1
|
Moitra P, Skrodzki D, Molinaro M, Gunaseelan N, Sar D, Aditya T, Dahal D, Ray P, Pan D. Context-Responsive Nanoparticle Derived from Synthetic Zwitterionic Ionizable Phospholipids in Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Therapy for Basal-like Breast Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9199-9220. [PMID: 38466962 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The majority of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs), which tend to be more aggressive, proliferate rapidly, and have poor clinical outcomes. A key prognostic biomarker and regulator of BLBC is the Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) transcription factor. However, because of its functional placement inside the cell nucleus and its structural similarity with other related proteins, targeting FOXC1 for therapeutic benefit, particularly for BLBC, continues to be difficult. We envision targeted nonviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid toward the efficacious knockdown of FOXC1. Keeping in mind the challenges associated with the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo, including off-targeting modifications, and effective release of the cargo, a nanoparticle with context responsive properties can be designed for efficient targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid. Consequently, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a zwitterionic amino phospholipid-derived transfecting nanoparticle for delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. The construct becomes positively charged only at low pH, which encourages membrane instability and makes it easier for nanoparticles to exit endosomes. This has enabled effective in vitro and in vivo downregulation of protein expression and genome editing. Following this, we have used EpCAM aptamer to make the system targeted toward BLBC cell lines and to reduce its off-target toxicity. The in vivo efficacy, biodistribution, preliminary pharmacokinetics, and biosafety of the optimized targeted CRISPR nanoplatform is then validated in a rodent xenograft model. Overall, we have attempted to knockout the proto-oncogenic FOXC1 expression in BLBC cases by efficient delivery of CRISPR effectors via a context-responsive nanoparticle delivery system derived from a designer lipid derivative. We believe that the nonviral approach for in vitro and in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 targeted toward FOXC1, studied herein, will greatly emphasize the therapeutic regimen for BLBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - David Skrodzki
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Molinaro
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nivetha Gunaseelan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dinabandhu Sar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Teresa Aditya
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dipendra Dahal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 101 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forte AJ, Huayllani MT, Boczar D, Avila FR, Kassis S, Ciudad P, Lu X, Moore PA, McLaughlin SA. Use of bioimpedance spectroscopy for prospective surveillance and early diagnosis of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Breast Dis 2021; 40:85-93. [PMID: 33646139 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioimpedance spectroscopy has been suggested as a useful tool for early diagnosis of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). We aimed to describe the outcomes of published studies that evaluated bioimpedance analysis as a method for prospective surveillance and early diagnosis of BCRL. METHODS We queried the PubMed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE databases to identify studies that evaluated use of bioimpedance spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool. We used the keywords "bioimpedance" AND ("lymphedema" OR "lymphoedema") in the search. Only English-language studies that reported quantitative outcomes for patients with BCRL were included. RESULTS Of 152, 235 and 116 identified articles in PubMed, Ovid Medline and EMBASE databases, only 22 were included. Use of bioimpedance analysis for prospective surveillance has been shown to prevent chronic BCRL. All the cross-sectional and retrospective studies that evaluated bioimpedance for diagnosis of BCRL reported significantly different L-Dex scores between lymphedema patients and healthy participants; in addition, bioimpedance scores were positively correlated with volume of lymphedema. CONCLUSION Bioimpedance analysis is a potential tool with demonstrated benefits for prevention of chronic BCRL and may be an economic and great alternative for early diagnosis of BCRL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Boczar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Salam Kassis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pedro Ciudad
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital, Lima, Peru
