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Ngo H, Amartumur S, Tran VTA, Tran M, Diep YN, Cho H, Lee LP. In Vitro Tumor Models on Chip and Integrated Microphysiological Analysis Platform (MAP) for Life Sciences and High-Throughput Drug Screening. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:231. [PMID: 36831997 PMCID: PMC9954135 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of preclinical in vitro cancer models has led to the emergence of human cancer-on-chip or microphysiological analysis platforms (MAPs). Although it has numerous advantages compared to other models, cancer-on-chip technology still faces several challenges such as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and integrating multiple organs to be widely accepted in cancer research and therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the advancements in cancer-on-chip technology in recapitulating the vital biological features of various cancer types and their applications in life sciences and high-throughput drug screening. We present advances in reconstituting the tumor microenvironment and modeling cancer stages in breast, brain, and other types of cancer. We also discuss the relevance of MAPs in cancer modeling and precision medicine such as effect of flow on cancer growth and the short culture period compared to clinics. The advanced MAPs provide high-throughput platforms with integrated biosensors to monitor real-time cellular responses applied in drug development. We envision that the integrated cancer MAPs has a promising future with regard to cancer research, including cancer biology, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Ngo
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarnai Amartumur
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Thi Ai Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen N. Diep
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Bourguignon N, Chamorro D, Pérez-Sosa C, Aravelli A, Bravo E, Perez M, Miriuka S, Lerner B, Bhansali S. Micro and milli-chamber bioreactors for human induced pluripotent stem cell culture: Model and experimental validation. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bourguignon N, Karp P, Attallah C, Chamorro DA, Oggero M, Booth R, Ferrero S, Bhansali S, Pérez MS, Lerner B, Helguera G. Large Area Microfluidic Bioreactor for Production of Recombinant Protein. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070526. [PMID: 35884329 PMCID: PMC9313365 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To produce innovative biopharmaceuticals, highly flexible, adaptable, robust, and affordable bioprocess platforms for bioreactors are essential. In this article, we describe the development of a large-area microfluidic bioreactor (LM bioreactor) for mammalian cell culture that works at laminar flow and perfusion conditions. The 184 cm2 32 cisterns LM bioreactor is the largest polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device fabricated by photopolymer flexographic master mold methodology, reaching a final volume of 2.8 mL. The LM bioreactor was connected to a syringe pump system for culture media perfusion, and the cells’ culture was monitored by photomicrograph imaging. CHO-ahIFN-α2b adherent cell line expressing the anti-hIFN-a2b recombinant scFv-Fc monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus were cultured on the LM bioreactor. Cell culture and mAb production in the LM bioreactor could be sustained for 18 days. Moreover, the anti-hIFN-a2b produced in the LM bioreactor showed higher affinity and neutralizing antiproliferative activity compared to those mAbs produced in the control condition. We demonstrate for the first-time, a large area microfluidic bioreactor for mammalian cell culture that enables a controlled microenvironment suitable for the development of high-quality biologics with potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bourguignon
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
| | - Paola Karp
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (P.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Carolina Attallah
- Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe S3000ZAA, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina; (C.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Daniel A. Chamorro
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
| | - Marcos Oggero
- Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe S3000ZAA, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina; (C.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Ross Booth
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA;
| | - Sol Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (P.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
| | - Maximiliano S. Pérez
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (G.H.); Tel.:+5411-4343-1177 (ext. 1209) (B.L.); +54-11-4783-2869 (G.H.)
| | - Gustavo Helguera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (P.K.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (G.H.); Tel.:+5411-4343-1177 (ext. 1209) (B.L.); +54-11-4783-2869 (G.H.)
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Li C, Humayun M, Walker GM, Park KY, Connors B, Feng J, Pellitteri Hahn MC, Scarlett CO, Li J, Feng Y, Clark RL, Hefti H, Schrope J, Venturelli OS, Beebe DJ. Under-Oil Autonomously Regulated Oxygen Microenvironments: A Goldilocks Principle-Based Approach for Microscale Cell Culture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104510. [PMID: 35118834 PMCID: PMC8981459 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen levels in vivo are autonomously regulated by a supply-demand balance, which can be altered in disease states. However, the oxygen levels of in vitro cell culture systems, particularly microscale cell culture, are typically dominated by either supply or demand. Further, the oxygen microenvironment in these systems is rarely monitored or reported. Here, a method to establish and dynamically monitor autonomously regulated oxygen microenvironments (AROM) using an oil overlay in an open microscale cell culture system is presented. Using this method, the oxygen microenvironment is dynamically regulated via the supply-demand balance of the system. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of oxygen transport within multi-liquid-phase, microscale culture systems involving a variety of cell types, including mammalian, fungal, and bacterial cells are presented. Finally, AROM is applied to establish a coculture between cells with disparate oxygen demands-primary intestinal epithelial cells (oxygen consuming) and Bacteroides uniformis (an anaerobic species prevalent in the human gut).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Glenn M. Walker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Mississippi UniversityMadisonMS38677USA
| | - Keon Young Park
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| | - Bryce Connors
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Molly C. Pellitteri Hahn
- Analytical Instrumentation Center‐Mass Spec FacilitySchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Cameron O. Scarlett
- Analytical Instrumentation Center‐Mass Spec FacilitySchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Yanbo Feng
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Ryan L. Clark
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Hunter Hefti
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Jonathan Schrope
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53726USA
| | - Ophelia S. Venturelli
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
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A new insight into a thermoplastic microfluidic device aimed at improvement of oxygenation process and avoidance of shear stress during cell culture. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 35277762 PMCID: PMC8917112 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Keeping the oxygen concentration at the desired physiological limits is a challenging task in cellular microfluidic devices. A good knowledge of affecting parameters would be helpful to control the oxygen delivery to cells. This study aims to provide a fundamental understanding of oxygenation process within a hydrogel-based microfluidic device considering simultaneous mass transfer, medium flow, and cellular consumption. For this purpose, the role of geometrical and hydrodynamic properties was numerically investigated. The results are in good agreement with both numerical and experimental data in the literature. The obtained results reveal that increasing the microchannel height delays the oxygen depletion in the absence of media flow. We also observed that increasing the medium flow rate increases the oxygen concentration in the device; however, it leads to high maximum shear stress. A novel pulsatile medium flow injection pattern is introduced to reduce detrimental effect of the applied shear stress on the cells.
