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Coimbra S, Rocha S, Sousa NR, Catarino C, Belo L, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Valente MJ, Santos-Silva A. Toxicity Mechanisms of Gadolinium and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4071. [PMID: 38612881 PMCID: PMC11012457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been used for more than 30 years to improve magnetic resonance imaging, a crucial tool for medical diagnosis and treatment monitoring across multiple clinical settings. Studies have shown that exposure to GBCAs is associated with gadolinium release and tissue deposition that may cause short- and long-term toxicity in several organs, including the kidney, the main excretion organ of most GBCAs. Considering the increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease worldwide and that most of the complications following GBCA exposure are associated with renal dysfunction, the mechanisms underlying GBCA toxicity, especially renal toxicity, are particularly important. A better understanding of the gadolinium mechanisms of toxicity may contribute to clarify the safety and/or potential risks associated with the use of GBCAs. In this work, a review of the recent literature concerning gadolinium and GBCA mechanisms of toxicity was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Coimbra
- 1H-TOXRUN—1H-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Rocha
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nícia Reis Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Superior Politécnico de Benguela, Benguela, Angola
| | - Cristina Catarino
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Ali W, Jamshidi-Adegani F, Mirsanei Z, Al-Kindi J, Vakilian S, Al-Broumi M, Al-Hashmi S, Rawson JM, Al-Harrasi A, Anwar MU. Lanthanide complexes facilitate wound healing by promoting fibroblast viability, migration and M2 macrophage polarization. Dalton Trans 2023; 53:65-73. [PMID: 37955357 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02662k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A tridentate ligand LH3 ((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanehydrazide) comprising o-vanillin, hydrazone and oxime donor groups has been employed to prepare a series of tetranuclear Ln(III) complexes. The reaction of ligand LH3 with Ln(NO3)3 [Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er] in MeOH yielded Ln4(LH)6(MeOH)2 (Ln = Sm(1), Eu(2), Gd(3), Tb(4), Ho (6) and Er (7))] whereas the corresponding reaction with Dy(NO3)3 afforded Dy4(LH)4(LH2)2(OH)2 (5). All complexes were characterized by various analytical techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. To investigate the potential of these lanthanide complexes for wound healing applications, their effects on fibroblast viability, migration, and M2 macrophage polarization were evaluated. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed that complexes 2(Eu), 4(Tb), 5(Dy), and 7(Er) significantly enhanced fibroblast viability compared to the negative control (NC). In vitro wound healing assay demonstrated that complexes 2(Eu) and 7(Eu) substantially promoted fibroblast migration compared to the NC. Moreover, complex 2(Eu) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the phagocytic ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells and attenuating nitric oxide (NO) production. In conclusion, among the series of complexes tested, complex 2(Eu) displayed the most potent anti-inflammatory effect on macrophage cells, while simultaneously promoting fibroblast viability and migration. This unique combination of properties renders complex 2 (Eu) highly promising for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi-Adegani
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Zahra Mirsanei
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Juhaina Al-Kindi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Saeid Vakilian
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Broumi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Sulaiman Al-Hashmi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B3P4, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Usman Anwar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
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Xiao L, Pang J, Qin H, Dou L, Yang M, Wang J, Zhou X, Li Y, Duan J, Sun Z. Amorphous silica nanoparticles cause abnormal cytokinesis and multinucleation through dysfunction of the centralspindlin complex and microfilaments. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:34. [PMID: 37608338 PMCID: PMC10464468 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the large-scale production and application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs), its adverse health effects are more worthy of our attention. Our previous research has demonstrated for the first time that aSiNPs induced cytokinesis failure, which resulted in abnormally high incidences of multinucleation in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was firstly to explore whether aSiNPs induced multinucleation in vivo, and secondly to investigate the underlying mechanism of how aSiNPs caused abnormal cytokinesis and multinucleation. METHODS Male ICR mice with intratracheal instillation of aSiNPs were used as an experimental model in vivo. Human hepatic cell line (L-02) was introduced for further mechanism study in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, histopathological results showed that the rate of multinucleation was significantly increased in the liver and lung tissue after aSiNPs treatment. In vitro, immunofluorescence results manifested that aSiNPs