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Yang X, Yin H, Peng L, Zhang D, Li K, Cui F, Xia C, Huang H, Li Z. The Global Status and Trends of Enteropeptidase: A Bibliometric Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:779722. [PMID: 35223895 PMCID: PMC8866687 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.779722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEnteropeptidase (EP) is a type II transmembrane serine protease and a physiological activator of trypsinogen. Extensive studies related to EP have been conducted to date. However, no bibliometric analysis has systematically investigated this theme. Our study aimed to visualize the current landscape and frontier trends of scientific achievements on EP, provide an overview of the past 120 years and insights for researchers and clinicians to facilitate future collaborative research and clinical intervention.MethodsQuantitative analysis of publications relating to EP from 1900 to 2020 was interpreted and graphed through the Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection (limited to SCIE). Microsoft office 2019, GraphPad Prism 8, VOSviewer, and R-bibliometrix were used to conduct the bibliometric analysis.ResultsFrom 1900 to 2020, a total of 1,034 publications were retrieved. The USA had the largest number of publications, making the greatest contribution to the topic (n = 260, 25.15%). Active collaborations between countries/regions were also enrolled. Grant and Hermontaylor were perhaps the most impactful researchers in the landscape of EP. Protein Expression and Purification and the Journal of Biological Chemistry were the most prevalent (79/1,034, 7.64%) and cited journals (n = 2,626), respectively. Using the top 15 citations and co-citations achievements clarified the theoretical basis of the EP research field. Important topics mainly include the structure of EP, the affective factors for activating substrates by EP, EP-related disorders, and inhibitors of EP.ConclusionBased on the bibliometric analysis, we have gained a comprehensive analysis of the global status and research frontiers of studies investigating EP, which provides some guidance and reference for researchers and clinicians engaged in EP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Keliang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanchao Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haojie Huang
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Zhaoshen Li
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Gasparian ME, Bobik TV, Kim YV, Ponomarenko NA, Dolgikh DA, Gabibov AG, Kirpichnikov MP. Heterogeneous catalysis on the phage surface: Display of active human enteropeptidase. Biochimie 2013; 95:2076-81. [PMID: 23917033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Enteropeptidase (EC 3.4.21.9) plays a key role in mammalian digestion as the enzyme that physiologically activates trypsinogen by highly specific cleavage of the trypsinogen activation peptide following the recognition sequence D4K. The high specificity of enteropeptidase makes it a powerful tool in modern biotechnology. Here we describe the application of phage display technology to express active human enteropeptidase catalytic subunits (L-HEP) on M13 filamentous bacteriophage. The L-HEP/C122S gene was cloned in the g3p-based phagemid vector pHEN2m upstream of the sequence encoding the phage g3p protein and downstream of the signal peptide-encoding sequence. Heterogeneous catalysis of the synthetic peptide substrate (GDDDDK-β-naphthylamide) cleavage by phage-bound L-HEP was shown to have kinetic parameters similar to those of soluble enzyme, with the respective Km values of 19 μM and 20 μM and kcat of 115 and 92 s(-1). Fusion proteins containing a D4K cleavage site were cleaved with phage-bound L-HEP/C122S as well as by soluble L-HEP/C122S, and proteolysis was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Rapid large-scale phage production, one-step purification of phage-bound L-HEP, and easy removal of enzyme activity from reaction samples by PEG precipitation make our approach suitable for the efficient removal of various tag sequences fused to the target proteins. The functional phage display technology developed in this study can be instrumental in constructing libraries of mutants to analyze the effect of structural changes on the activity and specificity of the enzyme or generate its desired variants for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine E Gasparian
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Ostapchenko VG, Gasparian ME, Kosinsky YA, Efremov RG, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Dissecting structural basis of the unique substrate selectivity of human enteropeptidase catalytic subunit. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:62-73. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.674249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pepeliaev S, Krahulec J, Černý Z, Jílková J, Tlustá M, Dostálová J. High level expression of human enteropeptidase light chain in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2011; 156:67-75. [PMID: 21884736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human enterokinase (enteropeptidase, rhEP), a serine protease expressed in the proximal part of the small intestine, converts the inactive form of trypsinogen to active trypsin by endoproteolytic cleavage. The high specificity of the target site makes enterokinase an ideal tool for cleaving fusion proteins at defined cleavage sites. The mature active enzyme is comprised of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains. The heavy chain anchors the enzyme in the intestinal brush border membrane, whereas the light chain represents the catalytic enzyme subunit. The synthetic gene encoding human enteropeptidase light chain with His-tag added at the C-terminus to facilitate protein purification was cloned into Pichia pastoris expression plasmids under the control of an inducible AOX1 or constitutive promoters GAP and AAC. Cultivation media and conditions were optimized as well as isolation and purification of the target protein. Up to 4 mg/L of rhEP was obtained in shake-flask experiments and the expression level of about 60-70 mg/L was achieved when cultivating in lab-scale fermentors. The constitutively expressing strains proved more efficient and less labor-demanding than the inducible ones. The rhEP was immobilized on AV 100 sorbent (Iontosorb) to allow repeated use of enterokinase, showing specific activity of 4U/mL of wet matrix.