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Fattahi E, Taheri S, Schilling AF, Becker T, Pörtner R. Generation and evaluation of input values for computational analysis of transport processes within tissue cultures. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:681-698. [PMID: 36348656 PMCID: PMC9635004 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques for tissue culture have seen significant advances during the last decades and novel 3D cell culture systems have become available. To control their high complexity, experimental techniques and their Digital Twins (modelling and computational tools) are combined to link different variables to process conditions and critical process parameters. This allows a rapid evaluation of the expected product quality. However, the use of mathematical simulation and Digital Twins is critically dependent on the precise description of the problem and correct input parameters. Errors here can lead to dramatically wrong conclusions. The intention of this review is to provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and remaining challenges with respect to generating input values for computational analysis of mass and momentum transport processes within tissue cultures. It gives an overview on relevant aspects of transport processes in tissue cultures as well as modelling and computational tools to tackle these problems. Further focus is on techniques used for the determination of cell‐specific parameters and characterization of culture systems, including sensors for on‐line determination of relevant parameters. In conclusion, tissue culture techniques are well‐established, and modelling tools are technically mature. New sensor technologies are on the way, especially for organ chips. The greatest remaining challenge seems to be the proper addressing and handling of input parameters required for mathematical models. Following Good Modelling Practice approaches when setting up and validating computational models is, therefore, essential to get to better estimations of the interesting complex processes inside organotypic tissue cultures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fattahi
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology TUM School of Life Sciences Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Shahed Taheri
- Department of Trauma Surgery Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology TUM School of Life Sciences Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
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Kundu B, Caballero D, Abreu CM, Reis RL, Kundu SC. The Tumor Microenvironment: An Introduction to the Development of Microfluidic Devices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:115-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Välimäki H, Hyvärinen T, Leivo J, Iftikhar H, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Rajan DK, Verho J, Kreutzer J, Ryynänen T, Pirhonen J, Aalto-Setälä K, Kallio P, Narkilahti S, Lekkala J. Covalent immobilization of luminescent oxygen indicators reduces cytotoxicity. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:41. [PMID: 32494857 PMCID: PMC7270993 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence-based oxygen sensing is a widely used tool in cell culture applications. In a typical configuration, the luminescent oxygen indicators are embedded in a solid, oxygen-permeable matrix in contact with the culture medium. However, in sensitive cell cultures even minimal leaching of the potentially cytotoxic indicators can become an issue. One way to prevent the leaching is to immobilize the indicators covalently into the supporting matrix. In this paper, we report on a method where platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorphenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) oxygen indicators are covalently immobilized into a polymer matrix consisting of polystyrene and poly(pentafluorostyrene). We study how the covalent immobilization influences the sensing material’s cytotoxicity to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC-derived) neurons and cardiomyocytes (CMs) through 7–13 days culturing experiments and various viability analyses. Furthermore, we study the effect of the covalent immobilization on the indicator leaching and the oxygen sensing properties of the material. In addition, we demonstrate the use of the covalently linked oxygen sensing material in real time oxygen tension monitoring in functional hypoxia studies of the hiPSC-derived CMs. The results show that the covalently immobilized indicators substantially reduce indicator leaching and the cytotoxicity of the oxygen sensing material, while the influence on the oxygen sensing properties remains small or nonexistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Välimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tanja Hyvärinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joni Leivo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Haider Iftikhar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Pekkanen-Mattila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jarmo Verho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Ryynänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jonatan Pirhonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi Kallio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Lekkala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
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Guzzi F, Candeloro P, Coluccio ML, Cristiani CM, Parrotta EI, Scaramuzzino L, Scalise S, Dattola E, D’Attimo MA, Cuda G, Lamanna E, Passacatini LC, Carbone E, Krühne U, Di Fabrizio E, Perozziello G. A Disposable Passive Microfluidic Device for Cell Culturing. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10030018. [PMID: 32121446 PMCID: PMC7146476 DOI: 10.3390/bios10030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a disposable passive microfluidic device for cell culturing that does not require any additional/external pressure sources is introduced. By regulating the height of fluidic columns and the aperture and closure of the source wells, the device can provide different media and/or drug flows, thereby allowing different flow patterns with respect to time. The device is made of two Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layers fabricated by micro-milling and solvent assisted bonding and allows us to ensure a flow rate of 18.6 μl/ℎ - 7%/day, due to a decrease of the fluid height while the liquid is driven from the reservoirs into the channels. Simulations and experiments were conducted to characterize flows and diffusion in the culture chamber. Melanoma tumor cells were used to test the device and carry out cell culturing experiments for 48 hours. Moreover, HeLa, Jurkat, A549 and HEK293T cell lines were cultivated successfully inside the microfluidic device for 72 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Coluccio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Elvira Immacolata Parrotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Luana Scaramuzzino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefania Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Dattola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Antonia D’Attimo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Ernesto Lamanna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Lucia Carmela Passacatini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Ennio Carbone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Ulrich Krühne
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technology University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gerardo Perozziello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Smith Q, Macklin B, Chan XY, Jones H, Trempel M, Yoder MC, Gerecht S. Differential HDAC6 Activity Modulates Ciliogenesis and Subsequent Mechanosensing of Endothelial Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 24:895-908.e6. [PMID: 30044986 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of primary cilia in mechanosensation is essential in endothelial cell (EC) shear responsiveness. Here, we find that venous, capillary, and progenitor ECs respond to shear stress in vitro in a cilia-dependent manner. We then demonstrate that primary cilia assembly in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived ECs varies between different cell lines with marginal influence of differentiation protocol. hiPSC-derived ECs lacking cilia do not align to shear stress, lack stress fiber assembly, have uncoordinated migration during wound closure in vitro, and have aberrant calcium influx upon shear exposure. Transcriptional analysis reveals variation in regulatory genes involved in ciliogenesis among different hiPSC-derived ECs. Moreover, inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity in hiPSC-ECs lacking cilia rescues cilia formation and restores mechanical sensing. Taken together, these results show the importance of primary cilia in hiPSC-EC mechano-responsiveness and its modulation through HDAC6 activity varies among hiPSC-ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bria Macklin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xin Yi Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hannah Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Michelle Trempel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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11
