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Fodor I, Yañez-Guerra LA, Kiss B, Büki G, Pirger Z. Copper-transporting ATPases throughout the animal evolution - From clinics to basal neuron-less animals. Gene 2023; 885:147720. [PMID: 37597707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper-transporting ATPases are a group of heavy metal-transporting proteins and which can be found in all living organisms. In animals, they are generally referred to as ATP7 proteins and are involved in many different physiological processes including the maintaining of copper homeostasis and the supply of copper to cuproenzymes. A single ATP7 gene is present in non-chordate animals while it is divided into ATP7A and ATP7B in chordates. In humans, dysfunction of ATP7 proteins can lead to severe genetic disorders, such as, Menkes disease and Wilson's disease, which are characterized by abnormal copper transport and accumulation, causing significant health complications. Therefore, there is a substantial amount of research on ATP7 genes and ATP7 proteins in humans and mice to understand pathophysiological conditions and find potential therapeutic interventions. Copper-transporting ATPases have also been investigated in some non-mammalian vertebrates, protostomes, single-cellular eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea to gain useful evolutionary insights. However, ATP7 function in many animals has been somewhat neglected, particularly in non-bilaterians. Previous reviews on this topic only broadly summarized the available information on the function and evolution of ATP7 genes and ATP7 proteins and included only the classic vertebrate and invertebrate models. Given this, and the fact that a considerable amount of new information on this topic has been published in recent years, the present study was undertaken to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive summary of ATP7s/ATP7s and give new insights into their evolutionary relationships. Additionally, this work provides a framework for studying these genes and proteins in non-bilaterians. As early branching animals, they are important to understand the evolution of function of these proteins and their important role in copper homeostasis and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Fodor
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | | | - Bence Kiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Büki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
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Herman S, Lipiński P, Starzyński R, Bednarz A, Grzmil P, Lenartowicz M. Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Copper Homeostasis in Mammals. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a trace element necessary for the growth and development of all living organisms, and is the third most abundant trace metal in the body after iron and zinc. Copper is essential for maintaining the life processes in all living cells, because several copper-dependent enzymes
play an important role in key physiological processes like cellular respiration, oxygen radical scavenging, the transport of iron and neurotransmitter synthesis. Maintaining copper homeostasis implies maintaining the constancy of copper levels in the cells and fluids throughout the body, in
order to support the enzymes and other factors that underlie normal life processes. Therefore, living organisms have developed complex mechanisms for maintaining their physiological copper level, because an excess copper level can be toxic for the cells. In the cell, copper homeostasis is
controlled by a network of copper-binding proteins and transporters. Furthermore, copper uptake is mediated by the membrane transporter CTR1 and CTR2 proteins. In the cytoplasm, it is bound to a unique group of metallochaperones (ATOX1, CCS COX17) and transported to different cell compartments,
where it is linked to the recipient proteins. The Cu-transporting ATPases (ATP7A and ATP7B) are responsible for transferring copper into the Golgi apparatus, where the copper is added to the active sites of enzymes, and it is also directed onto the path of excess cellular copper removal to
prevent the occurrence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Jastrzêbiec, Poland
| | - Rafał Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Jastrzêbiec, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bednarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Grzmil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Santini SJ, Tarantino G, Iezzi A, Alisi A, Balsano C. Copper-catalyzed dicarbonyl stress in NAFLD mice: protective effects of Oleuropein treatment on liver damage. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35148806 PMCID: PMC8832663 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or more appropriately, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. An imbalance of copper homeostasis has been described in the progression of NAFLD/MAFLD toward NASH/MASH. We were interested in understanding whether the chelating activity of Oleuropein (Ole) was able to improve the copper accumulation and the related pro-oxidant and glycative damage in the liver of mice fed HFD.
