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Grünberger F, Reichelt R, Waege I, Ned V, Bronner K, Kaljanac M, Weber N, El Ahmad Z, Knauss L, Madej MG, Ziegler C, Grohmann D, Hausner W. CopR, a Global Regulator of Transcription to Maintain Copper Homeostasis in Pyrococcus furiosus. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:613532. [PMID: 33505379 PMCID: PMC7830388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.613532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although copper is in many cases an essential micronutrient for cellular life, higher concentrations are toxic. Therefore, all living cells have developed strategies to maintain copper homeostasis. In this manuscript, we have analyzed the transcriptome-wide response of Pyrococcus furiosus to increased copper concentrations and described the essential role of the putative copper-sensing metalloregulator CopR in the detoxification process. To this end, we employed biochemical and biophysical methods to characterize the role of CopR. Additionally, a copR knockout strain revealed an amplified sensitivity in comparison to the parental strain towards increased copper levels, which designates an essential role of CopR for copper homeostasis. To learn more about the CopR-regulated gene network, we performed differential gene expression and ChIP-seq analysis under normal and 20 μM copper-shock conditions. By integrating the transcriptome and genome-wide binding data, we found that CopR binds to the upstream regions of many copper-induced genes. Negative-stain transmission electron microscopy and 2D class averaging revealed an octameric assembly formed from a tetramer of dimers for CopR, similar to published crystal structures from the Lrp family. In conclusion, we propose a model for CopR-regulated transcription and highlight the regulatory network that enables Pyrococcus to respond to increased copper concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grünberger
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Reichelt
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Waege
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Verena Ned
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Korbinian Bronner
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcell Kaljanac
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nina Weber
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zubeir El Ahmad
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lena Knauss
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Gregor Madej
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Ziegler
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dina Grohmann
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Hausner
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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