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Levitsky Y, Pegouske DJ, Hammer SS, Frantz NL, Fisher KP, Muchnik AB, Saripalli AR, Kirschner P, Bazil JN, Busik JV, Proshlyakov DA. Micro-respirometry of whole cells and isolated mitochondria. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33257-33267. [PMID: 32123561 PMCID: PMC7051014 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen consumption is a key metric of metabolism in aerobic organisms. Current respirometric methods led to seminal discoveries despite limitations such as high sample demand, exchange with atmospheric O2, and cumulative titration protocols leading to limited choice of useable tissue, complex data interpretation, and restricted experimental design. We developed a sensitive and customizable method of measuring O2 consumption rates by a variety of biological samples in microliter volumes without interference from the aerobic environment. We demonstrate that O2 permeability of the photopolymer, VeroClear, is comparable to that of polyetheretherketone (0.125 vs. 0.143 barrer, respectively) providing an efficient barrier to oxygen ingress. Optical transparency of VeroClear, combined with high resolution 3D printing, allows for optode-based oxygen detection in enclosed samples. These properties yield a microrespirometer with over 100× dynamic range for O2 consumption rates. Importantly, the enclosed respirometer configuration and very low oxygen permeability of materials makes it suitable, with resin pre-conditioning, for quantitative assessment of O2 consumption rates at any desired [O2], including hyperbaric, physiological or hypoxic conditions as necessary for each cell type. We characterized two configurations to study soluble enzymes, isolated mitochondria, cells in suspension, and adherent cells cultured on-chip. Improved sensitivity allows for routine quantitative detection of respiration by as few as several hundred cells. Specific activity of cell suspensions in the microrespirometer was in close agreement with that obtained by high-resolution polarographic respirometry. Adherent cell protocols allowed for physiologically relevant assessment of respiration in retinal pigment epithelial cells, ARPE-19, which displayed lower metabolic rates compared with those in suspension. By exchanging medium composition, we demonstrate that cells can be transiently inhibited by cyanide and that 99.6% of basal O2 uptake is recovered upon its removal. This approach is amenable to new experimental designs and precision measurements on limited sample quantities across basic research and applied fields. 3D printed microfluidic respirometer allows for quantitative investigation of biological energy transduction in adherent and suspension samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Levitsky
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David J Pegouske
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sandra S Hammer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nathan L Frantz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kiera P Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Artem B Muchnik
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Philip Kirschner
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Denis A Proshlyakov
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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12
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Rivera KR, Yokus MA, Erb PD, Pozdin VA, Daniele M. Measuring and regulating oxygen levels in microphysiological systems: design, material, and sensor considerations. Analyst 2019; 144:3190-3215. [PMID: 30968094 PMCID: PMC6564678 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As microfabrication techniques and tissue engineering methods improve, microphysiological systems (MPS) are being engineered that recapitulate complex physiological and pathophysiological states to supplement and challenge traditional animal models. Although MPS provide unique microenvironments that transcend common 2D cell culture, without proper regulation of oxygen content, MPS often fail to provide the biomimetic environment necessary to activate and investigate fundamental pathways of cellular metabolism and sub-cellular level. Oxygen exists in the human body in various concentrations and partial pressures; moreover, it fluctuates dramatically depending on fasting, exercise, and sleep patterns. Regulating oxygen content inside MPS necessitates a sensitive biological sensor to quantify oxygen content in real-time. Measuring oxygen in a microdevice is a non-trivial requirement for studies focused on understanding how oxygen impacts cellular processes, including angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Quantifying oxygen inside a microdevice can be achieved via an array of technologies, with each method having benefits and limitations in terms of sensitivity, limits of detection, and invasiveness that must be considered and optimized. This article will review oxygen physiology in organ systems and offer comparisons of organ-specific MPS that do and do not consider oxygen microenvironments. Materials used in microphysiological models will also be analyzed in terms of their ability to control oxygen. Finally, oxygen sensor technologies are critically compared and evaluated for use in MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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13
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Grenci G, Bertocchi C, Ravasio A. Integrating Microfabrication into Biological Investigations: the Benefits of Interdisciplinarity. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E252. [PMID: 30995747 PMCID: PMC6523848 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The advent of micro and nanotechnologies, such as microfabrication, have impacted scientific research and contributed to meaningful real-world applications, to a degree seen during historic technological revolutions. Some key areas benefitting from the invention and advancement of microfabrication platforms are those of biological and biomedical sciences. Modern therapeutic approaches, involving point-of-care, precision or personalized medicine, are transitioning from the experimental phase to becoming the standard of care. At the same time, biological research benefits from the contribution of microfluidics at every level from single cell to tissue engineering and organoids studies. The aim of this commentary is to describe, through proven examples, the interdisciplinary process used to develop novel biological technologies and to emphasize the role of technical knowledge in empowering researchers who are specialized in a niche area to look beyond and innovate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
- Biomedical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile.
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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14
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Shang M, Soon RH, Lim CT, Khoo BL, Han J. Microfluidic modelling of the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer drug development. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:369-386. [PMID: 30644496 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00970h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The complex and disorganized tumor microenvironment makes it very difficult to treat this disease. The most common in vitro drug screening method now is based on 2D culture models which poorly represent actual tumors. Therefore, many 3D tumor models which are more physiologically relevant have been developed to conduct in vitro drug screening and alleviate this situation. Among all these models, the microfluidic tumor model has the unique advantage of recapitulating the tumor microenvironment in a comparatively easier and representative fashion. While there are many review papers available on the related topic of microfluidic tumor models, in this review we aim to focus more on the possibility of generating "clinically actionable information" from these microfluidic systems, besides scientific insight. Our topics cover the tumor microenvironment, conventional 2D and 3D cultures, animal models, and microfluidic tumor models, emphasizing their link to anti-cancer drug discovery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Shang
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1, Create Way, Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore.