| | - Xiaona Lu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pamela A Moore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Susana FV, Sharmila F, Alessandro S, Valentina G, Chiara R, Marco P, Fiorella A, Danilo D. Impedance-based drug-resistance characterization of colon cancer cells through real-time cell culture monitoring. Talanta 2020; 222:121441. [PMID: 33167197 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interest in impedance-based cellular assays is rising due to their remarkable advantages, including label-free, low cost, non-invasive, non-destructive, quantitative and real-time monitoring. In order to test their potential in cancer treatment decision and early detection of chemoresistance, we devised a new custom-made impedance measuring system based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS), optimized for long term impedance measurements. This device was employed in a proof of concept cell culture impedance analysis for the characterization of chemo-resistant colon cancer cells. Doxorubicin-resistant HT-29 cells were used for this purpose and monitored for 140 h. Analysis of impedance-based curves reveal different trends from chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant cells. An impedance-based cytoxicity assay with different concentrations of doxorubicin was also performed using ECIS. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of ECIS in the study of drug resistance and show promises for studies of time-dependent factors related to physiological and behavioral changes in cells during resistance acquisition. The methodology presented herein, allows the continuous monitoring of cells under normal culture conditions as well as upon drug exposure. The ECIS device used, sets the basis for high-throughput early detection of resistance to drugs, administered in the clinical practice to cancer patients, and for the screening of new drugs in vitro, on patient-derived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuentes-Vélez Susana
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Fagoonee Sharmila
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Turin, Italy
| | - Sanginario Alessandro
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Riganti Chiara
- Department of Oncology and Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pizzi Marco
- Eltek S.p.A, Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Altruda Fiorella
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Demarchi Danilo
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren X, Nam W, Ghassemi P, Strobl JS, Kim I, Zhou W, Agah M. Scalable nanolaminated SERS multiwell cell culture assay. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:47. [PMID: 34567659 PMCID: PMC8433130 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new cell culture platform enabling label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis of biological samples. The platform integrates a multilayered metal-insulator-metal nanolaminated SERS substrate and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multiwells for the simultaneous analysis of cultured cells. Multiple cell lines, including breast normal and cancer cells and prostate cancer cells, were used to validate the applicability of this unique platform. The cell lines were cultured in different wells. The Raman spectra of over 100 cells from each cell line were collected and analyzed after 12 h of introducing the cells to the assay. The unique Raman spectra of each cell line yielded biomarkers for identifying cancerous and normal cells. A kernel-based machine learning algorithm was used to extract the high-dimensional variables from the Raman spectra. Specifically, the nonnegative garrote on a kernel machine classifier is a hybrid approach with a mixed nonparametric model that considers the nonlinear relationships between the higher-dimension variables. The breast cancer cell lines and normal breast epithelial cells were distinguished with an accuracy close to 90%. The prediction rate between breast cancer cells and prostate cancer cells reached 94%. Four blind test groups were used to evaluate the prediction power of the SERS spectra. The peak intensities at the selected Raman shifts of the testing groups were selected and compared with the training groups used in the machine learning algorithm. The blind testing groups were correctly predicted 100% of the time, demonstrating the applicability of the multiwell SERS array for analyzing cell populations for cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Wonil Nam
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Parham Ghassemi
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Jeannine S. Strobl
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Masoud Agah
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghassemi P, Ren X, Foster BM, Kerr BA, Agah M. Post-enrichment circulating tumor cell detection and enumeration via deformability impedance cytometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111868. [PMID: 31767345 PMCID: PMC6957725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood can provide valuable information when detecting, diagnosing, and monitoring cancer. This paper describes a system that consists of a constriction-based microfluidic sensor with embedded electrodes that can detect and enumerate cancer cells in blood. The biosensor measures impedance in terms of magnitude and phase at multiple frequencies as cells transit through the constriction channel. Cancer cells deform as they move through while blood cells remain intact, thus generating differential impedance profiles that can be used for detecting and counting CTCs. Two versions of this device are reported, one where the electrodes are embedded into the disposable microfluidic channel, and the other in which the disposable chip is externally fixed to a reusable substrate housing the electrodes. Both configurations were tested by spiking breast or prostate cancer cells into murine blood, and both detected all tumor cells passing through the narrow channels while being able to differentiate between the two cell lines. The chip in its current format has a throughput of 1 μL/min. While the throughput is scalable by integrating more constriction channels in parallel, the presented assay is intended for post-enrichment label-free enumeration and characterization of CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parham Ghassemi
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Xiang Ren
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States.