directly caused microfilaments aggregation. Following mechanism studies indicated that aSiNPs increased ROS levels. The accumulation of ROS further inhibited the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway, leading to a decrease in the expression of centralspindlin subunits MKLP1 and CYK4 as well as downstream cytokines regulation related proteins Ect2, Cep55, CHMP2A and RhoA. Meanwhile, the particles caused abnormal co-localization of the key mitotic regulatory kinase Aurora B and the centralspindlin complex by inhibiting the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway. PI3K activator IGF increased the phosphorylation level of Aurora B and improved the relative ratio of the centralspindlin cluster. And ROS inhibitors NAC reduced the ratio of multinucleation, alleviated the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway inhibition, and then increased the expression of MKLP1, CYK4 and cytokinesis-related proteins, whilst NAC restored the clustering of the centralspindlin. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that aSiNPs led to multinucleation formation both in vivo and in vitro. ASiNPs exposure caused microfilaments aggregation and inhibited the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway through excessive ROS, which then hindered the centralspindlin cluster as well as restrained the expression of centralspindlin subunits and cytokinesis-related proteins, which ultimately resulted in cytokinesis failure and the formation of multinucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Dou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Medical Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Man Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
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Jacobi A, Ariza de Schellenberger A, Uca YO, Herbig M, Guck J, Sack I. Real-Time Deformability Cytometry Detects Leukocyte Stiffening After Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Exposure. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:837-844. [PMID: 34038063 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports on gadolinium (Gd) retention in soft tissues after administration of Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) raise concerns about Gd-induced changes in the biophysical properties of cells and tissues. Here, we investigate if clinical GBCAs of both classes of linear and macrocyclic structure cause changes in the mechanical properties of leukocytes in human blood samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Real-time deformability cytometry was applied to human blood samples from 6 donors. The samples were treated with 1 mM gadoteric acid (Dotarem), gadopentetic acid (Magnevist), gadobutrol (Gadovist), or Gd trichloride at 37°C for 1 hour to mimic clinical doses of GBCAs and exposure times. Leukocyte subtypes-lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils-were identified based on their size and brightness and analyzed for deformability, which is inversely correlated with cellular stiffness. RESULTS We observed significant stiffening (3%-13%, P < 0.01) of all investigated leukocyte subtypes, which was most pronounced for lymphocytes, followed by neutrophils and monocytes, and the effects were independent of the charge and steric structure of the GBCA applied. In contrast, no changes in cell size and brightness were observed, suggesting that deformability and cell stiffness measured by real-time deformability cytometry are sensitive to changes in the physical phenotypes of leukocytes after GBCA exposure. CONCLUSIONS Real-time deformability cytometry might provide a quantitative blood marker for critical changes in the physical properties of blood cells in patients undergoing GBCA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Ariza de Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Yavuz Oguz Uca
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | | | - Jochen Guck
- From the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
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Bioactive Glasses and Glass/Polymer Composites for Neuroregeneration: Should We Be Hopeful? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) have been identified as highly versatile materials in tissue engineering applications; apart from being used for bone repair for many years, they have recently shown promise for the regeneration of peripheral nerves as well. They can be formulated in different shapes and forms (micro-/nanoparticles, micro-/nanofibers, and tubes), thus potentially meeting the diverse requirements for neuroregeneration. Mechanical and biological improvements in three-dimensional (3D) polymeric scaffolds could be easily provided by adding BGs to their composition. Various types of silicate, borate, and phosphate BGs have been examined for use in neuroregeneration. In general, BGs show good compatibility with the nervous system compartments both in vitro and in vivo. Functionalization and surface modification plus doping with therapeutic ions make BGs even more effective in peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, the combination of BGs with conductive polymers is suggested to improve neural cell functions at injured sites. Taking advantage of BGs combined with novel technologies in tissue engineering, like 3D printing, can open new horizons in reconstructive approaches for the nervous system. Although there are great potential opportunities in BG-based therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration, more research should still be performed to carefully assess the pros and cons of BGs in neuroregeneration strategies.