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15
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Wei Z, Gerecht S. A self-healing hydrogel as an injectable instructive carrier for cellular morphogenesis. Biomaterials 2018; 185:86-96. [PMID: 30236839 PMCID: PMC6432635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of progenitor cells can accelerate tissue healing and regenerative processes. Nonetheless, direct cell delivery fails to support survival of transplanted cells or long-term treatment of vascular related diseases due to compromised vasculature and tissue conditions. Using injectable hydrogels that cross-link in situ, could protect cells in vivo, but their sol-gel transition is time-dependent and difficult to precisely control. Hydrogels with self-healing properties are proposed to address these limitations, yet current self-healing hydrogels lack bio-functionality, hindering the morphogenesis of delivered cells into a tissue structure. Here we establish a gelatin (Gtn)-based self-healing hydrogel cross-linked by oxidized dextran (Odex) as an injectable carrier for delivery of endothelial progenitors. The dynamic imine cross-links between Gtn and Odex confer the self-healing ability to the Gtn-l-Odex hydrogels following syringe injection. The self-healing Gtn-l-Odex not only protects the progenitors from injected shear force but it also allows controllable spatial/temporal placement of the cells. Moreover, owing to the cell-adhesive and proteolytic sites of Gtn, the Gtn-l-Odex hydrogels support complex vascular network formation from the endothelial progenitors, both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report of injectable, self-healing hydrogels with biological properties promoting vascular morphogenesis, which holds great promise for accelerating the success of regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology Physical-Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology Physical-Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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16
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PDMS-free microfluidic cell culture with integrated gas supply through a porous membrane of anodized aluminum oxide. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Sreepadmanabh M, Toley BJ. Investigations into the cancer stem cell niche using in-vitro 3-D tumor models and microfluidics. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1094-1110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Lewis DM, Mavrogiannis N, Gagnon Z, Gerecht S. Microfluidic platform for the real time measurement and observation of endothelial barrier function under shear stress. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042202. [PMID: 29861813 PMCID: PMC5953754 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is a quickly advancing field to measure the barrier function of endothelial cells. Most ECIS systems that are commercially available use gold electrodes, which are opaque and do not allow for real-time imaging of cellular responses. In addition, most ECIS systems have a traditional tissue culture Petri-dish set up. This conventional set-up does not allow the introduction of physiologically relevant shear stress, which is crucial for the endothelial cell barrier function. Here, we created a new ECIS micro-bioreactor (MBR) that incorporates a clear electrode made of indium tin oxide in a microfluidic device. Using this device, we demonstrate the ability to monitor the barrier function along culture of cells under varying flow rates. We show that while two cell types align in the direction of flow in responses to high shear stress, they differ in the barrier function. Additionally, we observe a change in the barrier function in response to chemical perturbation. Following exposure to EDTA that disrupts cell-to-cell junctions, we could not observe distinct morphological changes but measured a loss of impedance that could be recovered with EDTA washout. High magnification imaging further demonstrates the loss and recovery of the barrier structure. Overall, we establish an ECIS MBR capable of real-time monitoring of the barrier function and cell morphology under shear stress and allowing high-resolution analysis of the barrier structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Mavrogiannis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Zachary Gagnon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: +1-410-516-2846. Fax: +1-410-516-5510
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19
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Belgorosky D, Fernández-Cabada T, Peñaherrera-Pazmiño AB, Langle Y, Booth R, Bhansali S, Pérez MS, Eiján AM, Lerner B. Analysis of tumoral spheres growing in a multichamber microfluidic device. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6327-6336. [PMID: 29574936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lab on a Chip (LOC) farming systems have emerged as a powerful tool for single cell studies combined with a non-adherent cell culture substrate and single cell capture chips for the study of single cell derived tumor spheres. Cancer is characterized by its cellular heterogeneity where only a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor metastases and recurrences. Thus, the in vitro strategy to the formation of a single cell-derived sphere is an attractive alternative to identify CSCs. In this study, we test the effectiveness of microdevices for analysis of heterogeneity within CSC populations and its interaction with different components of the extracellular matrix. CSC could be identify using specific markers related to its pluripotency and self-renewal characteristics such as the transcription factor Oct-4 or the surface protein CD44. The results confirm the usefulness of LOC as an effective method for quantification of CSC, through the formation of spheres under conditions of low adhesion or growing on components of the extracellular matrix. The device used is also a good alternative for evaluating the individual growth of each sphere and further identification of these CSC markers by immunofluorescence. In conclusion, LOC devices have not only the already known advantages, but they are also a promising tool since they use small amounts of reagents and are under specific culture parameters. LOC devices could be considered as a novel technology to be used as a complement or replacement of traditional studies on culture plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Belgorosky
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Fernández-Cabada
- Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Belén Peñaherrera-Pazmiño
- Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Langle
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Millipore Sigma Corporation, Hayward, California
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Bio-MEMS and Microsystem Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Maximiliano S Pérez
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Bourguignon N, Attallah C, Karp P, Booth R, Peñaherrera A, Payés C, Oggero M, Pérez MS, Helguera G, Lerner B. Production of monoclonal antibodies in microfluidic devices. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:136-144. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bourguignon
- Facultad Regional Haedo, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Provincia de Buenos Aires CP 1706, Argentina
| | - Carolina Attallah
- Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, 3000ZAA, Argentina
| | - Paola Karp
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- MilliporeSigma Corporation, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Ana Peñaherrera
- Facultad Regional Haedo, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Provincia de Buenos Aires CP 1706, Argentina
| | - Cristian Payés
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Marcos Oggero
- Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, 3000ZAA, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano S. Pérez
- Facultad Regional Haedo, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Provincia de Buenos Aires CP 1706, Argentina
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Helguera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Facultad Regional Haedo, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Provincia de Buenos Aires CP 1706, Argentina
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina
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21
