrmJ and conserves the heat shock protein properties. Moreover, FTSJ2 possesses suppressive effects on the invasion and migration of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Yo Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chueh Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Winston T. K. Cheng
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Amalaradjou MAR, Bhunia AK. Bioengineered probiotics, a strategic approach to control enteric infections. Bioengineered 2013; 4:379-87. [PMID: 23327986 PMCID: PMC3937199 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric infections account for high morbidity and mortality and are considered to be the fifth leading cause of death at all ages worldwide. Seventy percent of all enteric infections are foodborne. Thus significant efforts have been directed toward the detection, control and prevention of foodborne diseases. Many antimicrobials including antibiotics have been used for their control and prevention. However, probiotics offer a potential alternative intervention strategy owing to their general health beneficial properties and inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens. Often, antimicrobial probiotic action is non-specific and non-discriminatory or may be ineffective. In such cases, bioengineered probiotics expressing foreign gene products to achieve specific function is highly desirable. In this review we summarize the strategic development of recombinant bioengineered probiotics to control enteric infections, and to examine how scientific advancements in the human microbiome and their immunomodulatory effects help develop such novel and safe bioengineered probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory; Department of Food Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
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Therapeutic Potential of Andrographolide Isolated from the Leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees for Treating Lung Adenocarcinomas. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:305898. [PMID: 23997793 PMCID: PMC3755409 DOI: 10.1155/2013/305898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide is one of the major diterpene lactones found in Andrographis paniculata Nees and exhibits remarkable inhibitory effects on various cancers. In this study, the antipulmonary cancer effects of andrographolide were studied in a lung tumor mouse model induced by human vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (hVEGF-A165). These results demonstrated that andrographolide significantly reduced the expression of hVEGF-A165 compared with a mock group in the Clara cells of the lungs. In addition, andrographolide also decreased tumor formation by reducing VEGF, EGFR, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B expression on the transcriptional and translational levels. These results indicated that andrographolide treatment on the overexpression of VEGF can arrest the cell cycle, which induced pulmonary tumors in transgenic mice. In conclusion, the antiangiogenesis and chemotherapeutic potential of andrographolide may provide a cure for pulmonary tumors in the future.
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Active Component of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Tanshinone I, Attenuates Lung Tumorigenesis via Inhibitions of VEGF, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B Expressions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:319247. [PMID: 23662128 PMCID: PMC3638627 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone I (T1) and tanshinone II (T2) are the major diterpenes isolated from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). Three human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549, CL1-0, and CL1-5, were treated with T1 and T2 for the in vitro antitumor test. Results showed that T1 was more effective than T2 in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells via suppressing the expression of VEGF, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, a transgenic mice model of the human vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 (hVEGF-A165) gene-induced pulmonary tumor was further treated with T1 for the in vivo lung cancer therapy test. T1 significantly attenuated hVEGF-A165 overexpression to normal levels of the transgenic mice (Tg) that were pretreated with human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell-derived conditioned medium (CM). It also suppressed the formation of lung adenocarcinoma tumors (16.7%) compared with two placebo groups (50% for Tg/Placebo and 83.3% for Tg/CM/Placebo; P < 0.01). This antitumor effect is likely to slow the progression of cells through the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Blocking of the tumor-activated cell cycle pathway may be a critical mechanism for the observed antitumorigenic effects of T1 treatment on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Tung YT, Chen HL, Yen CC, Lee PY, Tsai HC, Lin MF, Chen CM. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits lung cancer growth through suppression of both inflammation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:2095-2106. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen JY, Chen HL, Cheng JC, Lin HJ, Tung YT, Lin CF, Chen CM. A Chinese herbal medicine, Gexia-Zhuyu Tang (GZT), prevents dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis through inhibition of hepatic stellate cells proliferation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:811-818. [PMID: 22706148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Gexia-Zhuyu Tang (GZT), also called Gexiazhuyu decoction (GXZYD), is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver fibrosis. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we have investigated the affects of GZT on a rat model of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the protective effects of GZT on DMN-induced liver fibrosis were measured using a rat model. Following 5 weeks of DMN-treatment (8 mg/kg, i.p., given 3 consecutive days each week), oral administration of GZT at 1.8 g/kg daily via oral gavage for 2weeks beginning at week 13. RESULTS Both body and liver weights were significantly decreased. The reductions in body and liver weights corresponded with increasing liver damage severity. Furthermore, GZT-treatment remarkably decreased the levels of serum GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), and the mRNA expression levels of collagen alpha-1(I) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis. In addition, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a major role in various types of liver fibrosis through initial myofibroblast transformation. The proliferation of HSCs was inhibited by GZT. Treatment with GZT also induced HSC apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. GZT treatment induced HSC apoptosis by facilitating Ca(2+) release from the mitochondria within 6h. Subsequently, caspases 3 and 12 were elevated by 72 h after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our studies indicate that GZT exhibited both hepatoprotective and antifibrogenic effects in DMN-induced hepatic injury. These findings suggest that GZT may be useful in preventing the development of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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García-Montoya IA, Cendón TS, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Rascón-Cruz Q. Lactoferrin a multiple bioactive protein: an overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:226-36. [PMID: 21726601 PMCID: PMC7127262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80kDa iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family. It is abundant in milk and in most biological fluids and is a cell-secreted molecule that bridges innate and adaptive immune function in mammals. Its protective effects range from anticancer, anti-inflammatory and immune modulator activities to antimicrobial activities against a large number of microorganisms. This wide range of activities is made possible by mechanisms of action involving not only the capacity of Lf to bind iron but also interactions of Lf with molecular and cellular components of both hosts and pathogens. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the activities of Lf, its regulation and potential applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The extensive uses of Lf in the treatment of various infectious diseases in animals and humans has been the driving force in Lf research however, a lot of work is required to obtain a better understanding of its activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The large potential applications of Lf have led scientists to develop this nutraceutical protein for use in feed, food and pharmaceutical applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Transport and Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isui Abril García-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Amalaradjou MAR, Bhunia AK. Modern approaches in probiotics research to control foodborne pathogens. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 67:185-239. [PMID: 23034117 PMCID: PMC7150249 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394598-3.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illness is a serious public health concern. There are over 200 known microbial, chemical, and physical agents that are known to cause foodborne illness. Efforts are made for improved detection, control and prevention of foodborne pathogen in food, and pathogen associated diseases in the host. Several commonly used approaches to control foodborne pathogens include antibiotics, natural antimicrobials, bacteriophages, bacteriocins, ionizing radiations, and heat. In addition, probiotics offer a potential intervention strategy for the prevention and control of foodborne infections. This review focuses on the use of probiotics and bioengineered probiotics to control foodborne pathogens, their antimicrobial actions, and their delivery strategies. Although probiotics have been demonstrated to be effective in antagonizing foodborne pathogens, challenges exist in the characterization and elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms of action and in the development of potential delivery strategies that could maintain the viability and functionality of the probiotic in the target organ.
