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Chen X, Sun H, Yang C, Wang W, Lyu W, Zou K, Zhang F, Dai Z, He X, Dong H. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation of six cuproptosis-associated genes as a prognostic signature of breast cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17419. [PMID: 38912044 PMCID: PMC11192027 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast carcinoma (BRCA) is a life-threatening malignancy in women and shows a poor prognosis. Cuproptosis is a novel mode of cell death but its relationship with BRCA is unclear. This study attempted to develop a cuproptosis-relevant prognostic gene signature for BRCA. Methods Cuproptosis-relevant subtypes of BRCA were obtained by consensus clustering. Differential expression analysis was implemented using the 'limma' package. Univariate Cox and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to determine a cuproptosis-relevant prognostic gene signature. The signature was constructed and validated in distinct datasets. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were also conducted using the prognostic signature to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to probe the linkage between the gene signature and tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunotherapy responsiveness was assessed using the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) web tool. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect the expressions of cuproptosis-relevant prognostic genes in breast cancer cell lines. Results Thirty-eight cuproptosis-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BRCA were mined by consensus clustering and differential expression analysis. Based on univariate Cox and multivariate Cox analyses, six cuproptosis-relevant prognostic genes, namely SAA1, KRT17, VAV3, IGHG1, TFF1, and CLEC3A, were mined to establish a corresponding signature. The signature was validated using external validation sets. GSVA and GSEA showed that multiple cell cycle-linked and immune-related pathways along with biological processes were associated with the signature. The results ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT analyses revealed significantly different TMEs between the two Cusig score subgroups. Finally, RT-qPCR analysis of cell lines further confirmed the expressional trends of SAA1, KRT17, IGHG1, and CLEC3A. Conclusion Taken together, we constructed a signature for projecting the overall survival of BRCA patients and our findings authenticated the cuproptosis-relevant prognostic genes, which are expected to provide a basis for developing prognostic molecular biomarkers and an in-depth understanding of the relationship between cuproptosis and BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hening Sun
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Changcheng Yang
- Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Lyu
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Kejian Zou
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xionghui He
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huaying Dong
- Department of Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
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Cheng TC, Wu JH, Zhu B, Gao HY, Zheng L, Chen WX. Identification of a novel five ferroptosis-related gene signature as a promising prognostic model for breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16779-16795. [PMID: 37728703 PMCID: PMC10645672 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BCa) is a major challenge for women's health worldwide. Ferroptosis is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in BCa remains unclear, and more accurate prognostic models are urgently needed. METHODS Gene expression profiles and clinical information of BCa patients were collected from public databases. LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analysis were utilized to construct the prognostic gene signature. Kaplan-Meier plotter, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nomogram were used to validate the prognostic value of the gene signature. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to explore the molecular functions and signaling pathways. RESULTS Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes between BCa samples and normal tissues were obtained. A novel five-gene signature including BCL2, SLC40A1, TFF1, APOOL, and PRAME was established for prognosis prediction. Patients stratified into high-risk or low-risk group displayed significantly different survival. Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves showed a good performance for survival prediction in different cohorts. Biological function analysis revealed that the five-gene signature was associated with cancer progression, immune infiltration, immune response, and drug resistance. Nomogram including the five-gene signature was established. CONCLUSION A novel five ferroptosis-related gene signature and nomogram could be used for prognostic prediction in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia-Hao Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bei Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Tumor Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wei-Xian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Post-Doctoral Working Station, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, ChangzhouJiangsu Province, 213000, China.