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Schulze T, Mattern K, Früh E, Hecht L, Rustenbeck I, Dietzel A. A 3D microfluidic perfusion system made from glass for multiparametric analysis of stimulus-secretioncoupling in pancreatic islets. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 19:47. [PMID: 28540469 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic perfusion systems (MPS) are well suited to perform multiparametric measurements with small amounts of tissue to function as an Organ on Chip device (OOC). Such microphysiolgical characterization is particularly valuable in research on the stimulus-secretion-coupling of pancreatic islets. Pancreatic islets are fully functional competent mini-organs, which serve as fuel sensors and transduce metabolic activity into rates of hormone secretion. To enable the simultaneous measurement of fluorescence and oxygen consumption we designed a microfluidic perfusion system from borosilicate glass by 3D femtosecond laser ablation. Retention of islets was accomplished by a plain well design. The characteristics of flow and shear force in the microchannels and wells were simulated and compared with the measured exchange of the perfusion media. Distribution of latex beads, MIN6 cell pseudo islets and isolated mouse islets in the MPS was characterized in dependence of flow rate and well depth. Overall, the observations suggested that a sufficient retention of the islets at low shear stress, together with sufficient exchange of test medium, was achieved at a well depth of 300 μm and perfusion rates between 40 and 240 μl/min. This enabled multiparametric measurement of oxygen consumption, NAD(P)H autofluorescence, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and insulin secretion by isolated mouse islets. After appropriate correction for different lag times, kinetics of these processes could be compared. Such measurements permit a more precise insight into metabolic changes underlying the regulation of insulin secretion. Thus, rapid prototyping using laser ablation enables flexible adaption of borosilicate MPS designs to different demands of biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Schulze
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Mattern
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eike Früh
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lars Hecht
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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22
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Gencturk E, Mutlu S, Ulgen KO. Advances in microfluidic devices made from thermoplastics used in cell biology and analyses. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:051502. [PMID: 29152025 PMCID: PMC5654984 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon and glass were the main fabrication materials of microfluidic devices, however, plastics are on the rise in the past few years. Thermoplastic materials have recently been used to fabricate microfluidic platforms to perform experiments on cellular studies or environmental monitoring, with low cost disposable devices. This review describes the present state of the development and applications of microfluidic systems used in cell biology and analyses since the year 2000. Cultivation, separation/isolation, detection and analysis, and reaction studies are extensively discussed, considering only microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, fungi, zebra fish, etc.) and mammalian cell related studies in the microfluidic platforms. The advantages/disadvantages, fabrication methods, dimensions, and the purpose of creating the desired system are explained in detail. An important conclusion of this review is that these microfluidic platforms are still open for research and development, and solutions need to be found for each case separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gencturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Mutlu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BUMEMS Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Byrne MB, Leslie MT, Patel HS, Gaskins HR, Kenis PJA. Design considerations for open-well microfluidic platforms for hypoxic cell studies. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:054116. [PMID: 29152027 PMCID: PMC5659862 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Regions of hypoxia are common in solid tumors and are associated with enhanced malignancy, metastasis, and chemo/radio resistance. Real-time hypoxic cellular experimentation is challenging due to the constant need for oxygen control. Most microfluidic platforms developed thus far for hypoxic cell studies are burdened by complex design parameters and are difficult to use for uninitiated investigators. However, open-well microfluidic platforms enable short and long term hypoxic cell studies with an ease of use workflow. Specifically, open-well platforms enable manipulation and addition of cells, media, and reagents using a micropipette for hypoxic cell studies in tunable dissolved oxygen concentrations as low 0.3 mg/l. We analyzed design considerations for open-well microfluidic platforms such as media height, membrane thickness, and impermeable barriers to determine their effects on the amount of dissolved oxygen within the platform. The oxygen concentration was determined by experimental measurements and computational simulations. To examine cell behavior under controlled oxygen conditions, hypoxia-induced changes to hypoxia inducible factor activity and the mitochondrial redox environment were studied. A fluorescent reporter construct was used to monitor the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors 1α and 2α throughout chronic hypoxia. Reporter construct fluorescence intensity inversely correlated with dissolved oxygen in the medium, as expected. Additionally, the glutathione redox poise of the mitochondrial matrix in living cancer cells was monitored throughout acute hypoxia with a genetically encoded redox probe and was observed to undergo a reductive response to hypoxia. Overall, these studies validate an easy to use open-well platform suitable for studying complex cell behaviors in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heeral S Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Super A, Jaccard N, Cardoso Marques MP, Macown RJ, Griffin LD, Veraitch FS, Szita N. Real-time monitoring of specific oxygen uptake rates of embryonic stem cells in a microfluidic cell culture device. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1179-89. [PMID: 27214658 PMCID: PMC5103178 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a key role in stem cell biology as a signaling molecule and as an indicator of cell energy metabolism. Quantification of cellular oxygen kinetics, i.e. the determination of specific oxygen uptake rates (sOURs), is routinely used to understand metabolic shifts. However current methods to determine sOUR in adherent cell cultures rely on cell sampling, which impacts on cellular phenotype. We present real‐time monitoring of cell growth from phase contrast microscopy images, and of respiration using optical sensors for dissolved oxygen. Time‐course data for bulk and peri‐cellular oxygen concentrations obtained for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and mouse embryonic stem cell (mESCs) cultures successfully demonstrated this non‐invasive and label‐free approach. Additionally, we confirmed non‐invasive detection of cellular responses to rapidly changing culture conditions by exposing the cells to mitochondrial inhibiting and uncoupling agents. For the CHO and mESCs, sOUR values between 8 and 60 amol cell−1 s−1, and 5 and 35 amol cell−1 s−1 were obtained, respectively. These values compare favorably with literature data. The capability to monitor oxygen tensions, cell growth, and sOUR, of adherent stem cell cultures, non‐invasively and in real time, will be of significant benefit for future studies in stem cell biology and stem cell‐based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Super
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Jaccard
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rhys Jarred Macown
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Donald Griffin
