1
|
Liu X, Zhou X, Li X, Wei Y, Wang T, Liu S, Yang H, Sun X. Saliva Analysis Based on Microfluidics: Focusing the Wide Spectrum of Target Analyte. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38039145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2287656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is one of the most critical human body fluids that can reflect the state of the human body. The detection of saliva is of great significance for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Microfluidics, characterized by microscale size and high integration, is an ideal platform for the development of rapid and low-cost disease diagnostic techniques and devices. Microfluidic-based saliva testing methods have aroused considerable interest due to the increasing need for noninvasive testing and frequent or long-term testing. This review briefly described the significance of saliva analysis and generally classified the targets in saliva detection into pathogenic microorganisms, inorganic substances, and organic substances. By using this classification as a benchmark, the state-of-the-art research results on microfluidic detection of various substances in saliva were summarized. This work also put forward the challenges and future development directions of microfluidic detection methods for saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixuan Wei
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verscheure E, Stierum R, Schlünssen V, Lund Würtz AM, Vanneste D, Kogevinas M, Harding BN, Broberg K, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Erdem JS, Das MK, Makris KC, Konstantinou C, Andrianou X, Dekkers S, Morris L, Pronk A, Godderis L, Ghosh M. Characterization of the internal working-life exposome using minimally and non-invasive sampling methods - a narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117001. [PMID: 37683788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, we are moving away from the 'one exposure, one disease'-approach in occupational settings and towards a more comprehensive approach, taking into account the totality of exposures during a life course by using an exposome approach. Taking an exposome approach however is accompanied by many challenges, one of which, for example, relates to the collection of biological samples. Methods used for sample collection in occupational exposome studies should ideally be minimally invasive, while at the same time sensitive, and enable meaningful repeated sampling in a large population and over a longer time period. This might be hampered in specific situations e.g., people working in remote areas, during pandemics or with flexible work hours. In these situations, using self-sampling techniques might offer a solution. Therefore, our aim was to identify existing self-sampling techniques and to evaluate the applicability of these techniques in an occupational exposome context by conducting a literature review. We here present an overview of current self-sampling methodologies used to characterize the internal exposome. In addition, the use of different biological matrices was evaluated and subdivided based on their level of invasiveness and applicability in an occupational exposome context. In conclusion, this review and the overview of self-sampling techniques presented herein can serve as a guide in the design of future (occupational) exposome studies while circumventing sample collection challenges associated with exposome studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verscheure
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorian Vanneste
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara N Harding
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mrinal K Das
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Corina Konstantinou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Xanthi Andrianou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Susan Dekkers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar V, Mukherjee J, Sinha SK, Ghosh U. Combined electromechanically driven pulsating flow of nonlinear viscoelastic fluids in narrow confinements. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210876. [PMID: 35382577 PMCID: PMC8984355 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled microscale transport is at the core of many scientific and technological advancements, including medical diagnostics, separation of biomolecules, etc., and often involves complex fluids. One of the challenges in this regard is to actuate flows at small scales in an energy efficient manner, given the strong viscous forces opposing fluid motion. We try to address this issue here by probing a combined time-periodic pressure and electrokinetically driven flow of a viscoelastic fluid obeying the simplified linear Phan-Thien-Tanner model, using numerical as well as asymptotic tools, in view of the fact that oscillatory fields are less energy intensive. We establish that the interplay between oscillatory electrical and mechanical forces can lead to complex temporal mass flow rate variations with short-term bursts and peaks in the flow rate. We further demonstrate that an oscillatory pressure gradient or an electric field, in tandem with another steady actuating force can indeed change the net throughput significantly-a paradigm that is not realized in Newtonian or other simpler polymeric liquids. Our results reveal that the extent of augmentation in the flow rate strongly depends on the frequency of the imposed actuating forces along with their waveforms. We also evaluate the streaming potential resulting from an oscillatory pressure-driven flow and illustrate that akin to the volume throughput, the streaming potential also shows complex temporal variations, while its time average gets augmented in the presence of a time-periodic pressure gradient in a nonlinear viscoelastic medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India
| | - Joydeb Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sudipta Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India
| | - Uddipta Ghosh
- Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Direct Use of a Saliva-Collected Cotton Swab in Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Cotinine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040214. [PMID: 35448274 PMCID: PMC9029424 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The detection of salivary cotinine is useful for convenient smoking tests in spite of the high background effect of saliva. For precise results, the conventional salivary cotinine analysis for smoking detection requires complex pretreatment processes. Hence, in this study, we developed a modified paper-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), termed “gap-LFIA”, for the direct application of saliva collected using cotton swabs for on-site detection. The gap-LFIA was constructed by modifying a conventional LFIA sensor, where the sample pad was divided to have a 3 mm gap. A saliva-collected cotton swab was inserted into the gap, and then, a buffer solution was added to the outer sample pad to dilute the saliva automatically. The gap-LFIA reduced the interference in salivary samples and showed improved signals, allowing for using the whole saliva directly without additional steps. Further, the deviation of results using a strip was less than that when the saliva was not diluted in a conventional cotinine kit, and it helped to distinguish between smokers and non-smokers more clearly in 15 min. This method of automatic dilution may apply to various clinical samples, including blood and serum, for direct application in future detections.