Methods Twelve C57BL/6J mice fed normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and then thirty two female and male mice fed ND or HFD for 8 weeks adding Ole for the following 8 weeks were studied. Results Altered expression of copper-trafficking genes and proteins (CTR1, CTR2, ATP7B, COX17, CCS, and ATOX1) induced imbalance of copper homeostasis combined with an increase in dicarbonyl stress in the liver of HFD fed mice. Interestingly enough, glyoxalase system was improved by Ole administration and the Ole related protective effects differ in the two sexes of mice. Conclusions Our study highlights the role of the dicarbonyl stress in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and suggests Ole as a natural copper chelator to prevent the liver damage induced by methyglyoxal pathway derangement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00641-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Junior Santini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences MESVA, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy.,Francesco Balsano Foundation, Via Giovanni Battista Martini 6, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Iezzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences MESVA, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Clara Balsano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences MESVA, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. .,Francesco Balsano Foundation, Via Giovanni Battista Martini 6, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Michalke B, Tinkov AA, Serebryansky EP, Karganov MY, Medvedeva YS, Skalny AV. Alteration of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) tissue levels and speciation in rats with desferioxamine-induced iron deficiency. Biometals 2021; 34:923-936. [PMID: 34003408 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of iron deficiency and iron replenishment on serum iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) speciation and tissue accumulation in a deferrioxamine-induced model of iron deficiency. A total of 26 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control; Fe-deficient; Fe-replenished (with iron (II) gluconate). Serum ferritin and transferrin levels were assessed using immunoturbudimetric method. Liver, spleen, and serum metal levels were assessed using ICP-MS. Speciation analysis was performed using a hyphenated HPLC-ICP-MS technique. Desferrioxamine injections resulted in a significant decrease in tissue iron content that was reversed by Fe supplementation. Iron speciation revealed a significant increase in serum transferrin-bound iron and reduced ferritin-bound Fe levels. Serum but not tissue Cu levels were characterized by a significant decrease in hypoferremic rats, whereas ceruloplasmin-bound fraction tended to increase. At the same time, Zn levels were found to be higher in liver, spleen, and serum of Fe-deficient rats with a predominant increase in low molecular weight fraction.Both iron-deficient and iron-replenished rats were characteirzed by increased transferrin-bound Mn levels and reduced low-molecular weight fraction. Hypothetically, these differences may be associated with impaired Fe metabolism under Fe-deficient conditions predisposing to impairment of essential metal handling. However, further studies aimed at assessment of the impact on Fe deficiency on metal metabolism are highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Micronutrients Ltd, Moscow, Russia. .,Odintsovo Distr., All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow reg, Russia. .,Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | | | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.,IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia.,Orenburg State University, Moscow, Russia.,K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Yulia S Medvedeva
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.,IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia.,Orenburg State University, Moscow, Russia.,K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
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Herman S, Lipiński P, Ogórek M, Starzyński R, Grzmil P, Bednarz A, Lenartowicz M. Molecular Regulation of Copper Homeostasis in the Male Gonad during the Process of Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239053. [PMID: 33260507 PMCID: PMC7730223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its redox properties, copper is a cofactor of enzymes that catalyze reactions in fundamental metabolic processes. However, copper-oxygen interaction, which is a source of toxic oxygen radicals generated by the Fenton reaction, makes copper a doubled-edged-sword in an oxygen environment. Among the microelements influencing male fertility, copper plays a special role because both copper deficiency and overload in the gonads worsen spermatozoa quality and disturb reproductive function in mammals. Male gametes are produced during spermatogenesis, a multi-step process that consumes large amounts of oxygen. Germ cells containing a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes are particularly vulnerable to excess copper-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, an appropriate copper level is necessary to initiate meiosis in premeiotic germ cells. The balance between essential and toxic copper concentrations in germ cells at different stages of spermatogenesis and in Sertoli cells that support their development is handled by a network of copper importers, chaperones, recipient proteins, and exporters. Here, we describe coordinated regulation/functioning of copper-binding proteins expressed in germ and Sertoli cells with special emphasis on copper transporters, copper transporting ATPases, and SOD1, a copper-dependent antioxidant enzyme. These and other proteins assure copper bioavailability in germ cells and protection against copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Herman
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Mateusz Ogórek