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farlan Singh Veraitch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abaci HE, Shuler ML. Human-on-a-chip design strategies and principles for physiologically based pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:383-91. [PMID: 25739725 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in maintaining multiple human tissues on microfluidic platforms has led to a growing interest in the development of microphysiological systems for drug development studies. Determination of the proper design principles and scaling rules for body-on-a-chip systems is critical for their strategic incorporation into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model-aided drug development. While the need for a functional design considering organ-organ interactions has been considered, robust design criteria and steps to build such systems have not yet been defined mathematically. In this paper, we first discuss strategies for incorporating body-on-a-chip technology into the current PBPK modeling-based drug discovery to provide a conceptual model. We propose two types of platforms that can be involved in the different stages of PBPK modeling and drug development; these are μOrgans-on-a-chip and μHuman-on-a-chip. Then we establish the design principles for both types of systems and develop parametric design equations that can be used to determine dimensions and operating conditions. In addition, we discuss the availability of the critical parameters required to satisfy the design criteria, consider possible limitations for estimating such parameter values and propose strategies to address such limitations. This paper is intended to be a useful guide to the researchers focused on the design of microphysiological platforms for PBPK/PD based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 115 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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Lewis DM, Abaci HE, Xu Y, Gerecht S. Endothelial progenitor cell recruitment in a microfluidic vascular model. Biofabrication 2015; 7:045010. [PMID: 26693599 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/4/045010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During vessel injury, endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) are recruited from bone marrow and directed to the hypoxic injury site. The hypoxic conditions in the damaged blood vessel promote TNF-α, which upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). EPCs attach to endothelial cell lining using ICAM-1. Here we aimed to examine EPC attachment to ECs in an injured-blood vessel conditions. We first determined ICAM-1 expression in stimulated HUVECs. We stimulated HUVECs with 21% oxygen (atmospheric), atmospheric with TNF-α-supplemented media, 1% oxygen (hypoxia), and hypoxia with TNF-α-supplemented media and found the highest ECFC attachment on HUVECs stimulated with TNF-α and hypoxia, correlating with the highest ICAM-1 expression. We next designed, fabricated and tested a three-dimensional microbioreactor (3D MBR) system with precise control and monitoring of dissolve oxygen and media flow rate in the cellular environment. We utilized a step-wise seeding approach, producing monolayer of HUVECs on all four walls. When stimulated with both TNF-α and hypoxia, ECFC retention on HUVECs was significantly increased under low shear stress compared to static controls. Overall, the 3D MBR system mimics the pathological oxygen tension and shear stress in the damaged vasculature, providing a platform to model vascular-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Aufderheide M, Förster C, Beschay M, Branscheid D, Emura M. A new computer-controlled air-liquid interface cultivation system for the generation of differentiated cell cultures of the airway epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:77-87. [PMID: 26507834 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased application of in vitro systems in pharmacology and toxicology requires cell culture systems that facilitate the cultivation process and ensure stable, reproducible and controllable cultivation conditions. Up to now, some devices have been developed for the cultivation of cells under submersed conditions. However, systems meeting the requirements of an air-liquid interface (ALI) cultivation for the special needs of bronchial epithelial cells for example are still lacking. In order to obtain in vivo like organization and differentiation of these cells they need to be cultivated under ALI conditions on microporous membranes in direct contact with the environmental atmosphere. For this purpose, a Long-Term-Cultivation system was developed (CULTEX(®) LTC-C system) for the computer-controlled cultivation of such cells. The transwell inserts are placed in an incubator module (24 inserts), which can be adjusted for the medium level (ultrasonic pulse-echosensor), time and volume-dependent medium exchange, and frequency for mixing the medium with a rotating disc for homogeneous distribution of medium and secretion components. Normal primary freshly isolated bronchial epithelial cells were cultivated for up to 38 days to show the efficiency of such a cultivation procedure for generating 3D cultures exhibiting in vivo-like pseudostratified organization of the cells as well as differentiation characteristics like mucus-producing and cilia-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Förster
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Morris Beschay
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Detlev Branscheid
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Makito Emura
- Cultex Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Hielscher A, Gerecht S. Hypoxia and free radicals: role in tumor progression and the use of engineering-based platforms to address these relationships. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:281-91. [PMID: 25257256 PMCID: PMC4339408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of all solid tumors, contributing to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Through stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), hypoxia activates the transcription of a number of genes that sustain tumor progression. Since the seminal discovery of HIF-1α as a hypoxia-responsive master regulator of numerous genes and transcription factors, several groups have reported a novel mechanism whereby hypoxia mediates stabilization of HIF-1α. This process occurs as a result of hypoxia-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, stabilize the expression of HIF-1α. As a result, a number of genes regulating tumor growth are expressed, fueling ongoing tumor progression. In this review, we outline a role for hypoxia in generating ROS and additionally define the mechanisms contributing to ROS-induced stabilization of HIF-1α.We further explore how ROS-induced HIF-1α stabilization contributes to tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy response. We discuss a future outlook, describing novel therapeutic approaches for attenuating ROS production while considering how these strategies should be carefully selected when combining with chemotherapeutic agents. As engineering-based approaches have been more frequently utilized to address biological questions, we discuss opportunities whereby engineering techniques may be employed to better understand the physical and biochemical factors controlling ROS expression. It is anticipated that an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the hypoxia/ROS/HIF-1α axis in tumor progression will yield the development of better targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hielscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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30
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Chang KT, Chang YJ, Chen CL, Wang YN. Multichannel lens-free CMOS sensors for real-time monitoring of cell growth. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:413-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Tung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yao-Nan Wang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
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Methods to study the tumor microenvironment under controlled oxygen conditions. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:556-563. [PMID: 25282035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex heterogeneous assembly composed of a variety of cell types and physical features. One such feature, hypoxia, is associated with metabolic reprogramming, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and therapeutic resistance. Many questions remain regarding the effects of hypoxia on these outcomes; however, only a few experimental methods enable both precise control over oxygen concentration and real-time imaging of cell behavior. Recent efforts with microfluidic platforms offer a promising solution to these limitations. In this review, we discuss conventional methods and tools used to control oxygen concentration for cell studies, and then highlight recent advances in microfluidic-based approaches for controlling oxygen in engineered platforms.