Collapse
|
5
|
Iria I, Soares RRG, Brás EJS, Chu V, Gonçalves J, Conde JP. Accurate and rapid microfluidic ELISA to monitor Infliximab titers in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Analyst 2022; 147:480-488. [PMID: 35023516 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01810h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe disorders that involve chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting more than 6.8 million people worldwide. Biological therapy is used in the most severe cases of IBD where anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antibodies are the first choice for a biological treatment. When administrated to patients, these antibodies interact with TNF-α, usually overexpressed in these diseases, neutralizing its biological activity. Because of the chronic nature of these diseases, a recurring administration of the therapeutic antibodies is required, thus making therapy monitorization essential for the correct management of these diseases. The aim of this work is the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microfluidic biosensor to quantify the therapeutic antibodies in IBD patient plasma samples, where the commercial monoclonal antibody Infliximab (IFX) is used as a model target. By providing a faster and more accurate measurement of IFX, the proposed method leads to improved therapy scheduling and a reduced risk of endogenous anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) reducing the efficacy of the treatment. The time needed between sample insertion and result output for the microfluidic ELISA (mELISA) is 24 minutes, drastically shorter than the time required by the conventional ELISA (cELISA). The mELISA presented in this work has a LoD of 0.026 μg mL-1, while commercially available solutions provide a LoD of 0.15 μg mL-1. Results acquired by the mELISA are highly correlated with the results obtained from the cELISA (r = 0.998; R2 = 0.996; p < 0.0001), demonstrating the validity of the microfluidic approach for the quantification of IFX from patient plasma and its potential for use at the point-of-care (POC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Iria
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal. .,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruben R G Soares
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal. .,IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J S Brás
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal. .,IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João P Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal. .,Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fiocchi C, Dragoni G, Iliopoulos D, Katsanos K, Ramirez VH, Suzuki K, Torres J, Scharl M. Results of the Seventh Scientific Workshop of ECCO: Precision Medicine in IBD-What, Why, and How. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1410-1430. [PMID: 33733656 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases that affect modern humans fall in the category of complex diseases, thus called because they result from a combination of multiple aetiological and pathogenic factors. Regardless of the organ or system affected, complex diseases present major challenges in diagnosis, classification, and management. Current forms of therapy are usually applied in an indiscriminate fashion based on clinical information, but even the most advanced drugs only benefit a limited number of patients and to a variable and unpredictable degree. This 'one measure does not fit all' situation has spurred the notion that therapy for complex disease should be tailored to individual patients or groups of patients, giving rise to the notion of 'precision medicine' [PM]. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a prototypical complex disease where the need for PM has become increasingly clear. This prompted the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation to focus the Seventh Scientific Workshop on this emerging theme. The articles in this special issue of the Journal address the various complementary aspects of PM in IBD, including what PM is; why it is needed and how it can be used; how PM can contribute to prediction and prevention of IBD; how IBD PM can aid in prognosis and improve response to therapy; and the challenges and future directions of PM in IBD. This first article of this series is structured on three simple concepts [what, why, and how] and addresses the definition of PM, discusses the rationale for the need of PM in IBD, and outlines the methodology required to implement PM in IBD in a correct and clinically meaningful way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gabriele Dragoni
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence,Italy.,IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence,Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina School of Health Sciences, Ioannina,Greece
| | - Vicent Hernandez Ramirez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xerencia Xestión Integrada de Vigo, and Research Group in Digestive Diseases, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute [IIS Galicia Sur], SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,USA
| | | | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Ramdzan AN, Almeida MIG, McCullough MJ, Segundo MA, Kolev SD. Determination of salivary cotinine as tobacco smoking biomarker. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
9
|
Yoshikawa H, Yoshinaga M, Tamiya E. An optical pickup enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a microfluidic disk. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14510-14514. [PMID: 35540764 PMCID: PMC9082109 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated optical pickup ELISA with an original microfluidic disk that contains eight radially arranged channels, which enable semi-automatic sample loading and washing. This disk-shaped chip composed of acrylic plates was fabricated by CO2 laser machining and capture antibodies were immobilized in the channels. After the immunoreaction with antigens and enzyme-linked secondary antibodies, an enzyme-catalyzed nanoaggregation of o-phenylenediamine was detected by measuring the reflectivity change of a laser beam focused in the channel. The assay of C-reactive protein (CRP) was successfully performed in a short amount of time (approximately 20 min from CRP loading). The limit of detection was determined to be 2 ng mL−1, which is more sensitive as compared with conventional ELISA using microplates. Optical pickup ELISA with an original microfluidic disk, which enable semi-automatic sample loading and washing, was developed. The rapid and sensitive assay of C-reactive protein (CRP) was successfully performed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - M. Yoshinaga
- Department of Applied Physics
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - E. Tamiya
- Department of Applied Physics