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Rafał Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Paweł Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Ogórek M, Herman S, Pierzchała O, Bednarz A, Rajfur Z, Baster Z, Grzmil P, Starzyński RR, Szudzik M, Jończy A, Lipiński P, Lenartowicz M. Molecular machinery providing copper bioavailability for spermatozoa along the epididymial tubule in mouse. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1505-1520. [PMID: 30997485 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive functional maturation of spermatozoa is completed during the transit of these cells through the epididymis, a tubule structure connecting a testicle to a vas deferens. Epididymal epithelial cells by means of their secretory and absorptive functions determine a highly specialized luminal microenvironment containing multiple organic and inorganic components. The latter include copper ions, which due to their redox properties are indispensable for critical homeostatic processes occurring in spermatozoa floating in different part of epididymis but can be potentially toxic. Main purpose of our study was to determine epididymal region-dependent expression and localization of copper transporters ensuring a tight control of copper concentration in epididymal fluid. We also aimed at identifying proteins responsible for copper uptake by spermatozoa and verifying whether this process is coordinated with copper supply to superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a copper-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Our study identifies two ATPases-ATP7A, ATP7B and Slc31a1, major copper importers/exporters depending on their differential expression on epididymal polarized epithelial cells of the caput, corpus, and cauda. Next, ceruloplasmin seems to be a chief protein transporting copper in the epididymal fluid and providing this biometal to spermatozoa. The entry of copper to germ cells is mediated by Slc31a1 and is correlated with both expressions of copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), copper chaperone directly providing copper ions to SOD1 and with the expression and activity of the latter. Our results outline a network of cooperating copper binding proteins expressed in epididymal epithelium and in spermatozoa that orchestrate bioavailability of this microelement for gametes and protect them against copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogórek
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Herman
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - O Pierzchała
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Z Rajfur
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Z Baster
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - R R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - M Szudzik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - A Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - P Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - M Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Tanaka YK, Ogra Y. Evaluation of copper metabolism in neonatal rats by speciation analysis using liquid chromatography hyphenated to ICP mass spectrometry. Metallomics 2020; 11:1679-1686. [PMID: 31417989 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that copper (Cu) is highly accumulated in several organs in the perinatal period, suggesting changes in Cu metabolism with development, although the precise mechanisms are still unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying Cu accumulation in the organs of neonatal rats, we performed speciation analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In the neonatal rat liver immediately after birth, the Cu concentration was elevated 10-fold compared to that in the juvenile rat liver. Most of the accumulated Cu was bound to metallothionein, although Cu in Cu, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was reduced. Contrary to the hepatic Cu accumulation, the serum Cu concentrations in the neonatal rats were low due to the decreased amount of Cu bound to ceruloplasmin. The mRNA expression of antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1), a Cu chaperone that transports Cu to Atp7b, remained low up to two weeks after birth. These results suggest that Cu accumulation in the neonatal rat liver is caused by the low expression of Atox1, and the accumulation is useful to distribute Cu to Cu-containing anti-oxidative enzymes (e.g., SOD and Atox1) after respiration starts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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8
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Jończy A, Lipiński P, Ogórek M, Starzyński RR, Krzysztofik D, Bednarz A, Krzeptowski W, Szudzik M, Haberkiewicz O, Miłoń A, Grzmil P, Lenartowicz M. Functional iron deficiency in toxic milk mutant mice (tx-J) despite high hepatic ferroportin: a critical role of decreased GPI-ceruloplasmin expression in liver macrophages. Metallomics 2020; 11:1079-1092. [PMID: 31011744 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00035f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Jackson toxic milk mutant mice (tx-J) carrying a missense mutation in the Atp7b gene are animal models of the Wilson disease. In both the Wilson patients and the tx-J mice, mutations in the ATP7B/Atp7b gene lead to disturbances in copper metabolism. The dysfunction of ATP7B/Atp7b leads to a reduction in the incorporation of copper into apoceruloplasmin; this decreases the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin necessary for the efflux of iron from cells and reduces the release of copper from hepatocytes to the bile; this results in a massive hepatic copper accumulation. A decrease in the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin in the tx-J mice emphasises the practicality of this animal model for the exploration of disturbances in iron balance triggered by dysregulation of copper metabolism. We found that 6-month-old tx-J mutants developed mild anaemia caused by functional iron deficiency. The tx-J mutants showed decreased plasma iron levels with concomitant iron accumulation in hepatocytes and liver macrophages. Hepatic iron retention was accompanied by decreased expression of the membrane form of ceruloplasmin in both liver cell types. Interestingly, in the liver of mutants, we found high levels of ferroportin (an iron exporter) on the surface of liver macrophages despite increased hepatic expression of hepcidin, a peptide inducing internalization and degradation of ferroportin. We conclude that even when the ferroportin expression is high, ceruloplasmin remains a limiting factor in the release of iron to the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences Wólka Kosowska, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Jastrzebiec, Poland.