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32
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Acosta MA, Jiang X, Huang PK, Cutler KB, Grant CS, Walker GM, Gamcsik MP. A microfluidic device to study cancer metastasis under chronic and intermittent hypoxia. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:054117. [PMID: 25584114 PMCID: PMC4290574 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells must traverse a microenvironment ranging from extremely hypoxic, within the tumor, to highly oxygenated, within the host's vasculature. Tumor hypoxia can be further characterized by regions of both chronic and intermittent hypoxia. We present the design and characterization of a microfluidic device that can simultaneously mimic the oxygenation conditions observed within the tumor and model the cell migration and intravasation processes. This device can generate spatial oxygen gradients of chronic hypoxia and produce dynamically changing hypoxic microenvironments in long-term culture of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Acosta
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Xiao Jiang
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Pin-Kang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Kyle B Cutler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine , 1002 Health Services Road, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Christine S Grant
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Glenn M Walker
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Michael P Gamcsik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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Abstract
Oxygen is vital for the existence of all multicellular organisms, acting as a signalling molecule regulating cellular activities. Specifically, hypoxia, which occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen falls below 5%, plays a pivotal role during development, regeneration and cancer. Here we report a novel hypoxia-inducible (HI) hydrogel composed of gelatin and ferulic acid that can form hydrogel networks via oxygen consumption in a laccase-mediated reaction. Oxygen levels and gradients within the hydrogels can be accurately controlled and precisely predicted. We demonstrate that HI hydrogels guide vascular morphogenesis in vitro via hypoxia-inducible factors activation of matrix metalloproteinases and promote rapid neovascularization from the host tissue during subcutaneous wound healing. The HI hydrogel is a new class of biomaterials that may prove useful in many applications, ranging from fundamental studies of developmental, regenerative and disease processes through the engineering of healthy and diseased tissue models towards the treatment of hypoxia-regulated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- 1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Recapitulating physiological and pathological shear stress and oxygen to model vasculature in health and disease. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4951. [PMID: 24818558 PMCID: PMC4018609 DOI: 10.1038/srep04951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying human vascular disease in conventional cell cultures and in animal models does not effectively mimic the complex vascular microenvironment and may not accurately predict vascular responses in humans. We utilized a microfluidic device to recapitulate both shear stress and O2 levels in health and disease, establishing a microfluidic vascular model (μVM). Maintaining human endothelial cells (ECs) in healthy-mimicking conditions resulted in conversion to a physiological phenotype namely cell elongation, reduced proliferation, lowered angiogenic gene expression and formation of actin cortical rim and continuous barrier. We next examined the responses of the healthy μVM to a vasotoxic cancer drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), in comparison with an in vivo mouse model. We found that 5-FU does not induce apoptosis rather vascular hyperpermeability, which can be alleviated by Resveratrol treatment. This effect was confirmed by in vivo findings identifying a vasoprotecting strategy by the adjunct therapy of 5-FU with Resveratrol. The μVM of ischemic disease demonstrated the transition of ECs from a quiescent to an activated state, with higher proliferation rate, upregulation of angiogenic genes, and impaired barrier integrity. The μVM offers opportunities to study and predict human ECs with physiologically relevant phenotypes in healthy, pathological and drug-treated environments.
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Garza-García LD, García-López E, Camacho-León S, Del Refugio Rocha-Pizaña M, López-Pacheco F, López-Meza J, Araiz-Hernández D, Tapia-Mejía EJ, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Rodríguez-González CA, Alvarez MM. Continuous flow micro-bioreactors for the production of biopharmaceuticals: the effect of geometry, surface texture, and flow rate. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1320-1329. [PMID: 24519447 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We used continuous flow micro-devices as bioreactors for the production of a glycosylated pharmaceutical product (a monoclonal antibody). We cultured CHO cells on the surface of PMMA/PDMS micro-channels that had been textured by micromachining and coated with fibronectin. Three different micro-channel geometries (a wavy channel, a zigzag channel, and a series of donut-shape reservoirs) were tested in a continuous flow regime in the range of 3 to 6 μL min(-1). Both the geometry of the micro-device and the flow rate had a significant effect on cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and monoclonal antibody production. The most efficient configuration was a series of donut-shaped reservoirs, which yielded mAb concentrations of 7.2 mg L(-1) at residence times lower than one minute and steady-state productivities above 9 mg mL(-1) min(-1). These rates are at about 3 orders of magnitude higher than those observed in suspended-cell stirred tank fed-batch bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía D Garza-García
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza-Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., México.
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Jaccard N, Macown RJ, Super A, Griffin LD, Veraitch FS, Szita N. Automated and online characterization of adherent cell culture growth in a microfabricated bioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:437-43. [PMID: 24692228 PMCID: PMC4230958 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214529288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adherent cell lines are widely used across all fields of biology, including drug discovery, toxicity studies, and regenerative medicine. However, adherent cell processes are often limited by a lack of advances in cell culture systems. While suspension culture processes benefit from decades of development of instrumented bioreactors, adherent cultures are typically performed in static, noninstrumented flasks and well-plates. We previously described a microfabricated bioreactor that enables a high degree of control on the microenvironment of the cells while remaining compatible with standard cell culture protocols. In this report, we describe its integration with automated image-processing capabilities, allowing the continuous monitoring of key cell culture characteristics. A machine learning–based algorithm enabled the specific detection of one cell type within a co-culture setting, such as human embryonic stem cells against the background of fibroblast cells. In addition, the algorithm did not confuse image artifacts resulting from microfabrication, such as scratches on surfaces, or dust particles, with cellular features. We demonstrate how the automation of flow control, environmental control, and image acquisition can be employed to image the whole culture area and obtain time-course data of mouse embryonic stem cell cultures, for example, for confluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jaccard
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rhys J Macown
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Super
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lewis D Griffin
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Farlan S Veraitch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Kusuma S, Peijnenburg E, Patel P, Gerecht S. Low oxygen tension enhances endothelial fate of human pluripotent stem cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:913-20. [PMID: 24526696 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A critical regulator of the developing or regenerating vasculature is low oxygen tension. Precise elucidation of the role of low oxygen environments on endothelial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells necessitates controlled in vitro differentiation environments. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used a feeder-free, 2-dimensional differentiation system in which we could monitor accurately dissolved oxygen levels during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward early vascular cells (EVCs). We found that oxygen uptake rate of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells is lower in 5% O2 compared with atmospheric conditions. EVCs differentiated in 5% O2 had an increased vascular endothelial cadherin expression with clusters of vascular endothelial cadherin+ cells surrounded by platelet-derived growth factor β+ cells. When we assessed the temporal effects of low oxygen differentiation environments, we determined that low oxygen environments during the early stages of EVC differentiation enhance endothelial lineage commitment. EVCs differentiated in 5% O2 exhibited an increased expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and CD31 along with their localization to the membrane, enhanced lectin binding and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, rapid cord-like structure formation, and increased expression of arterial endothelial cell markers. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation during the early stages of differentiation abrogated the endothelial inductive effects of the low oxygen environments. CONCLUSIONS Low oxygen tension during early stages of EVC derivation induces endothelial commitment and maturation through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, highlighting the importance of regulating oxygen tensions during human pluripotent stem cell-vascular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanti Kusuma
