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Problems with Social Cognition and Decision-Making in Huntington's Disease: Why Is it Important? Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070838. [PMID: 34202701 PMCID: PMC8301991 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease starts slowly and progresses over a 15–20 year period. Motor changes begin subtly, often going unnoticed by patients although they are typically visible to those close to them. At this point, it is the early non-motor problems of HD that arguably cause the most functional impairment. Approximately 65% of gene carriers will experience a reduction in their occupational level, and just under half will feel unable to manage their finances independently before a clinical diagnosis is made. Understanding what drives this impairment in activities of daily living is the key to helping people with HD to live more independently for longer, especially in early disease. Early cognitive decline is likely to play a contributory factor although few studies have looked directly at this relationship. Recently, it has been shown that along with the well documented dysexecutive syndrome seen in HD, changes in social cognition and decision-making are more common than previously thought. Furthermore, some of the early neuropathological and neurochemical changes seen in HD disrupt networks known to be involved in social functioning. In this review, we explore how HD changes the way individuals interact in a social world. Specifically, we summarise the literature on both classical and social decision-making (value-based decision-making in a social context) along with studies of theory of mind, empathy, alexithymia, and emotion recognition in HD. The literature specific to HD is discussed and supported by evidence from similar neurodegenerative disorders and healthy individuals to propose future directions and potential therapeutic avenues to be explored.
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Takagi A, Furuta R, Saetia S, Yoshimura N, Koike Y, Minati L. Behavioral and physiological correlates of kinetically tracking a chaotic target. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239471. [PMID: 32946493 PMCID: PMC7500904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can innately track a moving target by anticipating its future position from a brief history of observations. While ballistic trajectories can be readily extrapolated, many natural and artificial systems are governed by more general nonlinear dynamics and, therefore, can produce highly irregular motion. Yet, relatively little is known regarding the behavioral and physiological underpinnings of prediction and tracking in the presence of chaos. Here, we investigated in lab settings whether participants could manually follow the orbit of a paradigmatic chaotic system, the Rössler equations, on the (x,y) plane under different settings of a control parameter, which determined the prominence of transients in the target position. Tracking accuracy was negatively related to the level of unpredictability and folding. Nevertheless, while participants initially reacted to the transients, they gradually learned to anticipate it. This was accompanied by a decrease in muscular co-contraction, alongside enhanced activity in the theta and beta EEG bands for the highest levels of chaoticity. Furthermore, greater phase synchronization of breathing was observed. Taken together, these findings point to the possible ability of the nervous system to implicitly learn topological regularities even in the context of highly irregular motion, reflecting in multiple observables at the physiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takagi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Atsugi, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryoga Furuta
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Supat Saetia
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Natsue Yoshimura
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Koike
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ludovico Minati
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Roberts H, Soto V, Tyson-Carr J, Kokmotou K, Cook S, Fallon N, Giesbrecht T, Stancak A. Tracking Economic Value of Products in Natural Settings: A Wireless EEG Study. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:910. [PMID: 30618548 PMCID: PMC6306680 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic decision making refers to the process of individuals translating their preference into subjective value (SV). Little is known about the dynamics of the neural processes that underpin this form of value-based decision making and no studies have investigated these processes outside of controlled laboratory settings. The current study investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics that accompany economic valuation of products using mobile electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking techniques. Participants viewed and rated images of household products in a gallery setting while EEG and eye tracking data were collected wirelessly. A Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) auction task was subsequently used to quantify the individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for each product. WTP was used to classify products into low, low medium, high medium and high economic value conditions. Eye movement related potentials (EMRP) were examined, and independent component analysis (ICA) was used to separate sources of activity from grand averaged EEG data. Four independent components (ICs) of EMRPs were modulated by WTP (i.e., SV) in the latency range of 150-250 ms. Of the four value-sensitive ICs, one IC displayed enhanced amplitude for all value conditions excluding low value, and another IC presented enhanced amplitude for low value products only. The remaining two value-sensitive ICs resolved inter-mediate levels of SV. Our study quantified, for the first time, the neural processes involved in economic value based decisions in a natural setting. Results suggest that multiple spatio-temporal brain activation patterns mediate the attention and aversion of products which could reflect an early valuation system. The EMRP parietal P200 component could reflect an attention allocation mechanism that separates the lowest-value products (IC7) from products of all other value (IC4), suggesting that low-value items are categorized early on as being aversive. While none of the ICs showed linear amplitude changes that parallel SV's of products, results suggest that a combination of multiple components may sub-serve a fine-grained resolution of the SV of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Roberts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vicente Soto