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Iron deficiency during pregnancy and lactation modifies the fatty acid composition of the brain of neonatal rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:264-272. [PMID: 31543090 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is common in pregnant and lactating women and is associated with reduced cognitive development of the offspring. Since iron affects lipid metabolism, the availability of fatty acids, particularly the polyunsaturated fatty acids required for early neural development, was investigated in the offspring of female rats fed iron-deficient diets during gestation and lactation. Subsequent to the dams giving birth, one group of iron-deficient dams was recuperated by feeding an iron-replete diet. Dams and neonates were killed on postnatal days 1, 3 and 10, and the fatty acid composition of brain and stomach contents was assessed by gas chromatography. Changes in the fatty acid profile on day 3 became more pronounced on day 10 with a decrease in the proportion of saturated fatty acids and a compensatory increase in monounsaturated fatty acids. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the n-6 family were reduced, but there was no change in the n-3 family. The fatty acid profiles of neonatal brain and stomach contents were similar, suggesting that the change in milk composition may be related to the changes in the neonatal brain. When the dams were fed an iron-sufficient diet at birth, the effects of iron deficiency on the fatty acid composition of lipids in both dam's milk and neonates' brains were reduced. This study showed an interaction between maternal iron status and fatty acid composition of the offspring's brain and suggests that these effects can be reduced by iron repletion of the dam's diet at birth.
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Sureshchandra S, Marshall NE, Messaoudi I. Impact of pregravid obesity on maternal and fetal immunity: Fertile grounds for reprogramming. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1035-1050. [PMID: 31483523 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0619-181r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pregravid obesity results in several adverse health outcomes during pregnancy, including increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and complications at delivery. Additionally, pregravid obesity and in utero exposure to high fat diet have been shown to have detrimental effects on fetal programming, predisposing the offspring to adverse cardiometabolic, endocrine, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. More recently, a deeper appreciation for the modulation of offspring immunity and infectious disease-related outcomes by maternal pregravid obesity has emerged. This review will describe currently available animal models for studying the impact of maternal pregravid obesity on fetal immunity and review the data from clinical and animal model studies. We also examine the burden of pregravid obesity on the maternal-fetal interface and the link between placental and systemic inflammation. Finally, we discuss future studies needed to identify key mechanistic underpinnings that link maternal inflammatory changes and fetal cellular reprogramming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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11
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The effect of maternal iron deficiency on zinc and copper levels and on genes of zinc and copper metabolism during pregnancy in the rat. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:121-129. [PMID: 30482256 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fe deficiency is relatively common in pregnancy and has both short- and long-term consequences. However, little is known about the effect on the metabolism of other micronutrients. A total of fifty-four female rats were fed control (50 mg Fe/kg) or Fe-deficient diets (7·5 mg/kg) before and during pregnancy. Maternal liver, placenta and fetal liver were collected at day 21 of pregnancy for Cu and Zn analysis and to measure expression of the major genes of Cu and Zn metabolism. Cu levels increased in the maternal liver (P=0·002) and placenta (P=0·018) of Fe-deficient rats. Zn increased (P<0·0001) and Cu decreased (P=0·006) in the fetal liver. Hepatic expression of the Cu chaperones antioxidant 1 Cu chaperone (P=0·042) and cytochrome c oxidase Cu chaperone (COX17, P=0·020) decreased in the Fe-deficient dams, while the expression of the genes of Zn metabolism was unaltered. In the placenta, Fe deficiency reduced the expression of the chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1, Cu chaperone for superoxide dismutase (P=0·030), ceruloplasmin (P=0·042) and Zn transport genes, ZRT/IRT-like protein 4 (ZIP4, P=0·047) and Zn transporter 1 (ZnT1, P=0·012). In fetal liver, Fe deficiency increased COX17 (P=0·020), ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 (P=0·036) and ZnT1 (P=0·0003) and decreased ZIP4 (P=0·004). The results demonstrate that Fe deficiency during pregnancy has opposite effects on Cu and Zn levels in the fetal liver. This may, in turn, alter metabolism of these nutrients, with consequences for development in the fetus and the neonate.
