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Das G, Chaturvedi S, Naqash TA, Hussain MW, Saquib S, Suleman G, Sindi AS, Shafi S, Sharif RA. Comparative in-vitro microscopic evaluation of vertical marginal discrepancy, microhardness, and surface roughness of nickel-chromium in new and recast alloy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16673. [PMID: 37794022 PMCID: PMC10551011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reusing of alloy has become a need of time due to the increasing demand, depletion of resources, and substantial increase in their price. The alloys used require a long-term stay in the oral cavity exposed to a wet environment, so they must have good wear resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanically good strength. In this study, the vertical marginal discrepancy, surface roughness, and microhardness of the new and recast nickel-chromium (base metal) alloys were evaluated. 125 wax patterns were fabricated from a customized stainless steel master die with a heavy chamfer cervical margin divided into 5 groups. Each group had 25 samples. Group A: 25 wax patterns were cast using 100% by weight of new alloy, Group B: the casting was done by using 75% new alloy and 25% alloy by weight, Group C: wax patterns were cast using 50% new alloy and 50% alloy, Group D: 25% new alloy and 75% alloy and Group E: 100% recast alloy. The vertical marginal discrepancy was measured by an analytical scanning microscope, microhardness was tested on a universal testing machine, and surface roughness was on a tester of surface roughness. Castings produced using new alloys were better than those obtained with reused alloys. Alloys can be reused till 50% by weight along with the new alloy and accelerated casting technique can be used to save the lab time to fabricate castings with acceptable vertical marginal discrepancy, microhardness, and surface roughness. This indicated that 50% recasting of (Ni-Cr) can be used as a good alternative for the new alloy from an economical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gotam Das
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Amin Naqash
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqar Hussain
- Department of Prosthodontics, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahabe Saquib
- Department of periodontics, Datta Maghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Deemed to be University, Warda, 442001, India
| | - Ghazala Suleman
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Sameer Sindi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabina Shafi
- Specialist Pediatric Dentist, Saudi Dent Group Khamis Mushayt, Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania A Sharif
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Influences of Stent Design on In-Stent Restenosis and Major Cardiac Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 13:147-169. [PMID: 34409580 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the developments in implantable biomaterial technologies, invasive operating procedures, and widespread applications especially in vascular disease treatment, a milestone for interventional surgery was achieved with the introduction of vascular stents. Despite vascular stents providing a solution for embolisms, this technology includes various challenges, such as mechanical, electro-chemical complications, or in-stent restenosis (ISR) risks with long-term usage. Therefore, further development of biomaterial technologies is vital to overcome such risks and problems. For this purpose, recent research has focused mainly on the applications of surface modification techniques on biomaterials and vascular stents to increase their hemocompatibility. ISR risk has been reduced with the development and prevalent usage of the art technology stent designs of drug-eluting and biodegradable stents. Nevertheless, their problems have not been overcome completely. Furthermore, patients using drug-eluting stents are faced with further clinical challenges. Therefore, the bare metal stent, which is the first form of the vascular stent technology and includes the highest ISR risk, is still in common usage for vascular treatment applications. For this reason, further research is necessary to solve the remaining vital problems. In this scoping review, stent-based major cardiac events including ISR are analyzed depending on different designs and material selection in stent manufacturing. Recent and novel approaches to overcome such challenges are stated in detail.
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Ali S, Irfan M, Muhammad Niazi U, Rani AMA, Shah I, Legutko S, Rahman S, Jalalah M, Alsaiari MA, Glowacz A, AlKahtani FS. Synthesis, Surface Nitriding and Characterization of Ti-Nb Modified 316L Stainless Steel Alloy Using Powder Metallurgy. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123270. [PMID: 34199244 PMCID: PMC8231788 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The powder metallurgy (PM) technique has been widely used for producing different alloy compositions by the addition of suitable reinforcements. PM is also capable of producing desireable mechanical and physical properties of the material by varying process parameters. This research investigates the addition of titanium and niobium in a 316L stainless steel matrix for potential use in the biomedical field. The increase of sintering dwell time resulted in simultaneous sintering and surface nitriding of compositions, using nitrogen as the sintering atmosphere. The developed alloy compositions were characterized using OM, FESEM, XRD and XPS techniques for quantification of the surface nitride layer and the nitrogen absorbed during sintering. The corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity assessments of the developed compositions were carried out in artificial saliva solution and human oral fibroblast cell culture, respectively. The results indicated that the nitride layer produced during sintering increased the corrosion resistance of the alloy and the developed compositions are non-cytotoxic. This newly developed alloy composition and processing technique is expected to provide a low-cost solution to implant manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaqat Ali
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (U.M.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Usama Muhammad Niazi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Skills University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (U.M.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
| | - Imran Shah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Stanislaw Legutko
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 3 Piotrowo str., 60-965 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (U.M.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari
- Empty qaurter research unit, Chemistry department, college of Science and art at Sharurah, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adam Glowacz
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Fahad Salem AlKahtani
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.); (F.S.A.)
