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Seo S, Kim T. Gas transport mechanisms through gas-permeable membranes in microfluidics: A perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:061301. [PMID: 38025658 PMCID: PMC10656118 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas-permeable membranes (GPMs) and membrane-like micro-/nanostructures offer precise control over the transport of liquids, gases, and small molecules on microchips, which has led to the possibility of diverse applications, such as gas sensors, solution concentrators, and mixture separators. With the escalating demand for GPMs in microfluidics, this Perspective article aims to comprehensively categorize the transport mechanisms of gases through GPMs based on the penetrant type and the transport direction. We also provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in GPM-integrated microfluidic devices, provide an overview of the fundamental mechanisms underlying gas transport through GPMs, and present future perspectives on the integration of GPMs in microfluidics. Furthermore, we address the current challenges associated with GPMs and GPM-integrated microfluidic devices, taking into consideration the intrinsic material properties and capabilities of GPMs. By tackling these challenges head-on, we believe that our perspectives can catalyze innovative advancements and help meet the evolving demands of microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +82-52-217-2313. Fax: +82-52-217-2409
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Chen H, Luo Z, Lin X, Zhu Y, Zhao Y. Sensors-integrated organ-on-a-chip for biomedical applications. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:1-28. [PMID: 37359077 PMCID: PMC10130312 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a promising new micro-physiological system, organ-on-a-chip has been widely utilized for in vitro pharmaceutical study and tissues engineering based on the three-dimensional constructions of tissues/organs and delicate replication of in vivo-like microenvironment. To better observe the biological processes, a variety of sensors have been integrated to realize in-situ, real-time, and sensitive monitoring of critical signals for organs development and disease modeling. Herein, we discuss the recent research advances made with respect to sensors-integrated organ-on-a-chip in this overall review. Firstly, we briefly explore the underlying fabrication procedures of sensors within microfluidic platforms and several classifications of sensory principles. Then, emphasis is put on the highlighted applications of different types of organ-on-a-chip incorporated with various sensors. Last but not least, perspective on the remaining challenges and future development of sensors-integrated organ-on-a-chip are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001 China
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Liu Y, Fan Z, Qiao L, Liu B. Advances in microfluidic strategies for single-cell research. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koch EV, Ledwig V, Bendas S, Reichl S, Dietzel A. Tissue Barrier-on-Chip: A Technology for Reproducible Practice in Drug Testing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071451. [PMID: 35890346 PMCID: PMC9323870 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One key application of organ-on-chip systems is the examination of drug transport and absorption through native cell barriers such the blood–brain barrier. To overcome previous hurdles related to the transferability of existing static cell cultivation protocols and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the construction material, a chip platform with key innovations for practical use in drug-permeation testing is presented. First, the design allows for the transfer of barrier-forming tissue into the microfluidic system after cells have been seeded on porous polymer or Si3N4 membranes. From this, we can follow highly reproducible models and cultivation protocols established for static drug testing, from coating the membrane to seeding the cells and cell analysis. Second, the perfusion system is a microscopable glass chip with two fluid compartments with transparent embedded electrodes separated by the membrane. The reversible closure in a clamping adapter requires only a very thin PDMS sealing with negligible liquid contact, thereby eliminating well-known disadvantages of PDMS, such as its limited usability in the quantitative measurements of hydrophobic drug molecule concentrations. Equipped with tissue transfer capabilities, perfusion chamber inertness and air bubble trapping, and supplemented with automated fluid control, the presented system is a promising platform for studying established in vitro models of tissue barriers under reproducible microfluidic perfusion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen V. Koch
- Institute of Microtechnology, TU Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (V.L.); (S.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0531-391-9788
| | - Verena Ledwig
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (V.L.); (S.B.); (S.R.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bendas
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (V.L.); (S.B.); (S.R.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (V.L.); (S.B.); (S.R.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute of Microtechnology, TU Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (V.L.); (S.B.); (S.R.)
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Campbell SB, Wu Q, Yazbeck J, Liu C, Okhovatian S, Radisic M. Beyond Polydimethylsiloxane: Alternative Materials for Fabrication of Organ-on-a-Chip Devices and Microphysiological Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:2880-2899. [PMID: 34275293 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the predominant material used for organ-on-a-chip devices and microphysiological systems (MPSs) due to its ease-of-use, elasticity, optical transparency, and inexpensive microfabrication. However, the absorption of small hydrophobic molecules by PDMS and the limited capacity for high-throughput manufacturing of PDMS-laden devices severely limit the application of these systems in personalized medicine, drug discovery, in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, and the investigation of cellular responses to drugs. Consequently, the relatively young field of organ-on-a-chip devices and MPSs is gradually beginning to make the transition to alternative, nonabsorptive materials for these crucial applications. This review examines some of the first steps that have been made in the development of organ-on-a-chip devices and MPSs composed of such alternative materials, including elastomers, hydrogels, thermoplastic polymers, and inorganic materials. It also provides an outlook on where PDMS-alternative devices are trending and the obstacles that must be overcome in the development of versatile devices based on alternative materials to PDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Campbell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Joshua Yazbeck
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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Nielsen JB, Hanson RL, Almughamsi HM, Pang C, Fish TR, Woolley AT. Microfluidics: Innovations in Materials and Their Fabrication and Functionalization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:150-168. [PMID: 31721565 PMCID: PMC7034066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
| | - Haifa M. Almughamsi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
| | - Chao Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
| | - Taylor R. Fish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
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