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu SW, Xu BY, Qiao S, Zhao G, Xu JJ, Chen HY, Xie FW. A microfluidic cigarette smoke collecting platform for simultaneous sample extraction and multiplex analysis. Talanta 2015; 150:455-62. [PMID: 26838430 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel microfluidic gas collecting platform aiming at simultaneous sample extraction and multiplex mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. An alveolar-mimicking elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures was designed to move dynamically driven by external pressure. The movement was well tuned both by its amplitude and rhythm following the natural process of human respiration. By integrating the alveolar units into arrays and assembling them to gas channels, a cyclic contraction/expansion system for gas inhale and exhale was successfully constructed. Upon equipping this system with a droplet array on the alveolar array surface, we were able to get information of inhaled smoke in a new strategy. Here, with cigarette smoke as an example, analysis of accumulation for target molecules during passive smoking is taken. Relationships between the breathing times, distances away from smokers and inhaled content of nicotine are clarified. Further, by applying different types of extraction solvent droplets on different locations of the droplet array, simultaneous extraction of nicotine, formaldehyde and caproic acid in sidestream smoke (SS) are realized. Since the extract droplets are spatially separated, they can be directly analyzed by MS which is fast and can rid us of all complex sample separation and purification steps. Combining all these merits, this small, cheap and portable platform might find wide application in inhaled air pollutant analysis both in and outdoors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bi-Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fu-Wei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Chen R, Xu L, Ning Y, Xie S, Zhang GJ. Silicon nanowire biosensor for highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarkers in saliva. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:73-8. [PMID: 25746803 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silicon nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have already been used as powerful sensors for the direct detection of disease-related biomarkers. However, the multiplexed detection of biomarkers in real samples is still challenging. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are two typical biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we developed a multiplexed detection methodology for IL-8 and TNF-α detection in saliva using SiNW FET biosensors. We fabricated the SiNW FET sensors using a top-down lithography fabrication technique. Subsequently, we achieved the multiplexed detection of two biomarkers in saliva by specific recognition of the two biomarkers with their corresponding antibodies, which were modified on the SiNW. The established method was found to have a limit of detection as low as 10 fg/mL in 1 × PBS as well as 100 fg/mL in artificial saliva. Because of its advantages, including label-free and multiplexed detection, non-invasive analysis, highly sensitive and specific determination, the proposed method is expected to be widely used for the early diagnosis of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu ZTF, Guan H, Cheung MK, McHugh WM, Cornell TT, Shanley TP, Kurabayashi K, Fu J. Rapid, automated, parallel quantitative immunoassays using highly integrated microfluidics and AlphaLISA. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11339. [PMID: 26074253 PMCID: PMC4466892 DOI: 10.1038/srep11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays represent one of the most popular analytical methods for detection and quantification of biomolecules. However, conventional immunoassays such as ELISA and flow cytometry, even though providing high sensitivity and specificity and multiplexing capability, can be labor-intensive and prone to human error, making them unsuitable for standardized clinical diagnoses. Using a commercialized no-wash, homogeneous immunoassay technology ('AlphaLISA') in conjunction with integrated microfluidics, herein we developed a microfluidic immunoassay chip capable of rapid, automated, parallel immunoassays of microliter quantities of samples. Operation of the microfluidic immunoassay chip entailed rapid mixing and conjugation of AlphaLISA components with target analytes before quantitative imaging for analyte detections in up to eight samples simultaneously. Aspects such as fluid handling and operation, surface passivation, imaging uniformity, and detection sensitivity of the microfluidic immunoassay chip using AlphaLISA were investigated. The microfluidic immunoassay chip could detect one target analyte simultaneously for up to eight samples in 45 min with a limit of detection down to 10 pg mL(-1). The microfluidic immunoassay chip was further utilized for functional immunophenotyping to examine cytokine secretion from human immune cells stimulated ex vivo. Together, the microfluidic immunoassay chip provides a promising high-throughput, high-content platform for rapid, automated, parallel quantitative immunosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeta Tak For Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Huijiao Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mei Ki Cheung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Walker M McHugh
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Timothy T Cornell
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Thomas P Shanley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- 1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- 1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Diseases and death caused by exposure to tobacco smoke have become the single most serious preventable public health concern. Thus, biomarkers that can monitor tobacco exposure and health effects can play a critical role in tobacco product regulation and public health policy. Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco toxicants are well established and have been used in population studies to establish public policy regarding exposure to second-hand smoke, an example being the nicotine metabolite cotinine, which can be measured in urine. Biomarkers of biological response to tobacco smoking range from those indicative of inflammation to mRNA and microRNA patterns related to tobacco use and/or disease state. Biomarkers identifying individuals with an increased risk for a pathological response to tobacco have also been described. The challenge for any novel technology or biomarker is its translation to clinical and/or regulatory application, a process that requires first technical validation of the assay and then careful consideration of the context the biomarker assay may be used in the regulatory setting. Nonetheless, the current efforts to investigate new biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure promise to offer powerful new tools in addressing the health hazards of tobacco product use. This review will examine such biomarkers, albeit with a focus on those related to cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Orr
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Richter
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|