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He L, Cui Y, Zhang C. The corrosion resistance, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties of lysozyme coatings on orthodontic composite arch wires. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18131-18137. [PMID: 35517200 PMCID: PMC9053745 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The corrosion resistance of new orthodontic composite arch wires (CAWs), which have excellent mechanical properties in a simulated oral environment, must be improved. This study explored the susceptibility to corrosion, in vitro cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties of lysozyme-coated CAWs. Methods: Lysozyme coating of laser-welded CAW surfaces was prepared by liquid phase deposition. Four groups of CAW specimens were prepared: uncoated CAWs and CAWs coated with 20, 40, and 60 g L−1 lysozyme. The surface morphology of the lysozyme coatings was characterized by atomic force microscopy. The samples were immersed in artificial saliva (AS) for 2 weeks, and corrosion morphology was then observed by scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion behavior was characterized according to weight loss and electrochemical properties. The cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of lysozyme-coated CAWs were assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay and a live/dead bacterial test, respectively. Results: Surfaces in the three lysozyme coating groups exhibited film-like deposition, the thickness of which increased with the lysozyme concentration. Surface pitting and copper ion precipitation decreased with increasing lysozyme concentration in coatings. The corrosion tendency declined as the corrosion and pitting potentials decreased. The corrosion morphology and electrochemical parameters together indicated that lysozyme coatings increased corrosion resistance. The coatings also reduced cytotoxicity to L-929 cells and increased anti-Staphylococcus aureus ability. Conclusions: Lysozyme coating of CAW surfaces by liquid phase deposition improved the corrosion resistance of CAWs. The protective coatings improved biocompatibility and endowed the CAW surfaces with certain degrees of anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity. Different lysozyme concentrations had different protective effects, with 40 g L−1 maybe being the ideal lysozyme concentration for CAW coatings. The corrosion resistance of new orthodontic composite arch wires (CAWs), which have excellent mechanical properties in a simulated oral environment, must be improved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen He
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510280 China +86 18565578907
| | - Ye Cui
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510280 China +86 18565578907
| | - Chao Zhang
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510280 China +86 18565578907
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He L, Cui Y, Zhang C. Effect of Protein and Mechanical Strain on the Corrosion Resistance and Cytotoxicity of the Orthodontic Composite Arch Wire. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8992-8998. [PMID: 32337463 PMCID: PMC7178770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the exposure to different types of salivary proteins (fibrinogen, IgG, and mucin) and application of an in vitro bending strain on the laser welding orthodontic composite arch wire (CAW) were investigated, and the resultant corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity were studied in vitro. The purpose was to determine the mechanisms by which protein exposure and bending loads contribute to the corrosion of the CAW either alone or in combination by mimicking the clinical application. The results showed that the application of a mechanical strain significantly decreased the corrosion resistance of the CAW and increased the release of toxic corrosion products. The addition of the proteins inhibited the corrosion of the CAW, but the mechanical loads counteracted this effect. Mucin enhanced the corrosion resistance of the CAW. The effects of the proteins or strain, either alone or in combination, should be considered in the application of medical materials of heterogenetic alloys.
