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Čunátová K, Fernández-Vizarra E. Pathological variants in nuclear genes causing mitochondrial complex III deficiency: An update. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 39053894 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically and biochemically heterogeneous genetic diseases within the group of inborn errors of metabolism. Primary mitochondrial diseases are mainly caused by defects in one or several components of the oxidative phosphorylation system (complexes I-V). Within these disorders, those associated with complex III deficiencies are the least common. However, thanks to a deeper knowledge about complex III biogenesis, improved clinical diagnosis and the implementation of next-generation sequencing techniques, the number of pathological variants identified in nuclear genes causing complex III deficiency has expanded significantly. This updated review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the genetic basis of complex III deficiency, and the main clinical features associated with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Čunátová
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Fernández-Vizarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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2
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Baglioni V, Bozza F, Lentini G, Beatrice A, Cameli N, Colacino Cinnante EM, Terrinoni A, Nardecchia F, Pisani F. Psychiatric Manifestations in Children and Adolescents with Inherited Metabolic Diseases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2190. [PMID: 38673463 PMCID: PMC11051134 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Inherited metabolic disorders (IEMs) can be represented in children and adolescents by psychiatric disorders. The early diagnosis of IEMs is crucial for clinical outcome and treatment. The aim of this review is to analyze the most recurrent and specific psychiatric features related to IEMs in pediatrics, based on the onset type and psychiatric phenotypes. Methods: Following the PRISMA Statement, a systematic literature review was performed using a predefined algorithm to find suitable publications in scientific databases of interest. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, suitable papers were analyzed and screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the data of interest were retrieved from the remaining articles. Results: The results of this study are reported by type of symptoms onset (acute and chronic) and by possible psychiatric features related to IEMs. Psychiatric phenomenology has been grouped into five main clinical manifestations: mood and anxiety disorders; schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; catatonia; eating disorders; and self-injurious behaviors. Conclusions: The inclusion of a variety of psychiatric manifestations in children and adolescents with different IEMs is a key strength of this study, which allowed us to explore the facets of seemingly different disorders in depth, avoiding possible misdiagnoses, with the related delay of early and appropriate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Bozza
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (N.C.); (E.M.C.C.); (A.T.); (F.N.); (F.P.)
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3
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Dissaux N, Neyme P, Kim-Dufor DH, Lavenne-Collot N, Marsh JJ, Berrouiguet S, Walter M, Lemey C. Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1439. [PMID: 37761400 PMCID: PMC10529854 DOI: 10.3390/children10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First episode of psychosis (FEP) is a clinical condition that usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood and is often a sign of a future psychiatric disease. However, these symptoms are not specific, and psychosis can be caused by a physical disease in at least 5% of cases. Timely detection of these diseases, the first signs of which may appear in childhood, is of particular importance, as a curable treatment exists in most cases. However, there is no consensus in academic societies to offer recommendations for a comprehensive medical assessment to eliminate somatic causes. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search using a two-fold research strategy to: (1) identify physical diseases that can be differentially diagnosed for psychosis; and (2) determine the paraclinical exams allowing us to exclude these pathologies. RESULTS We identified 85 articles describing the autoimmune, metabolic, neurologic, infectious, and genetic differential diagnoses of psychosis. Clinical presentations are described, and a complete list of laboratory and imaging features required to identify and confirm these diseases is provided. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that most differential diagnoses of psychosis should be considered in the case of a FEP and could be identified by providing a systematic checkup with a laboratory test that includes ammonemia, antinuclear and anti-NMDA antibodies, and HIV testing; brain magnetic resonance imaging and lumbar puncture should be considered according to the clinical presentation. Genetic research could be of interest to patients presenting with physical or developmental symptoms associated with psychiatric manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Dissaux
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
- Unité de Recherche EA 7479 SPURBO, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Pierre Neyme
- Fondation du Bon Sauveur d’Alby, 30 Avenue du Colonel Teyssier, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Deok-Hee Kim-Dufor
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Lavenne-Collot
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
- Laboratoire du Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Inserm U1101, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Jonathan J. Marsh
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, 113 West 60th Street, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Sofian Berrouiguet
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
- Unité de Recherche EA 7479 SPURBO, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Michel Walter
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
