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Katare P, Gorthi SS. Recent technical advances in whole slide imaging instrumentation. J Microsc 2021; 284:103-117. [PMID: 34254690 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic observation of biological specimen smears is the mainstay of diagnostic pathology, as defined by the Digital Pathology Association. Though automated systems for this are commercially available, their bulky size and high cost renders them unusable for remote areas. The research community is investing much effort towards building equivalent but portable, low-cost systems. An overview of such research is presented here, including a comparative analysis of recent reports. This paper also reviews recently reported systems for automated staining and smear formation, including microfluidic devices; and optical and computational automated microscopy systems including smartphone-based devices. Image pre-processing and analysis methods for automated diagnosis are also briefly discussed. It concludes with a set of foreseeable research directions that could lead to affordable, integrated and accurate whole slide imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Katare
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Hong SL, Zhang N, Qin L, Tang M, Ai Z, Chen A, Wang S, Liu K. An automated detection of influenza virus based on 3-D magnetophoretic separation and magnetic label. Analyst 2020; 146:930-936. [PMID: 33242034 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01854f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Automated detection of the influenza virus is important for the prevention of infectious viruses. Herein, assisted by three-dimensional (3-D) magnetophoretic separation and magnetic label, an automated detection device was constructed for H7N9 influenza virus hemagglutinin. Multi-layer glass slides were used to generate a 3-D microchannel network with two-level channels, realizing 3-D magnetophoretic separation with a magnetic field in the vertical direction to microchannels for the sample treatment. After the immunomagnetic separation, a magnetic-tagged complex was captured in an antibody-modified glass capillary, where magnetic beads further as a label could cause the voltage change of the miniature tube liquid sensor to obtain the detection signal. Moreover, the whole detection process and detection results were controlled and read through a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen to improve the automation. Finally, the detection limit was calculated to be 8.4 ng mL-1 for H7N9 hemagglutinin and had good specificity and reproducibility. These results indicate that this detection device proposes promising automated avenues for the early detection of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Li Hong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Q, Peng B, Xu J, Chu M. Origin of Magnetically Induced Optical Transmission of Magnetic Nanocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2533. [PMID: 33138241 PMCID: PMC7693415 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present an investigation on the origin of the magnetically induced optical transmission of composite films comprised of polydimethylsiloxane and magnetic nanofillers via experiment and simulation. Structured and unstructured films were used in the study, which were fabricated with and without magnetic fields, respectively. Altered optical transmittance was observed from both types of films when they were subjected to an external magnetic field. Numerical analyses were performed to investigate the effect of the particle movement under magnetic field and the film magnetostriction on the film optical transmittance. The simulation results show that the changed light transmission under magnetic field is mainly due to a variation in the film thickness resulting from the film magnetostriction. The ellipsometric analysis results confirm the altered film thickness in response to the external magnetic field, and the measurements of the film magnetostrictive stresses validate that there is magnetostriction in the magnetic composite films. Additionally, it is indicated that there might be some relationship between the magnetically induced optical transmission and the film magnetostrictive stress under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (Q.Z.); (J.X.); (M.C.)
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Wang S, Ai Z, Zhang Z, Tang M, Zhang N, Liu F, Han G, Hong SL, Liu K. Simultaneous and automated detection of influenza A virus hemagglutinin H7 and H9 based on magnetism and size mediated microfluidic chip. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2020; 308:127675. [PMID: 32288257 PMCID: PMC7125920 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.127675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses with multiple subtypes have highly virulent in humans, of which influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the major viral surface antigen. Simultaneous and automated detection of multiple influenza HA are of great importance for early-stage diagnosis and operator protection. Herein, a magnetism and size mediated microfluidic platform was developed for point-of-care detection of multiple influenza HA. With multiplex microvalves and computer program control, the detection process showed high automation which had a great potential for avoiding the high-risk virus exposure to the operator. Taking advantage of magnetism and size mediated multiple physical fields, multiple influenza HA could be simultaneous separation and detection depended on different-size magnetic beads. Using high-luminance quantum dots as reporter, this assay achieved high sensitivity with a detection limit of 3.4 ng/mL for H7N9 HA and 4.5 ng/mL for H9N2 HA, and showed excellent specificity, anti-interference ability and good reproducibility. These results indicate that this method may propose new avenues for early detection of multiple influenza subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibing Wang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Ai
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
| | - Zefen Zhang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
| | - Man Tang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
| | - Nangang Zhang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
| | - Gujing Han
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Li Hong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan 430200,People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
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