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Yen CC, Lai YW, Chen HL, Lai CW, Lin CY, Chen W, Kuan YP, Hsu WH, Chen CM. Aerosolized human extracellular superoxide dismutase prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26870. [PMID: 22046389 PMCID: PMC3202580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An important issue in critical care medicine is the identification of ways to protect the lungs from oxygen toxicity and reduce systemic oxidative stress in conditions requiring mechanical ventilation and high levels of oxygen. One way to prevent oxygen toxicity is to augment antioxidant enzyme activity in the respiratory system. The current study investigated the ability of aerosolized extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) to protect the lungs from hyperoxic injury. Recombinant human EC-SOD (rhEC-SOD) was produced from a synthetic cassette constructed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Female CD-1 mice were exposed in hyperoxia (FiO2>95%) to induce lung injury. The therapeutic effects of EC-SOD and copper-zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD) via an aerosol delivery system for lung injury and systemic oxidative stress at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of hyperoxia were measured by bronchoalveolar lavage, wet/dry ratio, lung histology, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in lung and liver tissues. After exposure to hyperoxia, the wet/dry weight ratio remained stable before day 2 but increased significantly after day 3. The levels of oxidative biomarker 8-oxo-dG in the lung and liver were significantly decreased on day 2 (P<0.01) but the marker in the liver increased abruptly after day 3 of hyperoxia when the mortality increased. Treatment with aerosolized rhEC-SOD increased the survival rate at day 3 under hyperoxia to 95.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (57.1%), albumin treated group (33.3%), and CuZn-SOD treated group (75%). The protective effects of EC-SOD against hyperoxia were further confirmed by reduced lung edema and systemic oxidative stress. Aerosolized EC-SOD protected mice against oxygen toxicity and reduced mortality in a hyperoxic model. The results encourage the use of an aerosol therapy with EC-SOD in intensive care units to reduce oxidative injury in patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Kuan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Bendali F, Madi N, Sadoun D. Beneficial effects of a strain of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei in Staphylococcus aureus-induced intestinal and colonic injury. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15:e787-94. [PMID: 21963346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-staphylococcal activity of a lactic acid bacterial strain and its effect on the intestinal histological damage caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. METHODS Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei was isolated in our laboratory from breastfed newborn feces and identified phenotypically and genotypically. The strain was analyzed by spot-on-lawn and well diffusion assays for the production of bacteriocins against five antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from the feces of hospitalized patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The anti-staphylococcal activity of this strain was evaluated in fermented milk and in vivo using holoxenic rabbits. RESULTS The strain was able to produce a bacteriocin-like substance active against the staphylococcal strains. A reduction of 2 log in S. aureus cell numbers was registered in co-culture with L. paracasei in fermented milk. Administration of skimmed milk containing S. aureus (10(7) cells/ml) to healthy rabbits induced a persistent diarrheal state 5 days after the challenge. Dissection of the rabbits and consequent histological observations showed damage and an atrophy of the intestinal and colonic mucosae of the diarrheal rabbits; in contrast an arrest of the diarrhea concomitant with recovery of the intestinal villi and the colonic crypts was observed in the rabbits treated with L. paracasei-fermented milk. Furthermore, the diarrheal state persisted in spite of a decrease in the level of S. aureus cells in the feces of the rabbits receiving sterile milk; this was in contrast to the rabbits treated with L. paracasei-fermented milk, in which the decrease in the S. aureus fecal number was associated with the arrest of the diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS L. paracasei could act as a potential barrier to prevent S. aureus- associated injury and might exert its effect on the staphylococcal enterotoxins or their target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Bendali
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Nature and Life Sciences Faculty, A. Mira University, Bejaia, Algeria.
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Vijayendra SVN, Gupta RC. Assessment of probiotic and sensory properties of dahi and yoghurt prepared using bulk freeze-dried cultures in buffalo milk. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tung YT, Chen HL, Lai CW, Shen CJ, Lai YW, Chen CM. Curcumin reduces pulmonary tumorigenesis in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-overexpressing transgenic mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1036-43. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lactoferrin: an iron-binding antimicrobial protein against Escherichia coli infection. Biometals 2011; 24:585-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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