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States.
| | - Masoud Agah
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Layfield LJ, Hammer RD, White SK, Furtado LV, Schmidt RL. Molecular Testing Strategies for Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: An Optimal Approach With Cost Analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 143:628-633. [PMID: 30576239 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0218-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Molecular analysis of lung adenocarcinoma for therapeutically important genes is standard of practice, with multiple professional organizations recommending testing of all adenocarcinomas for mutations in EGFR, ALK, and ROS1. Some organizations recommend analyzing these genes in association with a panel. Few data exist as to optimal testing method or optimal sequence of testing from a cost perspective. OBJECTIVE.— To determine which order of gene testing was least costly and whether sequential, small panel, or next-generation sequencing (NGS) was cheapest. DESIGN.— Recent recommendations propose a set of essential molecular tests (EGFR, ALK, and ROS1) and an optional set of molecular tests that may be useful for selection of clinical trials. We compared the costs of different testing sequencing strategies for both the 3 essential genes and for 5 optimal genes. Testing costs were determined by a survey of prices from large laboratories. The strategy most frequently rated as the lowest cost strategy was designated the optimal testing strategy. RESULTS.— Sequential testing of the essential genes in the order EGFR-ROS1-ALK was optimal from a cost perspective. The expected cost of sequential testing was $2227 (95% CI, $1733-$2794). The cost of NGS was $2500. The expected cost per positive result was $11,362 using this strategy. CONCLUSIONS.— Molecular testing of lung adenocarcinomas for the set of 3 essential genes and 5 optional genes can be performed by a variety of methods and in a variety of sequences. From a cost perspective, sequential testing in the order EGFR, ROS1, then ALK is optimal. NGS would be competitive if the price was less than $2200. NGS is optimal if testing for the 3 essential genes will be followed by testing for the 5 optional genes. NGS testing is optimal if the clinician plans to test both essential and optional genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lester J Layfield
- From the Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Drs Layfield and Hammer); and the Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Ms White and Drs Furtado and Schmidt)
| | - Richard D Hammer
- From the Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Drs Layfield and Hammer); and the Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Ms White and Drs Furtado and Schmidt)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Foster BM, Zaidi D, Young TR, Mobley ME, Kerr BA. CD117/c-kit in Cancer Stem Cell-Mediated Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Biomedicines 2018. [PMID: 29518044 PMCID: PMC5874688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient morbidity and mortality, but due to persisting gaps in our knowledge, it remains untreatable. Metastases often occur as patient tumors progress or recur after initial therapy. Tumor recurrence at the primary site may be driven by a cancer stem-like cell or tumor progenitor cell, while recurrence at a secondary site is driven by metastatic cancer stem cells or metastasis-initiating cells. Ongoing efforts are aimed at identifying and characterizing these stem-like cells driving recurrence and metastasis. One potential marker for the cancer stem-like cell subpopulation is CD117/c-kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor associated with cancer progression and normal stem cell maintenance. Further, activation of CD117 by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF; kit ligand) in the progenitor cell niche stimulates several signaling pathways driving proliferation, survival, and migration. This review examines evidence that the SCF/CD117 signaling axis may contribute to the control of cancer progression through the regulation of stemness and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Danish Zaidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Tyler R Young
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Mary E Mobley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Markers Drive Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, and Bone Metastasis. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8629234. [PMID: 28690641 PMCID: PMC5485361 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8629234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic or recurrent tumors are the primary cause of cancer-related death. For prostate cancer, patients diagnosed with local disease have a 99% 5-year survival rate; however, this 5-year survival rate drops to 28% in patients with metastatic disease. This dramatic decline in survival has driven interest in discovering new markers able to identify tumors likely to recur and in developing new methods to prevent metastases from occurring. Biomarker discovery for aggressive tumor cells includes attempts to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are defined as tumor cells capable of self-renewal and regenerating the entire tumor heterogeneity. Thus, it is hypothesized that CSCs may drive primary tumor aggressiveness, metastatic colonization, and therapeutic relapse. The ability to identify these cells in the primary tumor or circulation would provide prognostic information capable of driving prostate cancer treatment decisions. Further, the ability to target these CSCs could prevent tumor metastasis and relapse after therapy allowing for prostate cancer to finally be cured. Here, we will review potential CSC markers and highlight evidence that describes how cells expressing each marker may drive prostate cancer progression, metastatic colonization and growth, tumor recurrence, and resistance to treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Riquelme MV, Zhao H, Srinivasaraghavan V, Pruden A, Vikesland P, Agah M. Optimizing blocking of nonspecific bacterial attachment to impedimetric biosensors. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|