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Mei N, Hedberg J, Odnevall Wallinder I, Blomberg E. Influence of Biocorona Formation on the Transformation and Dissolution of Cobalt Nanoparticles under Physiological Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21778-21791. [PMID: 31891055 PMCID: PMC6933593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) nanoparticles (NPs) are produced in different applications and unintentionally generated at several occupational and traffic settings. Their diffuse dispersion may lead to interactions with humans and aquatic organisms via different exposure routes that include their transformation/dissolution in biological media. This paper has investigated the particle stability and reactivity of Co NPs (dispersed by sonication prior to exposure) interacting with selected individual biomolecules (amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). No or minor adsorption of amino acids (glutamine, glutamic acid, lysine, and cysteine) was observed on the Co NPs, independent of the functional group and charge. Instead, phosphate adsorption resulted in the formation of a surface layer (a corona) of Co phosphate. The adsorption of larger biomolecules (polyglutamic acid, polylysine, lysozyme, and mucin) was evident in parallel with the formation of Co phosphate. The dissolution of the Co NPs was rapid as 35-55% of the particle mass was dissolved within the first hour of exposure. The larger biomolecules suppressed the dissolution initially compared to exposure in PBS only, whereas the dissolution was essentially unaffected by the presence of amino acids, with cysteine as an exception. The formation of Co phosphate on the NP surface reduced the protective properties of the surface oxide of the Co NPs, as seen from the increased levels of the released Co when compared with the nonphosphate-containing saline. The results underline the diversity of possible outcomes with respect to surface characteristics and dissolution of Co NPs in biological media and emphasize the importance of surface interactions with phosphate on the NP characteristics and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxuan Mei
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hedberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall Wallinder
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden
| | - Eva Blomberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden
- Division
Bioscience and Materials, RISE Research
Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm 111 21, Sweden
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The Influence of Nitrogen Absorption on Microstructure, Properties and Cytotoxicity Assessment of 316L Stainless Steel Alloy Reinforced with Boron and Niobium. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, 316L stainless steel (SS) has been the material of choice for implant manufacturing. However, the leaching of nickel ions from the SS matrix limits its usefulness as an implant material. In this study, an efficient approach for controlling the leaching of ions and improving its properties is presented. The composition of SS was modified with the addition of boron and niobium, which was followed by sintering in nitrogen atmosphere for 8 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the formation of strong nitrides, indicating the diffusion of nitrogen into the SS matrix. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that a nitride layer was deposited on the sample surface, thereby helping to control the leaching of metal ions. The corrosion resistance of the alloy systems in artificial saliva solution indicated minimal weight loss, indicating improved corrosion resistance. The cytotoxicity assessment of the alloy system showed that the developed modified stainless steel alloys are compatible with living cells and can be used as implant materials.
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An Efficient Approach for Nitrogen Diffusion and Surface Nitriding of Boron-Titanium Modified Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Austenitic 316L stainless steel has been the most widely acceptable biomaterial for producing implants. The downside of this material includes the leaching of nickel ions from the matrix that limits its’ usage in implant manufacturing. In this research, production of stainless steel alloy modified with boron and titanium is investigated. The sintering of the alloy systems is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere for a dwell time of 8 h. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that dwell time and alloy composition leads to the formation of strong nitrides and borides. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results show the presence of nitrogen on to the surface of sintered specimens. The nitride layer on the surface of the specimens is helpful in the retention of nickel ions in the stainless steel matrix, as indicated in the weight loss measurements. The cytotoxicity assessment indicates that the developed alloys are biocompatible and can be used as implant materials.
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Time-dependent Enhanced Corrosion of Ti6Al4V in the Presence of H 2O 2 and Albumin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3185. [PMID: 29453366 PMCID: PMC5816596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding the biological consequences of metal release from implants. However, the mechanisms underpinning implant surface degradation, especially in the absence of wear, are often poorly understood. Here the synergistic effect of albumin and H2O2 on corrosion of Ti6Al4V in physiological saline is studied with electrochemical methods. It is found that albumin induces a time-dependent dissolution of Ti6Al4V in the presence of H2O2 in physiology saline. Potentiostatic polarisation measurements show that albumin supresses dissolution in the presence of H2O2 at short times (<24 h) but over longer time periods (120 h) it significantly accelerates corrosion, which is attributed to albumin-catalysed dissolution of the corrosion product layer resulting in formation of a thinner oxide film. Dissolution of Ti6Al4V in the presence of albumin and H2O2 in physiological saline is also found to be dependent on potential: the titanium ion release rate is found to be higher (0.57 µg/cm2) at a lower potential (90 mV), where the oxide capacitance and resistance inferred from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy also suggests a less resistant oxide film. The study highlights the importance of using more realistic solutions, and considering behaviour over longer time periods when testing corrosion resistance of metallic biomaterials.
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