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Pan X, Li J, He X, Deng J, Dong F, Wang K, Yu S. Gadolinium chloride promotes proliferation of HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells by activating EGFR/PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Biometals 2019; 32:683-693. [PMID: 31286331 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents has been reported to trigger nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in end stage renal disease patients. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, and no effective therapy is available to date. In the present study, we report that gadolinium chloride (Gd3+) concentration- and time-dependently promoted the proliferation of HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells by increasing DNA synthesis. Gd3+ treatment increased the protein levels of phosphorylated Akt and MAPKs. Inhibition of Akt and ERK by pharmacological inhibitors abolished the increased proliferation and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, Gd3+ activated EGFR signaling possibly by enhancing EGFR clustering on the cell membrane. Inhibition of EGFR by gefitinib blocked Gd3+-induced proliferation. Gd3+ exposure also upregulated the mRNA levels of TGFβ-1, TGFβR1, TNFα, TIMP-1 and integrin αV, β1 which could also be attenuated by the inhibition of Akt and ERK signaling. Our study provides new clues for the etiological role of Gd3+ in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and suggests the inhibition of EGFR/Akt/ERK signaling as a potential treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Key Lab of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, Ministry of Education/School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Lab of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, Ministry of Education/School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Liu R, Liu Q, Pan Z, Liu X, Ding J. Cell Type and Nuclear Size Dependence of the Nuclear Deformation of Cells on a Micropillar Array. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7469-7477. [PMID: 30226387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While various cellular responses to materials have been published, little concerns the deformation of cell nuclei. Herein we fabricated a polymeric micropillar array of appropriate dimensions to trigger the significant self-deformation of cell nuclei and examined six cell types, which could be classified into cancerous cells (Hela and HepG2) versus healthy cells (HCvEpC, MC3T3-E1, NIH3T3, and hMSC) or epithelial-like cells (Hela, HepG2, and HCvEpC) versus fibroblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1, NIH3T3, and hMSC). While all of the cell types exhibited severe nuclear deformation on the poly(lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) micropillar array, the difference between the epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells was much more significant than that between the cancerous and healthy cells. We also examined the statistics of nuclear shape indexes of cells with an inevitable dispersity of nuclear sizes. It was found that larger nuclei favored more significant deformation on the micropillar array for each cell type. In the same region of nuclear size, the parts of the epithelial-like cells exhibited more significant nuclear deformation than those of the fibroblast-like cells. Hence, this article reports the nuclear size dependence of the self-deformation of cell nuclei on micropillar arrays for the first time and meanwhile strengthens the cell-type dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Qiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Zhen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
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Zhu DY, Lu B, Yin JH, Ke QF, Xu H, Zhang CQ, Guo YP, Gao YS. Gadolinium-doped bioglass scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSC via the Akt/GSK3β pathway and facilitate bone repair in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1085-1100. [PMID: 30804672 PMCID: PMC6375113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomaterial-induced osteogenesis is mainly related to hierarchically porous structures and bioactive components. Rare earth elements are well known to promote osteogenesis and stimulate bone repair; however, the underlying biological effects of gadolinium (Gd) element on bone regeneration are not yet known. METHODS In this study, we successfully fabricated gadolinium-doped bioglass (Gd-BG) scaffolds by combining hollow mesoporous Gd-BG microspheres with chitosan and evaluated in vitro effects and underlying mechanisms with Cell Counting Kit-8, scanning electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin red staining, and polymerase chain reaction. Cranial defect model of rats was constructed to evaluate their in vivo effects. RESULTS The results indicated that Gd-BG scaffolds could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Mechanistically, the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway was activated by the Gd-BG scaffolds. The enhancing effect of Gd-BG scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was inhibited by the addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt. Moreover, the in vivo cranial defect model of rats indicated that the Gd-BG scaffolds could effectively promote bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that Gd-BG scaffolds have promising applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Bin