- Unité de Recherche EA 7479 SPURBO, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Christophe Lemey
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
- Unité de Recherche EA 7479 SPURBO, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
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4
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Incognito C, Hedley J, Posadas KT, Wang X, Desai M. Pathogenic BCS1L Mutation Resulting in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Unique Presentation of Nuclear Mitochondrial Disease. Tex Heart Inst J 2023; 50:491744. [PMID: 37001142 PMCID: PMC10178648 DOI: 10.14503/thij-21-7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A 21-year-old man with sensorineural hearing loss and glaucoma presented with severely limited exercise capacity since childhood. He was found to have biventricular concentric hypertrophy with greatest wall thickening at the posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle apex (1.7 cm) and the free wall of the right ventricle (1.1 cm). There was no inducible left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Metabolic testing revealed marked lactic aciduria (1,650.1 μmol/mmol creatinine) and plasma lactate (3.9 mmol/L). A sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy gene panel was unremarkable, but mitochondrial gene analysis revealed a homozygous c.385G>A (p.Gly129Arg) pathogenic mutation in the BCS1L gene. This gene is responsible for an assembly subunit of cytochrome complex III in the respiratory transport chain and is the rarest respiratory chain defect. This gene has not frequently been implicated in cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is more rare than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy resulting from sarcomeric mutations and is more likely to be symmetric, less frequently results in left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and is more likely to progress to dilated cardiomyopathy. Evidence-based screening protocols have not been established; treatment follows guideline-directed medical therapy for congestive heart failure, including evaluation for heart transplantation. This report expands the phenotype of the BCS1L mutation and suggests that affected patients may need screening for underlying cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Hedley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Xiangling Wang
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic Community Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Molecular Medicine program, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Milind Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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5
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Al Qurashi M, Mustafa A, Aga SS, Ahmad A, El-Farra A, Shawli A, Al Hindi M, Hasosah M. Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of complex III mitopathy due to novel BCS1L gene mutation in a Saudi patient. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:63. [PMID: 35305621 PMCID: PMC8933996 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Of the many types of mitochondrial diseases, mutations affecting BCS1L gene are regarded as chief cause of the defective mitochondrial complex-III, affecting normal mitochondrial functioning, and leading to wide variety of phenotypes. Case presentation In this case report we describe a novel genotype linked to a unique phenotype in a Saudi patient born of a consanguineous marriage. Detailed genetic analysis and whole genome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in exon 5 c.712A > G (p.Ser328Gly) of the BCS1L gene, with predicted deleterious effects on the functioning AAA+-ATPase domain of the protein characterized by distinct clinical presentation associated with profound multisystem involvement, conductive hearing loss, absent external auditory canal, low posterior hair line, short neck, micro and retrognathia, over riding fingers, rocker bottom foot, small phallus with bilateral absent testis (empty scrotum) and intolerable lactic acidosis. Conclusions A pathogenic effect of this novel BCS1L mutation was reflected in the patient with his failure to thrive and a complex clinical and metabolic phenotype.
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Mitochondrial Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040637. [PMID: 35203288 PMCID: PMC8870525 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles, which generate energy as heat and ATP, the universal energy currency of the cell. This process is carried out by coupling electron stripping through oxidation of nutrient substrates with the formation of a proton-based electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Controlled dissipation of the gradient can lead to production of heat as well as ATP, via ADP phosphorylation. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, and is carried out by four multiheteromeric complexes (from I to IV) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, carrying out the electron flow whose energy is stored as a proton-based electrochemical gradient. This gradient sustains a second reaction, operated by the mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, which condensates ADP and Pi into ATP. Four complexes (CI, CIII, CIV, and CV) are composed of proteins encoded by genes present in two separate compartments: the nuclear genome and a small circular DNA found in mitochondria themselves, and are termed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations striking either genome can lead to mitochondrial impairment, determining infantile, childhood or adult neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial disorders are complex neurological syndromes, and are often part of a multisystem disorder. In this paper, we divide the diseases into those caused by mtDNA defects and those that are due to mutations involving nuclear genes; from a clinical point of view, we discuss pediatric disorders in comparison to juvenile or adult-onset conditions. The complementary genetic contributions controlling organellar function and the complexity of the biochemical pathways present in the mitochondria justify the extreme genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of this new area of inborn errors of metabolism known as ‘mitochondrial medicine’.