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Puchkova LV, Babich PS, Zatulovskaia YA, Ilyechova EY, Di Sole F. Copper Metabolism of Newborns Is Adapted to Milk Ceruloplasmin as a Nutritive Source of Copper: Overview of the Current Data. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1591. [PMID: 30380720 PMCID: PMC6266612 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, which can potentially be a highly toxic agent, is an essential nutrient due to its role as a cofactor for cuproenzymes and its participation in signaling pathways. In mammals, the liver is a central organ that controls copper turnover throughout the body, including copper absorption, distribution, and excretion. In ontogenesis, there are two types of copper metabolism, embryonic and adult, which maintain the balance of copper in each of these periods of life, respectively. In the liver cells, these types of metabolism are characterized by the specific expression patterns and activity levels of the genes encoding ceruloplasmin, which is the main extracellular ferroxidase and copper transporter, and the proteins mediating ceruloplasmin metalation. In newborns, the molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for copper homeostasis and the ontogenetic switch from embryonic to adult copper metabolism are highly adapted to milk ceruloplasmin as a dietary source of copper. In the mammary gland cells, the level of ceruloplasmin gene expression and the alternative splicing of its pre-mRNA govern the amount of ceruloplasmin in the milk, and thus, the amount of copper absorbed by a newborn is controlled. In newborns, the absorption, distribution, and accumulation of copper are adapted to milk ceruloplasmin. If newborns are not breast-fed in the early stages of postnatal development, they do not have this natural control ensuring alimentary copper balance in the body. Although there is still much to be learned about the neonatal consequences of having an imbalance of copper in the mother/newborn system, the time to pay attention to this problem has arrived because the neonatal misbalance of copper may provoke the development of copper-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V Puchkova
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, 197101 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov str., 12, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya str., 29, 195251 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Polina S Babich
- Department of Zoology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kazanskaya str., 6, 191186 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Zatulovskaia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, 197101 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Francesca Di Sole
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.
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13
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Berwanger E, Vieira SL, Angel CR, Kindlein L, Mayer AN, Ebbing MA, Lopes M. Copper requirements of broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2785-2797. [PMID: 29767800 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One-hundred-twenty Cobb 500 hens, 20 wk of age, were randomly allocated into individual cages with the objective of estimating Cu requirements. After being fed a Cu deficient diet for 4 wk, hens were fed diets with graded increments of supplemental Cu (0.0; 3.5; 7.0; 10.5; 14; and 17.5 ppm) from Cu sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O), totaling 2.67; 5.82; 9.38; 12.92; 16.83; and 20.19 ppm analyzed Cu in feeds for 20 weeks. Estimations of Cu requirements were done using exponential asymptotic (EA), broken line quadratic (BLQ), and quadratic polynomial (QP) models. Obtained Cu requirements for hen d egg production and total settable eggs per hen were 6.2, 7.3, and 12.9 ppm and 8.1, 9.0, and 13.4 ppm, respectively, using EA, BLQ, and QP models. The QP model was the only one having a fit for total eggs per hen with 13.1 ppm Cu as a requirement. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum Cu from hens had requirements estimated as 13.9, 11.3, and 18.5, ppm; 14.6, 13.0, and 19.0 ppm; and 16.2, 14.6, and 14.2 ppm, respectively, for EA, BLQ, and QP models. Hatching chick hemoglobin was not affected by dietary Cu, whereas requirements estimated for hatching chick hematocrit and body weight and length were 10.2, 12.3, and 13.3 ppm using EA, BLQ, and QP models; and 6.8 and 7.1 ppm, and 12.9 and 13.9 ppm Cu using EA and BLQ models, respectively. Maximum responses for egg weight, yolk Cu content, and eggshell membrane thickness were 14.9, 12.7, and 15.1 ppm; 15.0, 16.3, and 15.7 ppm; and 7.3, 7.8, and 14.0 ppm Cu, respectively, for EA, BLQ, and QP models. Yolk and albumen percentage were adjusted only with the QP model and had requirements estimated at 11.0 ppm and 11.3 ppm, respectively, whereas eggshell mammillary layer was maximized with 10.6, 10.1, and 14.4 ppm Cu using EA, BLQ, and QP models, respectively. The average of all Cu requirement estimates obtained in the present study was 12.5 ppm Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berwanger
