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Li H, Li J, Zhang Z, Guo Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Guo Q, Li C, Li C, Yao J, Zheng A, Xu J, Gao Q, Zhang W, Zhou L. Integrated microdevice with a windmill-like hole array for the clog-free, efficient, and self-mixing enrichment of circulating tumor cells. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35251688 PMCID: PMC8844004 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have tremendous potential to indicate disease progression and monitor therapeutic response using minimally invasive approaches. Considering the limitations of affinity strategies based on their cost, effectiveness, and simplicity, size-based enrichment methods that involve low-cost, label-free, and relatively simple protocols have been further promoted. Nevertheless, the key challenges of these methods are clogging issues and cell aggregation, which reduce the recovery rates and purity. Inspired by the natural phenomenon that the airflow around a windmill is disturbed, in this study, a windmill-like hole array on the SU-8 membrane was designed to perturb the fluid such that cells in a fluid would be able to self-mix and that the pressure acting on cells or the membrane would be dispersed to allow a greater velocity. In addition, based on the advantages of fluid coatings, a lipid coating was used to modify the membrane surface to prevent cell aggregation and clogging of the holes. Under the optimal conditions, recovery rates of 93% and 90% were found for A549 and HeLa cells in a clinical simulation test of our platform with a CTC concentration of 20-100 cells per milliliter of blood. The white blood cell (WBC) depletion rate was 98.7% (n = 15), and the CTC detection limit was less than 10 cells per milliliter of blood (n = 6). Moreover, compared with conventional membrane filtration, the advantages of the proposed device for the rapid (2 mL/min) and efficient enrichment of CTCs without clogging were shown both experimentally and theoretically. Due to its advantages in the efficient, rapid, uniform, and clog-free enrichment of CTCs, our platform offers great potential for metastatic detection and therapy analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Jinze Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, 528000 Foshan, China
| | - Changsong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 215153 Suzhou, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518000 Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Suzhou CASENS Co., Ltd, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Anran Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Qingxue Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Suzhou CASENS Co., Ltd, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Jinan Guoke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, 250001 Jinan, China
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Wu TH, Wu CH, Huang CJ, Chang YC. Anticlogging Hemofiltration Device for Mass Collection of Circulating Tumor Cells by Ligand-Free Size Selection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3399-3409. [PMID: 33689353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new hemofiltration system was developed to continuously capture circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a large volume of whole blood using a column that was packed with antifouling zwitterionized silica microspheres. The silica microspheres were modified with sulfobetaine silane (SBSi) to inhibit fouling, resist clogging, and give a high surface wettability and prolonged operation time. Packed microspheres with different diameters formed size-controllable interstitial pores that effectively captured CTCs by ligand-free size selection. For optimized performance of the hemofiltration system, operational factors, including the size of microspheres, flow rate, and cross-sectional area of the column, were considered with respect to the removal rate for colorectal cancer cells and the retention rate for white blood cells and red blood cells. The captured CTCs were collected from the column by density sedimentation. A large quantity of colorectal cancer cells was spiked into sheep blood, and the sample was circulated for 5 h with a total operational volume of 2 L followed by collection and culture in vitro. The results showed that the proposed hemofiltration device selectively removed abundant CTCs from in vitro circulatory blood. The viable cells were harvested for amplification and potential applications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li City 32023, Taiwan
- NCU-DSM Research Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Iliescu FS, Poenar DP, Yu F, Ni M, Chan KH, Cima I, Taylor HK, Cima I, Iliescu C. Recent advances in microfluidic methods in cancer liquid biopsy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:041503. [PMID: 31431816 PMCID: PMC6697033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection, its monitoring, and therapeutical prediction are highly valuable, though extremely challenging targets in oncology. Significant progress has been made recently, resulting in a group of devices and techniques that are now capable of successfully detecting, interpreting, and monitoring cancer biomarkers in body fluids. Precise information about malignancies can be obtained from liquid biopsies by isolating and analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids, tumor-derived vesicles or proteins, and metabolites. The current work provides a general overview of the latest on-chip technological developments for cancer liquid biopsy. Current challenges for their translation and their application in various clinical settings are discussed. Microfluidic solutions for each set of biomarkers are compared, and a global overview of the major trends and ongoing research challenges is given. A detailed analysis of the microfluidic isolation of CTCs with recent efforts that aimed at increasing purity and capture efficiency is provided as well. Although CTCs have been the focus of a vast microfluidic research effort as the key element for obtaining relevant information, important clinical insights can also be achieved from alternative biomarkers, such as classical protein biomarkers, exosomes, or circulating-free nucleic acids. Finally, while most work has been devoted to the analysis of blood-based biomarkers, we highlight the less explored potential of urine as an ideal source of molecular cancer biomarkers for point-of-care lab-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina S. Iliescu
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Daniel P. Poenar
- VALENS-Centre for Bio Devices and Signal Analysis, School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fang Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ni
