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Bin FC, Zheng ML. Perspective on Water-Soluble Two-Photon Initiator for Two-Photon Polymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51807-51815. [PMID: 39291561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) as an unparalleled technology empowers the rapid prototyping of customized three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures, garnering noticeable interest in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. These applications have a high requirement on the biocompatibility and integrity of 3D structures. Therefore, it is important to develop two-photon initiator with good water-solubility, initiation efficiency, and biocompatibility. Here, we share our insights into the development of a water-soluble two-photon initiator (WTPI) and applications from the material and manufacturing perspective. We highlight the nonlinear optical properties and the synthesis of WTPI through three pathways. Then we further demonstrate the applications of the TPP technique in the aqueous phase in the fields of tissue engineering, 4D printing, and ceramic manufacturing. Finally, a general conclusion and outlook are provided for the future development and application of WTPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Chun Bin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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2
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Kumar R, Dzikonski D, Bekker E, Vornhusen R, Vitali V, Imbrock J, Denz C. Fabrication and mechanical characterization of hydrogel-based 3D cell-like structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29174-29186. [PMID: 37710723 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate the fabrication of 3D cell-like structures using a femtosecond laser-based two-photon polymerization technique. By employing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate monomers as a precursor solution, we fabricate 3D hemispheres that resemble morphological and biomechanical characteristics of natural cells. We employ an optical tweezers-based microrheology technique to measure the viscoelastic properties of the precursor solutions inside and outside the structures. In addition, we demonstrate the interchangeability of the precursor solution within fabricated structures without impairing the microstructures. The combination of two-photon polymerization and microrheological measurements by optical tweezers demonstrated here represents a powerful toolbox for future investigations into cell mimic and artificial cell studies.
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Arslan A, Vanmol K, Dobos A, Natale A, Van Hoorick J, Roose P, Van den Bergen H, Chalyan T, Ovsianikov A, Baudis S, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T, Rodrigues RM, Thienpont H, Van Erps J, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. Increasing the Microfabrication Performance of Synthetic Hydrogel Precursors through Molecular Design. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4919-4932. [PMID: 34723502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of hydrogel precursors in two-photon polymerization (2PP) technology provides promising opportunities in the tissue engineering field thanks to their soft characteristics and similarity to extracellular matrix. Most of the hydrogels, however, are prone to post-fabrication deformations, leading to a mismatch between the computer-aided design and the printed structure. In the present work, we have developed novel synthetic hydrogel precursors to overcome the limitations associated with 2PP processing of conventional hydrogel precursors such as post-processing deformations and a narrow processing window. The precursors are based on a poly(ethylene glycol) backbone containing urethane linkers and are, on average, functionalized with six acrylate terminal groups (three on each terminal group). As a benchmark material, we exploited a precursor with an identical backbone and urethane linkers, albeit functionalized with two acrylate groups, that were reported as state-of-the-art. An in-depth characterization of the hexafunctional precursors revealed a reduced swelling ratio (<0.7) and higher stiffness (>36 MPa Young's modulus) compared to their difunctional analogs. The superior physical properties of the newly developed hydrogels lead to 2PP-based fabrication of stable microstructures with excellent shape fidelity at laser scanning speeds up to at least 90 mm s-1, in contrast with the distorted structures of conventional difunctional precursors. The hydrogel films and microscaffolds revealed a good cell interactivity after functionalization of their surface with a gelatin methacrylamide-based coating. The proposed synthesis strategy provides a one-pot and scalable synthesis of hydrogel building blocks that can overcome the current limitations associated with 2PP fabrication of hydrogel microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Arslan
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Vanmol
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnes Dobos
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Natale
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrice Roose
- Allnex Belgium SA/NV, Anderlechtstraat 33, Drogenbos, 1620 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Tatevik Chalyan
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- 3D Printing and Biofabrication Group, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E163-MC, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Bouzin M, Zeynali A, Marini M, Sironi L, Scodellaro R, D’Alfonso L, Collini M, Chirico G. Multiphoton Laser Fabrication of Hybrid Photo-Activable Biomaterials. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175891. [PMID: 34502787 PMCID: PMC8433654 DOI: 10.3390/s21175891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to shape stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, by means of laser 3D printing and ablation is fostering a new concept of “smart” micro-devices that can be used for imaging, thermal stimulation, energy transducing and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. In light of the increasing demand for micro-devices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine, interest is growing in the combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro-/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. Less often, the two approaches have been combined and active nanomaterials have been embedded in the microstructures. The aim of this review is to give a short overview of the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photothermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Bouzin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Amirbahador Zeynali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Mario Marini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Riccardo Scodellaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura D’Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
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Wu TH, Wu CH, Huang CJ, Chang YC. Anticlogging Hemofiltration Device for Mass Collection of Circulating Tumor Cells by Ligand-Free Size Selection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3399-3409. [PMID: 33689353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new hemofiltration system was developed to continuously capture circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a large volume of whole blood using a column that was packed with antifouling zwitterionized silica microspheres. The silica microspheres were modified with sulfobetaine silane (SBSi) to inhibit fouling, resist clogging, and give a high surface wettability and prolonged operation time. Packed microspheres with different diameters formed size-controllable interstitial pores that effectively captured CTCs by ligand-free size selection. For optimized performance of the hemofiltration system, operational factors, including the size of microspheres, flow rate, and cross-sectional area of the column, were considered with respect to the removal rate for colorectal cancer cells and the retention rate for white blood cells and red blood cells. The captured CTCs were collected from the column by density sedimentation. A large quantity of colorectal cancer cells was spiked into sheep blood, and the sample was circulated for 5 h with a total operational volume of 2 L followed by collection and culture in vitro. The results showed that the proposed hemofiltration device selectively removed abundant CTCs from in vitro circulatory blood. The viable cells were harvested for amplification and potential applications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li City 32023, Taiwan
- NCU-DSM Research Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Lee M, Rizzo R, Surman F, Zenobi-Wong M. Guiding Lights: Tissue Bioprinting Using Photoactivated Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10950-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Lee
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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