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Tyson-Carr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Kokmotou
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Cook
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Division of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Timo Giesbrecht
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, United Kingdom
| | - Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Gholami Doborjeh Z, Doborjeh MG, Kasabov N. Attentional Bias Pattern Recognition in Spiking Neural Networks from Spatio-Temporal EEG Data. Cognit Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-017-9517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Studer B, Scheibehenne B, Clark L. Psychophysiological arousal and inter- and intraindividual differences in risk-sensitive decision making. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:940-50. [PMID: 26927730 PMCID: PMC4869679 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study assessed peripheral responses during decision making under explicit risk, and tested whether intraindividual variability in choice behavior can be explained by fluctuations in peripheral arousal. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate (HR) were monitored in healthy volunteers (N = 68) during the Roulette Betting Task. In this task, participants were presented with risky gambles to bet on, with the chances of winning varying across trials. Hierarchical Bayesian analyses demonstrated that EDA and HR acceleration responses during the decision phase were sensitive to the chances of winning. Interindividual differences in this peripheral reactivity during risky decision making were related to trait sensitivity to punishment and trait sensitivity to reward. Moreover, trial-by-trial variation in EDA and HR acceleration responses predicted a small portion of intraindividual variability in betting choices. Our results show that psychophysiological responses are sensitive to explicit risk and can help explain intraindividual heterogeneity in choice behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Studer
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University of DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany
| | | | - Luke Clark
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Oppenheimer S, Cechetto D. The Insular Cortex and the Regulation of Cardiac Function. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1081-133. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Quantifying the time for accurate EEG decoding of single value-based decisions. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 250:114-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Incidental negative emotions unrelated to the current task, such as background anxiety, can strongly influence decisions. This is most evident in psychiatric disorders associated with generalized emotional disturbances. However, the neural mechanisms by which incidental emotions may affect choices remain poorly understood. Here we study the effects of incidental anxiety on human risky decision making, focusing on both behavioral preferences and their underlying neural processes. Although observable choices remained stable across affective contexts with high and low incidental anxiety, we found a clear change in neural valuation signals: during high incidental anxiety, activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum showed a marked reduction in (1) neural coding of the expected subjective value (ESV) of risky options, (2) prediction of observed choices, (3) functional coupling with other areas of the valuation system, and (4) baseline activity. At the same time, activity in the anterior insula showed an increase in coding the negative ESV of risky lotteries, and this neural activity predicted whether the risky lotteries would be rejected. This pattern of results suggests that incidental anxiety can shift the focus of neural valuation from possible positive consequences to anticipated negative consequences of choice options. Moreover, our findings show that these changes in neural value coding can occur in the absence of changes in overt behavior. This suggest a possible pathway by which background anxiety may lead to the development of chronic reward desensitization and a maladaptive focus on negative cognitions, as prevalent in affective and anxiety disorders.
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Kim Y, Kang K, Lee H, Bae C. Preference Measurement Using User Response Electroencephalogram. COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45402-2_183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Feurra M, Galli G, Rossi S. Transcranial alternating current stimulation affects decision making. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:39. [PMID: 22654737 PMCID: PMC3360236 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feurra
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte Siena, Italy
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Minati L, Grisoli M, Seth AK, Critchley HD. Decision-making under risk: A graph-based network analysis using functional MRI. Neuroimage 2012; 60:2191-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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