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Technological University, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100105, Ecuador
| | - Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | | | - Hayden K. Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Igor Cima
- DKFZ-Division of Translational Oncology/Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
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S Iliescu F, Sim WJ, Heidari H, P Poenar D, Miao J, Taylor HK, Iliescu C. Highlighting the uniqueness in dielectrophoretic enrichment of circulating tumor cells. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1457-1477. [PMID: 30676660 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play an essential role in the metastasis of tumors, and thus can serve as a valuable prognostic factor for malignant diseases. As a result, the ability to isolate and characterize CTCs is essential. This review underlines the potential of dielectrophoresis for CTCs enrichment. It begins by summarizing the key performance parameters and challenges of CTCs isolation using microfluidics. The two main categories of CTCs enrichment-affinity-based and label-free methods-are analysed, emphasising the advantages and disadvantages of each as well as their clinical potential. While the main argument in favour of affinity-based methods is the strong specificity of CTCs isolation, the major advantage of the label-free technologies is in preserving the integrity of the cellular membrane, an essential requirement for downstream characterization. Moving forward, we try to answer the main question: "What makes dielectrophoresis a method of choice in CTCs isolation?" The uniqueness of dielectrophoretic CTCs enrichment resides in coupling the specificity of the isolation process with the conservation of the membrane surface. The specificity of the dielectrophoretic method stems from the differences in the dielectric properties between CTCs and other cells in the blood: the capacitances of the malignantly transformed cellular membranes of CTCs differ from those of other cells. Examples of dielectrophoretic devices are described and their performance evaluated. Critical requirements for using dielectrophoresis to isolate CTCs are highlighted. Finally, we consider that DEP has the potential of becoming a cytometric method for large-scale sorting and characterization of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Jing Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hossein Heidari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Poenar
- VALENS-Centre for Bio Devices and Signal Analysis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hayden K Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research & Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Fachin F, Spuhler P, Martel-Foley JM, Edd JF, Barber TA, Walsh J, Karabacak M, Pai V, Yu M, Smith K, Hwang H, Yang J, Shah S, Yarmush R, Sequist LV, Stott SL, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Kapur R, Toner M. Monolithic Chip for High-throughput Blood Cell Depletion to Sort Rare Circulating Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10936. [PMID: 28883519 PMCID: PMC5589885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a treasure trove of information regarding the location, type and stage of cancer and are being pursued as both a diagnostic target and a means of guiding personalized treatment. Most isolation technologies utilize properties of the CTCs themselves such as surface antigens (e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule or EpCAM) or size to separate them from blood cell populations. We present an automated monolithic chip with 128 multiplexed deterministic lateral displacement devices containing ~1.5 million microfabricated features (12 µm-50 µm) used to first deplete red blood cells and platelets. The outputs from these devices are serially integrated with an inertial focusing system to line up all nucleated cells for multi-stage magnetophoresis to remove magnetically-labeled white blood cells. The monolithic CTC-iChip enables debulking of blood samples at 15-20 million cells per second while yielding an output of highly purified CTCs. We quantified the size and EpCAM expression of over 2,500 CTCs from 38 patient samples obtained from breast, prostate, lung cancers, and melanoma. The results show significant heterogeneity between and within single patients. Unbiased, rapid, and automated isolation of CTCs using monolithic CTC-iChip will enable the detailed measurement of their physicochemical and biological properties and their role in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fachin
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Philipp Spuhler
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Joseph M Martel-Foley
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Jon F Edd
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Thomas A Barber
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - John Walsh
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Murat Karabacak
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Vincent Pai
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Melissa Yu
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Kyle Smith
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Henry Hwang
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Sahil Shah
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Ruby Yarmush
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Shannon L Stott
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Ravi Kapur
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA.
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6
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Cognart HA, Chang CP. Negative Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells in Blood Using a Microfluidic Chip. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1547:167-174. [PMID: 28044295 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6734-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The enumeration and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an increasing interest for monitoring disease progression or response to treatment, specifically as a companion diagnostic for new anticancer drugs, and for research into the mechanisms of disease progression and metastases. Ideally, CTCs would be enriched from very small samples, with minimal handling, high recovery, and no requirement for the expression of specific surface markers. Here, we describe negative enrichment as the preferred approach for cancer cell isolation using a microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamizah A Cognart
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris, France.