Lu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Qin-Fei Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - He Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Ya-Ping Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Knockdown of Trnau1ap inhibits the proliferation and migration of NIH3T3, JEG-3 and Bewo cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:521-527. [PMID: 29758194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tRNA selenocysteine 1 associated protein 1 (Trnau1ap, initially named SECp43) is involved in Selenocysteine (Sec) biosynthesis and incorporation into selenoproteins, which play a key role in biological processes, such as embryonic development. We previously reported that downregulation of Trnau1ap inhibited proliferation of cardiomyocyte-like H9c2 cells. However, the effects of Trnau1ap on cell proliferation and migration of embryonic development are not known, and the mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, lentiviral shRNA vectors were transfected in NIH3T3, JEG-3 and Bewo cells (embryonic, trophoblast and placental cells). We found that knockdown of Trnau1ap resulted in reduced expression levels of selenoproteins. The data of Cell Count Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and wound scratch assay revealed the proliferation and migration rates were reduced in the Trnau1ap-shRNA groups. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation level of Akt in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was attenuated. These results indicate that Trnau1ap plays an important role in regulation of cell proliferation and migration through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, as well as being essential for embryonic development by regulating the expression of selenoproteins.
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Biofabrication of in situ Self Assembled 3D Cell Cultures in a Weightlessness Environment Generated using Magnetic Levitation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7239. [PMID: 29740095 PMCID: PMC5940762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic levitation though negative magnetophoresis is a novel technology to simulate weightlessness and has recently found applications in material and biological sciences. Yet little is known about the ability of the magnetic levitation system to facilitate biofabrication of in situ three dimensional (3D) cellular structures. Here, we optimized a magnetic levitation though negative magnetophoresis protocol appropriate for long term levitated cell culture and developed an in situ 3D cellular assembly model with controlled cluster size and cellular pattern under simulated weightlessness. The developed strategy outlines a potential basis for the study of weightlessness on 3D living structures and with the opportunity for real-time imaging that is not possible with current ground-based simulated weightlessness techniques. The low-cost technique presented here may offer a wide range of biomedical applications in several research fields, including mechanobiology, drug discovery and developmental biology.
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Tsai YF, Huang CW, Chiang JH, Tsai FJ, Hsu YM, Lu CC, Hsiao CY, Yang JS. Gadolinium chloride elicits apoptosis in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells through extrinsic signaling, intrinsic pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3421-3426. [PMID: 27748868 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) compounds are important as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, and are potential anticancer agents. However, no report has shown the effect of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) on osteosarcoma in vitro. The present study investigated the apoptotic mechanism of GdCl3 on human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Our results indicated that GdCl3 significantly reduced cell viability of U-2 OS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. GdCl3 led to apoptotic cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation in U-2 OS cells as revealed by morphologic changes and TUNEL staining. Colorimetric assay analyses also showed that activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-4 occurred in GdCl3-treated U-2 OS cells. Pretreatment of cells with pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and specific inhibitors of caspase-3/-8/-9 significantly reduced cell death caused by GdCl3. The increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ level, ROS production and the decrease of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) were observed by flow cytometric analysis in U-2 OS cells after GdCl3 exposure. Western blot analyses demonstrated that the levels of Fas, FasL, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, GADD153 and GRP78 were upregulated in GdCl3-treated U-2 OS cells. In conclusion, death receptor, mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways contribute to GdCl3-induced apoptosis in U-2 OS cells. GdCl3 might have potential to be used in treatment of osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Feng Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi County, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Yang Q, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liang W, Chen X, Ren Z, Wang H, Singhal PC, Ding G. Angiotensin II down-regulates nephrin-Akt signaling and induces podocyte injury: roleof c-Abl. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:197-208. [PMID: 26510503 PMCID: PMC4694757 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ang II plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of proteinuric kidney diseases, but the mechanism is still elusive. It is shown that c-Abl is a molecular chaperone of nephrin signaling and the SHIP2-Akt pathway, and released c-Abl from nephrin is involved in Ang II–induced podocyte injury. Recent studies have shown that nephrin plays a vital role in angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced podocyte injury and thus contributes to the onset of proteinuria and the progression of renal diseases, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. c-Abl is an SH2/SH3 domain–containing nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in cell survival and regulation of the cytoskeleton. Phosphorylated nephrin is able to interact with molecules containing SH2/SH3 domains, suggesting that c-Abl may be a downstream molecule of nephrin signaling. Here we report that Ang II–infused rats developed proteinuria and podocyte damage accompanied by nephrin dephosphorylation and minimal interaction between nephrin and c-Abl. In vitro, Ang II induced podocyte injury and nephrin and Akt dephosphorylation, which occurred in tandem with minimal interaction between nephrin and c-Abl. Moreover, Ang II promoted c-Abl phosphorylation and interaction between c-Abl and SH2 domain–containing 5′-inositol phosphatase 2 (SHIP2). c-Abl small interfering RNA (siRNA) and STI571 (c-Abl inhibitor) provided protection against Ang II–induced podocyte injury, suppressed the Ang II-induced c-Abl–SHIP2 interaction and SHIP2 phosphorylation, and maintained a stable level of nephrin phosphorylation. These results indicate that c-Abl is a molecular chaperone of nephrin signaling and the SHIP2-Akt pathway and that the released c-Abl contributes to Ang II–induced podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yiqiong Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yipeng Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhilong Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Renal Molecular Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Medical School, Great Neck, NY 11021
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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Physico-chimie et profil toxicologique d’agents de contraste pour l’imagerie par résonance magnétique, les chélates de gadolinium. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2015; 73:266-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tejada-Simon MV. Modulation of actin dynamics by Rac1 to target cognitive function. J Neurochem 2015; 133:767-79. [PMID: 25818528 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 is well known for regulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization in cells. Formation of extensions at the surface of the cell is required for migration and even for cell invasion and metastases. Because an elevated level and hyperactivation of this protein has been associated with metastasis in cancer, direct regulators of Rac1 are currently envisioned as a potential strategy to treat certain cancers. Less research, however, has been done regarding the role of this small GTP-binding protein in brain development, where it has an important role in dendritic spine morphogenesis through the regulation of actin. Alteration of dendritic development and spinogenesis has been often associated with mental disorders. Rac1 is associated with and required for learning and the formation of memories in the brain. Rac1 appears to be dysregulated in certain neurodevelopmental disorders that present all these three alterations: mental retardation, atypical synaptic plasticity and aberrant spine morphology. Thus, to develop novel therapies for rescuing cognitive impairment, a reasonable approach might be to target this protein, Rac1, which plays a pivotal role in directing signals that regulate actin dynamics, which in turn might have an effect in spine cytoarchitecture and synaptic function. It is possible that novel drugs that regulate Rac1 activation and function could modulate actin cytoskeleton and spine dynamics, representing potential candidates to repair intellectual disability in disorders associated with spine abnormalities. Herein, we present a list of the current Rac1 inhibitors that might fulfill this role together with a summary of the latest findings concerning their function as they relate to neuronal studies. While the small GTPase Rac1 is well known for regulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different type of cells, it appears to be also required for learning and the formation of memories in the brain. Abnormal regulation of this protein has been associated with cognitive disabilities, atypical synaptic plasticity and abnormal morphology of dendritic spines in certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, modulation of Rac1 activity using novel inhibitors might be a strategy to reestablish cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Tejada-Simon
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Biology of Behavior Institute (BoBI), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Idée JM, Fretellier N, Robic C, Corot C. The role of gadolinium chelates in the mechanism of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: A critical update. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:895-913. [PMID: 25257840 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.955568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Idée
- Guerbet, Research & Innovation Division , Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
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