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Organization of the Respiratory Supercomplexes in Cells with Defective Complex III: Structural Features and Metabolic Consequences. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040351. [PMID: 33920624 PMCID: PMC8074069 DOI: 10.3390/life11040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain encompasses four oligomeric enzymatic complexes (complex I, II, III and IV) which, together with the redox carrier ubiquinone and cytochrome c, catalyze electron transport coupled to proton extrusion from the inner membrane. The protonmotive force is utilized by complex V for ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory complexes are known to coexist in the membrane as single functional entities and as supramolecular aggregates or supercomplexes (SCs). Understanding the assembly features of SCs has relevant biomedical implications because defects in a single protein can derange the overall SC organization and compromise the energetic function, causing severe mitochondrial disorders. Here we describe in detail the main types of SCs, all characterized by the presence of complex III. We show that the genetic alterations that hinder the assembly of Complex III, not just the activity, cause a rearrangement of the architecture of the SC that can help to preserve a minimal energetic function. Finally, the major metabolic disturbances associated with severe SCs perturbation due to defective complex III are discussed along with interventions that may circumvent these deficiencies.
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Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1062-1106. [PMID: 33159691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
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9
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Oh D, Cheon KA. Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2020; 31:131-145. [PMID: 32665757 PMCID: PMC7350540 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis, which refers to the bidirectional communication pathway between gut bacteria and the central nervous system, has a profound effect on important brain processes, from the synthesis of neurotransmitters to the modulation of complex behaviors such as sociability and anxiety. Previous studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is potentially related to not only gastrointestinal disturbances, but also social impairment and repetitive behavior-core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although studies have been conducted to characterize the microbial composition in patients with ASD, the results are heterogeneous. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is a difference in the composition of the gut microbiota between ASD and typically developed individuals, and animal studies have repeatedly suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in ASD pathophysiology. This possibility is supported by abnormalities in metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and the association between altered immune responses and the gut microbiota observed in ASD patients. Based on these findings, various attempts have been made to use the microbiota in ASD treatment. The results reported to date suggest that microbiota-based therapies may be effective for ASD, but largescale, well-designed studies are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghun Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Ah Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Kim M, Chung SK, Yang JC, Park JI, Nam SH, Park TW. Development of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale: A Reliability and Validity Study. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2020; 31:146-153. [PMID: 32665758 PMCID: PMC7350545 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (K-PUTS). Methods Thirty-eight patients with Tourette's disorder who visited Jeonbuk National University Hospital were assessed with the K-PUTS. Together with the PUTS, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (ARS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were implemented to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. Results The internal consistency of items on the PUTS was high, with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. The test-retest reliability of the PUTS, which was administered at 2 weeks to 2 months intervals, showed high reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. There was a significant positive correlation between the overall PUTS score and the YGTSS score, showing concurrent validity. There was no correlation between the PUTS, CY-BOCS, and ASRS scores, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the PUTS. Factor analysis for construct validity revealed three factors: "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic," "the quality of the premonitory urge," and "just right phenomena." Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the K-PUTS is a reliable and valid scale for rating premonitory urge of tics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae Won Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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11
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Panuzzo C, Jovanovski A, Pergolizzi B, Pironi L, Stanga S, Fava C, Cilloni D. Mitochondria: A Galaxy in the Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cell Universe. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113928. [PMID: 32486249 PMCID: PMC7312164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main fascinating energetic source into the cells. Their number, shape, and dynamism are controlled by the cell’s type and current behavior. The perturbation of the mitochondrial inward system via stress response and/or oncogenic insults could activate several trafficking molecular mechanisms with the intention to solve the problem. In this review, we aimed to clarify the crucial pathways in the mitochondrial system, dissecting the different metabolic defects, with a special emphasis on hematological malignancies. We investigated the pivotal role of mitochondria in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their main alterations that could induce malignant transformation, culminating in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In addition, we presented an overview of LSCs mitochondrial dysregulated mechanisms in terms of (1) increasing in oxidative phosphorylation program (OXPHOS), as a crucial process for survival and self-renewal of LSCs,(2) low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (3) aberrant expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) with sustained mitophagy. Furthermore, these peculiarities may represent attractive new “hot spots” for mitochondrial-targeted therapy. Finally, we remark the potential of the LCS metabolic effectors to be exploited as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Jovanovski