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Makarova AM, Gorbacheva LR, Savinkova IV, Mikhailova AG, Rumsh LD, Pinelis VG, Strukova SM. Effect of enteropeptidase on survival of cultured hippocampal neurons under conditions of glutamate toxicity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:1153-9. [PMID: 21077835 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910090099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of full-size bovine enteropeptidase (BEK) and of human recombinant light chain enteropeptidase (L-HEP) on survival of cultured hippocampal neurons were studied under conditions of glutamate excitotoxicity. Low concentrations of L-HEP or BEK (0.1-1 and 0.1-0.5 nM, respectively) protected hippocampal neurons against the death caused by 100 µM glutamate. Using the PAR1 (proteinase-activated receptor) antagonist SCH 79797, we revealed a PAR1-dependent mechanism of neuroprotective action of low concentrations of enteropeptidase. The protective effect of full-size enteropeptidase was not observed at the concentrations of 1 and 10 nM; moreover, 10 nM of BEK caused death of 88.9% of the neurons, which significantly exceeded the cell death caused by glutamate (31.9%). Under conditions of glutamate cytotoxicity the survival of neurons was 26.8% higher even in the presence of 10 nM of L-HEP than in the presence of 10 nM BEK. Pretreatment of cells with 10 nM of either form of enteropeptidase abolished the protective effect of 10 nM thrombin under glutamate cytotoxicity. High concentrations of BEK and L-HEP caused the death of neurons mainly through necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Makarova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Liew OW, Jenny Chong PC, Lim YZ, Ang CX, Amy Lau YC, Yandle TG, Brennan SO. An SRLLR motif downstream of the scissile bond enhances enterokinase cleavage efficiency. Biochimie 2007; 89:21-9. [PMID: 17097793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper, we reported more efficient enterokinase cleavage at a C-terminal non-target LKGDR(201) site compared with an internally sited canonical recognition site, DDDDK(156). When this non-target site was placed internally to replace DDDDK(156) between the thioredoxin moiety and mouse NT-proCNP(1-50), this site was poorly processed leading us to conclude that efficient processing at LKGDR(201) in the first instance was due to its accessibility at the C-terminus of the fusion protein. Subsequently, we reasoned that treatment of thioredoxin-fused NT-proCNP(1-81) would allow us to retrieve full-length NT-proCNP(1-81) without undue processing at the LKGDR(201) site since this non-target site would now be located internally about 36 residues away from the C-terminus and hence not be hydrolyzed efficiently. Surprisingly, ESI-MS data showed that the LKGDR site in thioredoxin-fused human NT-proCNP(1-81) was still very efficiently cleaved and revealed a new but slow hydrolysis site with the sequence RVDTK/SRAAW to yield a peptide consistent with NT-proCNP(58-81). The evidence obtained from these experiments led us to postulate that efficient cleavage at the non-target LKGDR(201) site was not merely influenced by steric constraints but also by the sequence context downstream of the scissile bond. Hence, we constructed variants of thioredoxin-mouse NT-proCNP(1-50) where SRLLR residues (i.e. those immediately downstream from the LKGDR(201) site in NT-proCNP(1-50)) were systematically added one at a time downstream of the internal DDDDK(156) site. To evaluate the relative effects of site accessibility and downstream sequence context on the efficiency of enterokinase cleavage, we have also replaced the native LKGDR(201) sequence with DDDDK(201). Our results showed that incremental addition of SRLLR residues led to a steady increase in the rate of hydrolysis at DDDDK(156). Further variants comprising DDDDK(156)SS, DDDDK(156)SD and DDDDK(156)RR showed that the minimal critical determinants for enhanced enterokinase cleavage are serine in the P1' position followed by a serine or a basic residue, lysine or arginine, in the P2' position. Our data provided conclusive evidence that the influence of downstream sequences on recombinant light chain enterokinase activity was greater than accessibility of the target site at the terminus region of the protein. We further showed that the catalytic efficiency of the native holoenzyme was influenced primarily by residues on the N-terminal side of the scissile bond while being neutral to residues on the C-terminal side. Finally, we found that cleavage of all nine fusion proteins reflects accurate hydrolysis at the DDDDK(156) and DDDDK(201) sites when recombinant light chain enterokinase was used while non-specific processing at secondary sites were observed when these fusion proteins were treated with the native holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Wah Liew
- Deputy Principal (Academic)'s Office, Technology Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500 Dover Road, Singapore 139651, Singapore.
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