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - C R Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - L Kindlein
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 8834, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - A N Mayer
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - M A Ebbing
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - M Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
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14
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Lenartowicz M, Moos T, Ogórek M, Jensen TG, Møller LB. Metal-Dependent Regulation of ATP7A and ATP7B in Fibroblast Cultures. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:68. [PMID: 27587995 PMCID: PMC4988979 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of one of the copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B leads to the rare X-linked disorder Menkes Disease (MD) or the rare autosomal disorder Wilson disease (WD), respectively. In order to investigate whether the ATP7A and the ATP7B genes may be transcriptionally regulated, we measured the expression level of the two genes at various concentrations of iron, copper, and insulin. Treating fibroblasts from controls or from individuals with MD or WD for 3 and 10 days with iron chelators revealed that iron deficiency led to increased transcript levels of both ATP7A and ATP7B. Copper deficiency obtained by treatment with the copper chelator led to a downregulation of ATP7A in the control fibroblasts, but surprisingly not in the WD fibroblasts. In contrast, the addition of copper led to an increased expression of ATP7A, but a decreased expression of ATP7B. Thus, whereas similar regulation patterns for the two genes were observed in response to iron deficiency, different responses were observed after changes in the access to copper. Mosaic fibroblast cultures from female carriers of MD treated with copper or copper chelator for 6–8 weeks led to clonal selection. Cells that express the normal ATP7A allele had a selective growth advantage at high copper concentrations, whereas more surprisingly, cells that express the mutant ATP7A allele had a selective growth advantage at low copper concentrations. Thus, although the transcription of ATP7A is regulated by copper, clonal growth selection in mosaic cell cultures is affected by the level of copper. Female carriers of MD are rarely affected probably due to a skewed inactivation of the X-chromosome bearing the ATP7A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Poland
| | - Torben Moos
- Section of Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Medicine and Health Technology, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mateusz Ogórek
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas G Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth B Møller
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital - RigshospitaletGlostrup, Denmark; Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde UniversityRoskilde, Denmark
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15
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Jing M, Liu Y, Song W, Yan Y, Yan W, Liu R. Oxidative damage induced by copper in mouse primary hepatocytes by single-cell analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1335-1343. [PMID: 26358217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper can disturb the intracellular redox balance, induce oxidative stress, and subsequently cause irreversible damage, leading to a variety of diseases. In the present study, mouse primary hepatocytes were chosen to elucidate the in vitro oxidative damage of short-term copper exposure (10-200 μM) by single-cell analysis. We evaluated the toxicity of copper by reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and oxidative DNA damage at the single-cell level. Oxidative damage induced by copper was verified by the morphological changes, persistent elevations of excessive ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), a decrease in GSH level, and the oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, the average ROS generation, GSH consumption, and the indicators in DNA damage did not significantly change at relatively low concentrations (10 or 50 μM), but we can find the alterations of parameters in some single cells clearly. Emphasis on the analysis of single cells is conducive to gain a better understanding on the toxicity of copper. This study will also complement studies on the environmental risk assessment of copper pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbao Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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