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucrezia Pironi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Serena Stanga
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
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12
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Gusic M, Schottmann G, Feichtinger RG, Du C, Scholz C, Wagner M, Mayr JA, Lee CY, Yépez VA, Lorenz N, Morales-Gonzalez S, Panneman DM, Rötig A, Rodenburg RJT, Wortmann SB, Prokisch H, Schuelke M. Bi-Allelic UQCRFS1 Variants Are Associated with Mitochondrial Complex III Deficiency, Cardiomyopathy, and Alopecia Totalis. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:102-111. [PMID: 31883641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated complex III (CIII) deficiencies are among the least frequently diagnosed mitochondrial disorders. Clinical symptoms range from isolated myopathy to severe multi-systemic disorders with early death and disability. To date, we know of pathogenic variants in genes encoding five out of 10 subunits and five out of 13 assembly factors of CIII. Here we describe rare bi-allelic variants in the gene of a catalytic subunit of CIII, UQCRFS1, which encodes the Rieske iron-sulfur protein, in two unrelated individuals. Affected children presented with low CIII activity in fibroblasts, lactic acidosis, fetal bradycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and alopecia totalis. Studies in proband-derived fibroblasts showed a deleterious effect of the variants on UQCRFS1 protein abundance, mitochondrial import, CIII assembly, and cellular respiration. Complementation studies via lentiviral transduction and overexpression of wild-type UQCRFS1 restored mitochondrial function and rescued the cellular phenotype, confirming UQCRFS1 variants as causative for CIII deficiency. We demonstrate that mutations in UQCRFS1 can cause mitochondrial disease, and our results thereby expand the clinical and mutational spectrum of CIII deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Gusic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schottmann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: Department of Neuropediatrics, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - René G Feichtinger
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chen Du
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Scholz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chae-Young Lee
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: Department of Neuropediatrics, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicente A Yépez
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, 81371 Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Lorenz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Municipal Hospital Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Morales-Gonzalez
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: Department of Neuropediatrics, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daan M Panneman
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands
| | - Agnès Rötig
- UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Richard J T Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health: Department of Neuropediatrics, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Baker RA, Priestley JRC, Wilstermann AM, Reese KJ, Mark PR. Clinical spectrum of
BCS1L
Mitopathies and their underlying structural relationships. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:373-380. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCalvin College Grand Rapids Michigan
| | | | | | - Kalina J. Reese
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCalvin College Grand Rapids Michigan
| | - Paul R. Mark
- Spectrum Health Medical GroupDepartment of Medical Genetics Grand Rapids Michigan
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial disorders are an increasingly recognized cause of heart dysfunction, with the primary manifestations being cardiomyopathy and conduction defects. This review focuses on the complex genetics of mitochondrial disease and recently discovered conditions that affect mitochondrial function. RECENT FINDINGS Next-generation sequencing techniques, especially whole-exome sequencing, have led to the discovery of a number of conditions that cause mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cardiac abnormalities. Nuclear DNA defects are the main cause of mitochondrial disease in children, with disease pathogenesis being related to either abnormalities in specific mitochondrial electron transport chain subunits or in proteins related to subunit or mitochondrial DNA maintenance, mitochondrial protein translation, lipid bilayer structure, or other aspects of mitochondrial function. SUMMARY Currently, symptomatic therapy using standard medications targeting relief of complications is the primary approach to treatment. There are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for the specific treatment of mitochondrial disease. However, on the basis of recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of these complex disorders, various novel approaches are either in clinical trials or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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15
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Tegelberg S, Tomašić N, Kallijärvi J, Purhonen J, Elmér E, Lindberg E, Nord DG, Soller M, Lesko N, Wedell A, Bruhn H, Freyer C, Stranneheim H, Wibom R, Nennesmo I, Wredenberg A, Eklund EA, Fellman V. Respiratory chain complex III deficiency due to mutated BCS1L: a novel phenotype with encephalomyopathy, partially phenocopied in a Bcs1l mutant mouse model. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:73. [PMID: 28427446 PMCID: PMC5399415 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial diseases due to defective respiratory chain complex III (CIII) are relatively uncommon. The assembly of the eleven-subunit CIII is completed by the insertion of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein, a process for which BCS1L protein is indispensable. Mutations in the BCS1L gene constitute the most common diagnosed cause of CIII deficiency, and the phenotypic spectrum arising from mutations in this gene is wide. RESULTS A case of CIII deficiency was investigated in depth to assess respiratory chain function and assembly, and brain, skeletal muscle and liver histology. Exome sequencing was performed to search for the causative mutation(s). The patient's platelets and muscle mitochondria showed respiration defects and defective assembly of CIII was detected in fibroblast mitochondria. The patient was compound heterozygous for two novel mutations in BCS1L, c.306A > T and c.399delA. In the cerebral cortex a specific pattern of astrogliosis and widespread loss of microglia was observed. Further analysis showed loss of Kupffer cells in the liver. These changes were not found in infants suffering from GRACILE syndrome, the most severe BCS1L-related disorder causing early postnatal mortality, but were partially corroborated in a knock-in mouse model of BCS1L deficiency. CONCLUSIONS We describe two novel compound heterozygous mutations in BCS1L causing CIII deficiency. The pathogenicity of one of the mutations was unexpected and points to the importance of combining next generation sequencing with a biochemical approach when investigating these patients. We further show novel manifestations in brain, skeletal muscle and liver, including abnormality in specialized resident macrophages (microglia and Kupffer cells). These novel phenotypes forward our understanding of CIII deficiencies caused by BCS1L mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Tegelberg
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikica Tomašić
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Pathology, Regional Laboratories, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Gisselsson Nord
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Soller
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicole Lesko
- Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Bruhn
- Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stranneheim
- Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Science for Life Laboratory, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Wibom
- Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik A Eklund
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Falco M, Franzè A, Iossa S, De Falco L, Gambale A, Marciano E, Iolascon A. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in BCS1L
gene causing Bjornstad syndrome in two siblings. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1348-1352. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Falco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
| | - Annamaria Franzè
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Gambale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
| | - Elio Marciano
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
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17
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Jackson CB, Bauer MF, Schaller A, Kotzaeridou U, Ferrarini A, Hahn D, Chehade H, Barbey F, Tran C, Gallati S, Haeberli A, Eggimann S, Bonafé L, Nuoffer JM. A novel mutation in BCS1L associated with deafness, tubulopathy, growth retardation and microcephaly. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:517-25. [PMID: 26563427 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report a novel homozygous missense mutation in the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase synthesis-like (BCS1L) gene in two consanguineous Turkish families associated with deafness, Fanconi syndrome (tubulopathy), microcephaly, mental and growth retardation. All three patients presented with transitory metabolic acidosis in the neonatal period and development of persistent renal de Toni-Debré-Fanconi-type tubulopathy, with subsequent rachitis, short stature, microcephaly, sensorineural hearing impairment, mild mental retardation and liver dysfunction. The novel missense mutation c.142A>G (p.M48V) in BCS1L is located at a highly conserved region associated with sorting to the mitochondria. Biochemical analysis revealed an isolated complex III deficiency in skeletal muscle not detected in fibroblasts. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed normal super complex formation, but a shift in mobility of complex III most likely caused by the absence of the BCS1L-mediated insertion of Rieske Fe/S protein into complex III. These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of BCS1L mutations, highlight the importance of biochemical analysis of different primary affected tissue and underline that neonatal lactic acidosis with multi-organ involvement may resolve after the newborn period with a relatively spared neurological outcome and survival into adulthood. CONCLUSION Mutation screening for BCS1L should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe (proximal) tubulopathy in the newborn period. WHAT IS KNOWN • Mutations in BCS1L cause mitochondrial complex III deficiencies. • Phenotypic presentations of defective BCS1L range from Bjornstad to neonatal GRACILE syndrome. What is New: • Description of a novel homozygous mutation in BCS1L with transient neonatal acidosis and persistent de Toni-Debré-Fanconi-type tubulopathy. • The long survival of patients with phenotypic presentation of severe complex III deficiency is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Jackson
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland. .,Research Program for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M F Bauer
- Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - A Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Berne, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Ferrarini
- Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - D Hahn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - H Chehade
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Barbey
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Tran
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Gallati
- Division of Human Genetics, Berne, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - A Haeberli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - S Eggimann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - L Bonafé
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-M Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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18
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Mordaunt DA, Jolley A, Balasubramaniam S, Thorburn DR, Mountford HS, Compton AG, Nicholl J, Manton N, Clark D, Bratkovic D, Friend K, Yu S. Phenotypic variation ofTTC19-deficient mitochondrial complex III deficiency: A case report and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1330-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Mordaunt