| | - Chia-Pin Chang
- BioElectronics Programme, Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Science Park Road, Singapore, 117528, Singapore
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7
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An integrated on-chip platform for negative enrichment of tumour cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:153-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Bhuvanendran Nair Gourikutty S, Chang CP, Puiu PD. Microfluidic immunomagnetic cell separation from whole blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1011:77-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Ex Vivo Culture of CTCs: An Emerging Resource to Guide Cancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2411-5. [PMID: 25998619 PMCID: PMC4470788 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With increasing application of targeted therapies and the development of acquired resistance, much attention is being focused on developing in vitro and in vivo patient-specific tumor models for individualized therapeutic evaluation of cancers. Circulating tumor cells provide a source of noninvasively and sequentially sampled invasive cancer cells suitable for propagation in vitro. We review the advantages and challenges associated with ex vivo culture of tumor cells circulating in the blood of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
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10
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Sajay BNG, Chang CP, Ahmad H, Khuntontong P, Wong CC, Wang Z, Puiu PD, Soo R, Rahman ARA. Microfluidic platform for negative enrichment of circulating tumor cells. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 16:537-48. [PMID: 24668439 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Negative enrichment is the preferred approach for tumor cell isolation as it does not rely on biomarker expression. However, size-based negative enrichment methods suffer from well-known recovery/purity trade-off. Non-size based methods have a number of processing steps that lead to compounded cell loss due to extensive sample processing and handling which result in a low recovery efficiency. We present a method that performs negative enrichment in two steps from 2 ml of whole blood in a total assay processing time of 60 min. This negative enrichment method employs upstream immunomagnetic depletion to deplete CD45-positive WBCs followed by a microfabricated filter membrane to perform chemical-free RBC depletion and target cells isolation. Experiments of spiking two cell lines, MCF-7 and NCI-H1975, in the whole blood show an average of >90 % cell recovery over a range of spiked cell numbers. We also successfully recovered circulating tumor cells from 15 cancer patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanendran Nair Gourikutty Sajay
- BioElectronics Programme, Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Science Park Road, Singapore, 117528, Singapore
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11
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Mahmood MAI, Wan Y, Islam M, Ali W, Hanif M, Kim YT, Iqbal SM. Micro+nanotexturing of substrates to enhance ligand-assisted cancer cell isolation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:475102. [PMID: 25379988 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/47/475102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a simple approach to create a two-tiered surface for superior cancer cell isolation. The idea is inspired by the interactions of cells with a nanotextured basement membrane. The texture mimicked the extracellular matrix and basement membrane for superior target cell adhesion. Prepared micro+nanotextured surfaces showed enhanced cell capture. Preparation of the two-tiered surface was done using micro- and nanotexturing and was easily reproducible. It has been shown before that the larger surface area of a nanotextured surface assists the cell's attachment through surface-anchored ligands. Taking it a step further, ligand functionalized two-level micro+nanotextured surfaces improved the sensitivity of the cancer cell isolation over simple flat nanotexturing. The isolation efficiency increased by 208% compared to the surface with a single-level nanotexture. The two-tiered surface was compatible with previously reported nanotextured devices used for cancer cell isolation. Micro-texture on the glass surface was created using simple sand gritting, followed by reactive ion etching (RIE) of the entire surface. The approach could create large surface areas within a short time while maintaining superior cell isolation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Arif I Mahmood
- Nano-Bio Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, USA. Nanotechnology Research Center, Shimadzu Institute for Research Technologies, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, USA
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12
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Lee A, Park J, Lim M, Sunkara V, Kim SY, Kim GH, Kim MH, Cho YK. All-in-one centrifugal microfluidic device for size-selective circulating tumor cell isolation with high purity. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11349-56. [PMID: 25317565 DOI: 10.1021/ac5035049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have gained increasing attention owing to their roles in cancer recurrence and progression. Due to the rarity of CTCs in the bloodstream, an enrichment process is essential for effective target cell characterization. However, in a typical pressure-driven microfluidic system, the enrichment process generally requires complicated equipment and long processing times. Furthermore, the commonly used immunoaffinity-based positive selection method is limited, as its recovery rate relies on EpCAM expression of target CTCs, which shows heterogeneity among cell types. Here, we propose a centrifugal-force-based size-selective CTC isolation platform that can isolate and enumerate CTCs from whole blood within 30 s with high purity. The device was validated using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line spiked in phosphate-buffered saline and whole blood, and an average capture efficiency of 61% was achieved, which is typical for size-based filtration. The capture efficiency for whole blood samples varied from 44% to 84% under various flow conditions and dilution factors. Under the optimized operating conditions, a few hundred white blood cells per 1 mL of whole blood were captured, representing a 20-fold decrease compared to those obtained using a commercialized size-based CTC isolation device. In clinical validation, normalized CTC counts varied from 10 to 60 per 7.5 mL of blood from gastric and lung cancer patients, yielding a detection rate of 50% and 38%, respectively. Overall, our CTC isolation device enables rapid and label-free isolation of CTCs with high purity, which should greatly improve downstream molecular analyses of captured CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
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