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Xu F, Jin H, Liu L, Yang Y, Cen J, Wu Y, Chen S, Sun D. Architecture design and advanced manufacturing of heart-on-a-chip: scaffolds, stimulation and sensors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:96. [PMID: 39006908 PMCID: PMC11239895 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) has emerged as a highly efficient, cost-effective device for the development of engineered cardiac tissue, facilitating high-throughput testing in drug development and clinical treatment. HoC is primarily used to create a biomimetic microphysiological environment conducive to fostering the maturation of cardiac tissue and to gather information regarding the real-time condition of cardiac tissue. The development of architectural design and advanced manufacturing for these "3S" components, scaffolds, stimulation, and sensors is essential for improving the maturity of cardiac tissue cultivated on-chip, as well as the precision and accuracy of tissue states. In this review, the typical structures and manufacturing technologies of the "3S" components are summarized. The design and manufacturing suggestions for each component are proposed. Furthermore, key challenges and future perspectives of HoC platforms with integrated "3S" components are discussed. Architecture design concepts of scaffolds, stimulation and sensors in chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Hang Jin
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Jianzheng Cen
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
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Zhang X, Liu B, Gao J, Lang Y, Lv X, Deng Z, Gui L, Liu J, Tang R, Li L. Liquid Metal-Based Electrode Array for Neural Signal Recording. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050578. [PMID: 37237648 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural electrodes are core devices for research in neuroscience, neurological diseases, and neural-machine interfacing. They build a bridge between the cerebral nervous system and electronic devices. Most of the neural electrodes in use are based on rigid materials that differ significantly from biological neural tissue in flexibility and tensile properties. In this study, a liquid-metal (LM) -based 20-channel neural electrode array with a platinum metal (Pt) encapsulation material was developed by microfabrication technology. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the electrode has stable electrical properties and excellent mechanical properties such as flexibility and bending, which allows the electrode to form conformal contact with the skull. The in vivo experiments also recorded electroencephalographic signals using the LM-based electrode from a rat under low-flow or deep anesthesia, including the auditory-evoked potentials triggered by sound stimulation. The auditory-activated cortical area was analyzed using source localization technique. These results indicate that this 20-channel LM-based neural electrode array satisfies the demands of brain signal acquisition and provides high-quality-electroencephalogram (EEG) signals that support source localization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Advanced Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiran Lang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongshan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rongyu Tang
- The State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Bin J, Niu L, Zhang J, Liu L, Wang A, Tao J, Liang J, Zhang L, Kang X. Cold Laser Micro-Machining of PDMS as an Encapsulation Layer for Soft Implantable Neural Interface. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1484. [PMID: 36144107 PMCID: PMC9504264 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) is an important soft biocompatible material, which has various applications such as an implantable neural interface, a microfluidic chip, a wearable brain-computer interface, etc. However, the selective removal of the PDMS encapsulation layer is still a big challenge due to its chemical inertness and soft mechanical properties. Here, we use an excimer laser as a cold micro-machining tool for the precise removal of the PDMS encapsulation layer which can expose the electrode sites in an implantable neural interface. This study investigated and optimized the effect of excimer laser cutting parameters on the electrochemical impedance of a neural electrode by using orthogonal experiment design. Electrochemical impedance at the representative frequencies is discussed, which helps to construct the equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, the parameters of the equivalent circuit model are fitted, which reveals details about the electrochemical property of neural electrode using PDMS as an encapsulation layer. Our experimental findings suggest the promising application of excimer lasers in the micro-machining of implantable neural interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | - Lan Niu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lusheng Liu
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jingqiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Xiaoyang Kang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu 322000, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
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Conducting Polymer-Based Composite Materials for Therapeutic Implantations: From Advanced Drug Delivery System to Minimally Invasive Electronics. INT J POLYM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5659682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymer-based composites have recently becoming popular in both academic research and industrial practices due to their high conductivity, ease of process, and tunable electrical properties. The multifunctional conducting polymer-based composites demonstrated great application potential for in vivo therapeutics and implantable electronics, including drug delivery, neural interfacing, and minimally invasive electronics. In this review article, the state-of-the-art conducting polymer-based composites in the mentioned biological fields are discussed and summarized. The recent progress on the synthesis, structure, properties, and application of the conducting polymer-based composites is presented, aimed at revealing the structure-property relationship and the corresponding functional applications of the conducting polymer-based composites. Furthermore, key issues and challenges regarding the implantation performance of these composites are highlighted in this paper.
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