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (S.K., P.P., S.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.K.), Cellular and Molecular Biology (E.P.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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38
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Ochs CJ, Kasuya J, Pavesi A, Kamm RD. Oxygen levels in thermoplastic microfluidic devices during cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:459-62. [PMID: 24302467 PMCID: PMC4305448 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a computational model to predict oxygen levels in microfluidic plastic devices during cell culture. This model is based on experimental evaluation of oxygen levels. Conditions are determined that provide adequate oxygen supply to two cell types, hepatocytes and endothelial cells, either by diffusion through the plastic device, or by supplying a low flow rate of medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Ochs
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602
| | - Junichi Kasuya
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, NE47-321, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, NE47-321, Cambridge, MA, 02139
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Smith Q, Gerecht S. Going with the flow: microfluidic platforms in vascular tissue engineering. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2014; 3:42-50. [PMID: 24644533 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs, requiring the transport of oxygen, nutrients and waste through a thick and cellular dense meshwork, continues to hamper the success of the technology in addressing the donor organ shortage crisis. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional in vitro platforms utilized by tissue engineers, to understand how the complex cellular microenvironment directs vascular cell behavior and functionality. In this review, the essence of microfluidic technology and transport phenomenon that make them unique for vascular tissue engineering will be briefly introduced. The main scope of this review is to expose how new and innovative microfluidic fabrication techniques are being utilized for exciting applications that have allowed insight into the spatio/temporal dynamics of vascular cell behavior. Specifically, microfluidic devices which range in functionality from simultaneously controlling oxygen and shear stress levels to perfusable biopolymer networks, will be discussed in the context of how they bolster traditional in vitro platforms, by providing greater data output, accessibility, and physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
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ABACI HASANE, DRAZER GERMAN, GERECHT SHARON. RECAPITULATING THE VASCULAR MICROENVIRONMENT IN MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984413400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature is regulated by various chemical and mechanical factors. Reproducing these factors in vitro is crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases and the development of new therapeutics and delivery techniques. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities to precisely control the level, duration and extent of various cues, providing unprecedented capabilities to recapitulate the vascular microenvironment. In the first part of this article, we review existing microfluidic technology that is capable of controlling both chemical and mechanical factors regulating the vascular microenvironment. In particular, we focus on micro-systems developed for controlling key parameters such as oxygen tension, co-culture, shear stress, cyclic stretch and flow patterns. In the second part of this article, we highlight recent advances that resulted from the use of these microfluidic devices for vascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- HASAN E. ABACI
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences — Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - GERMAN DRAZER
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - SHARON GERECHT
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences — Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Reliable permeability assay system in a microfluidic device mimicking cerebral vasculatures. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 14:1141-8. [PMID: 22821236 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since most of the bioavailable drugs are impermeable through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), development of a rapid and reliable permeability assay system has been a challenge in drug discovery targeting central nervous system (CNS). Here, we designed a microfluidic device to monitor the drug permeability into the CNS. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were shortly (2 ~ 3 h) incubated with astrocyte-conditioned medium after being trapped on microholes in the microfluidic device and tested for chip-based permeability measurement of drugs. The measured permeability values were highly correlated with those measured by conventional in vitro methods and the brain uptake index representing the quantity of transported substances across the in vivo BBB of rats. Using the microfluidic device, we could easily monitor the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the trans-endothelial permeability, which are consistent with the finding that the same treatment disrupted the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells. Considering relatively short period of time needed for endothelial cell culture and ability to monitor the BBB physiology continuously, we propose that this novel system can be used as an invaluable first-line tool for CNS-related drug development.
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Garza-García LD, Carrillo-Cocom LM, Araiz-Hernández D, Soto-Vázquez P, López-Meza J, Tapia-Mejía EJ, Camacho-León S, García-López E, Rodríguez-González CA, Alvarez MM. A biopharmaceutical plant on a chip: continuous micro-devices for the production of monoclonal antibodies. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1243-1246. [PMID: 23412111 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a proof-of-principle for the use of micro-devices as continuous bioreactors for the production of monoclonal antibodies. We culture CHO cells on the surface of PMMA "zigzag" channels textured with semi-spherical cavities coated with fibronectin, observing steady-state productivities 100 times higher than those observed in full scale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía D Garza-García
- Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Ave. Eugenio Garza-Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México
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Hielscher AC, Gerecht S. Engineering approaches for investigating tumor angiogenesis: exploiting the role of the extracellular matrix. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6089-96. [PMID: 23172313 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major paradigm shift in cancer research is the emergence of multidisciplinary approaches to investigate complex cell behaviors, to elucidate regulatory mechanisms and to identify therapeutic targets. Recently, efforts are focused on the engineering of complex in vitro models, which more accurately recapitulate the growth and progression of cancer. These strategies have proven vital for investigating and targeting the events that control tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we explore how the emerging engineering approaches are being used to unlock the complex mechanisms regulating tumor angiogenesis. Emphasis is placed on models using natural and synthetic biomaterials to generate scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix, which is known to play a critical role in angiogenesis. While the models presented in this review are revolutionary, improvements are still necessary and concepts for advancing and perfecting engineering approaches for modeling tumor angiogenesis are proposed. Overall, the marriage between disparate scientific fields is expected to yield significant improvements in our understanding and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Hielscher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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