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Adelaide; North Adelaide Australia
| | - Alexandra Jolley
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
| | - Shanti Balasubramaniam
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
- Metabolic Unit; Princess Margaret Hospital for Children; Subiaco Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Victorian Clinical Genetics Service; The Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Hayley S. Mountford
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Victorian Clinical Genetics Service; The Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Alison G. Compton
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Victorian Clinical Genetics Service; The Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Jillian Nicholl
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
| | - Nicholas Manton
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
| | - Damian Clark
- Department of Neurology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
| | - Kathryn Friend
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Adelaide; North Adelaide Australia
| | - Sui Yu
- SA Pathology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide Australia
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19
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Fernández-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Nuclear gene mutations as the cause of mitochondrial complex III deficiency. Front Genet 2015; 6:134. [PMID: 25914718 PMCID: PMC4391031 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex III (CIII) deficiency is one of the least common oxidative phosphorylation defects associated to mitochondrial disease. CIII constitutes the center of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as well as a crossroad for several other metabolic pathways. For more than 10 years, of all the potential candidate genes encoding structural subunits and assembly factors, only three were known to be associated to CIII defects in human pathology. Thus, leaving many of these cases unresolved. These first identified genes were MT-CYB, the only CIII subunit encoded in the mitochondrial DNA; BCS1L, encoding an assembly factor, and UQCRB, a nuclear-encoded structural subunit. Nowadays, thanks to the fast progress that has taken place in the last 3-4 years, pathological changes in seven more genes are known to be associated to these conditions. This review will focus on the strategies that have permitted the latest discovery of mutations in factors that are necessary for a correct CIII assembly and activity, in relation with their function. In addition, new data further establishing the molecular role of LYRM7/MZM1L as a chaperone involved in CIII biogenesis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council Cambridge, UK
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20
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Kunii M, Doi H, Higashiyama Y, Kugimoto C, Ueda N, Hirata J, Tomita-Katsumoto A, Kashikura-Kojima M, Kubota S, Taniguchi M, Murayama K, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Tanaka F. A Japanese case of cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis and deep sensory impairment associated with a novel homozygous TTC19 mutation. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:187-91. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Marín-Buera L, García-Bartolomé A, Morán M, López-Bernardo E, Cadenas S, Hidalgo B, Sánchez R, Seneca S, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Differential proteomic profiling unveils new molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency. J Proteomics 2014; 113:38-56. [PMID: 25239759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have analyzed the cellular pathways and metabolic adaptations that take place in primary skin fibroblasts from patients with mutations in BCS1L, a major genetic cause of mitochondrial complex III enzyme deficiency. Mutant fibroblasts exhibited low oxygen consumption rates and intracellular ATP levels, indicating that the main altered molecular event probably is a limited respiration-coupled ATP production through the OXPHOS system. Two-dimensional DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analyses unambiguously identified 39 proteins whose expression was significantly altered in complex III-deficient fibroblasts. Extensive statistical and cluster analyses revealed a protein profile characteristic for the BCS1L mutant fibroblasts that included alterations in energy metabolism, cell signaling and gene expression regulation, cytoskeleton formation and maintenance, and intracellular stress responses. The physiological validation of the predicted functional adaptations of human cultured fibroblasts to complex III deficiency confirmed the up-regulation of glycolytic enzyme activities and the accumulation of branched-chain among other amino acids, suggesting the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and cellular catabolic states, in particular protein catabolism, together with autophagy as adaptive responses to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction and ATP deficiency. Our data point to an overall metabolic and genetic reprogramming that could contribute to explain the clinical manifestations of complex III deficiency in patients. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite considerable knowledge about their genetic origins, the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the clinical manifestations of mitochondrial disorders remain poorly understood. We have investigated the molecular pathways and metabolic adaptations that take place in primary skin fibroblasts from patients with mutations in the BCS1L gene, a primary cause of mitochondrial complex III enzyme deficiency. Two-dimensional DIGE together with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and physiological validation analyses revealed a significant metabolic and genetic reprogramming as an adaptive response to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. Our data provide information about specific protein targets that regulate the transmitochondrial functional responses to complex III deficiency, thereby opening new doors for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Marín-Buera
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia López-Bernardo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Sara Seneca
- Center of Medical Genetics, AZ-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
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