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Saha A, Gavert N, Brabletz T, Ben-Ze’ev A. Downregulation of the Tumor Suppressor TFF1 Is Required during Induction of Colon Cancer Progression by L1. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184478. [PMID: 36139637 PMCID: PMC9497096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the subsequent induction of downstream target genes is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previously, we found that overexpression of the immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion receptor L1CAM (L1), a target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, confers enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis in CRC cells. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed changes in both pro-tumorigenic and potential tumor-suppressor genes in L1-overexpressing CRC cells. We wished to identify such tumor suppressor/s, and found that trefoil family factor 1 (TFF1) was involved in L1-mediated CRC progression. TFF1 overexpression suppressed the growth, motility and tumorigenesis of L1-expressing CRC cells by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In human CRC tissue, TFF1-positive staining was evident in goblet cells of the normal mucosa, while in CRC tissue, TFF1 expression was lost in >50% of the tumor samples. Our results support a tumor-suppressor role of TFF1 in human CRC, and we suggest that TFF1 could be used for CRC detection and as a novel therapeutic target in L1-mediated CRC. Abstract The immunoglobulin family cell adhesion receptor L1 is induced in CRC cells at the invasive front of the tumor tissue, and confers enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis. To identify putative tumor suppressors whose expression is downregulated in L1-expressing CRC cells, we blocked the L1–ezrin–NF-κB signaling pathway and searched for genes induced under these conditions. We found that TFF1, a protein involved in protecting the mucus epithelial layer of the colon, is downregulated in L1-expressing cells and displays characteristics of a tumor suppressor. Overexpression of TFF1 in L1-transfected human CRC cells blocks the pro-tumorigenic and metastatic properties conferred by L1 by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that human CRC tissue samples often lose the expression of TFF1, while the normal mucosa displays TFF1 in goblet cells. Identifying TFF1 as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells could provide a novel marker for L1-mediated CRC development and a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Saha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Feibiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Avri Ben-Ze’ev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Spadazzi C, Mercatali L, Esposito M, Wei Y, Liverani C, De Vita A, Miserocchi G, Carretta E, Zanoni M, Cocchi C, Bongiovanni A, Recine F, Kang Y, Ibrahim T. Trefoil factor-1 upregulation in estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer correlates with an increased risk of bone metastasis. Bone 2021; 144:115775. [PMID: 33249323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most preferred sites of metastatic spread from different cancer types, including breast cancer. However, different breast cancer subtypes exhibit distinct metastatic behavior in terms of kinetics and anatomic sites of relapse. Despite advances in the diagnosis, the identification of patients at high-risk of bone recurrence is still an unmet clinical need. We conducted a retrospective analysis, by gene expression and immunohistochemical assays, on 90 surgically resected breast cancer samples collected from patients who experienced no evidence of distant metastasis, bone or visceral metastasis in order to identify a primary tumor-derived marker of bone recurrence. We identified trefoil factor-1 (pS2 or TFF1) as strictly correlated to bone metastasis from ER+ breast cancer. In silico analysis was carried out to confirm this observation, linking gene expression data with clinical characteristics available from public clinical datasets. Then, we investigated TFF1 function in ER+ breast cancer tumorigenesis and bone metastasis through xenograft in vivo models of MCF 7 breast cancer with gain and loss of function of TFF1. As a response to microenvironmental features in primary tumors, TFF1 expression could modulate ER+ breast cancer growth, leading to a less proliferative phenotype. Our results showed it may not play a role in late stages of bone metastasis, however further studies are warranted to understand whether it could contribute in the early-stages of the metastatic cascade. In conclusion, TFF1 upregulation in primary ER+ breast cancer could be useful to identify patients at high-risk of bone metastasis. This could help clinicians in the identification of patients who likely can develop bone metastasis and who could benefit from personalized treatments and follow-up strategies to prevent metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Mark Esposito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
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Althobiti M, El-sharawy KA, Joseph C, Aleskandarany M, Toss MS, Green AR, Rakha EA. Oestrogen-regulated protein SLC39A6: a biomarker of good prognosis in luminal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:621-630. [PMID: 34453638 PMCID: PMC8505289 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The outcome of the luminal oestrogen receptor-positive (ER +) subtype of breast cancer (BC) is highly variable and patient stratification needs to be refined. We assessed the prognostic significance of oestrogen-regulated solute carrier family 39 member 6 (SLC39A6) in BC, with emphasis on ER + tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS SLC39A6 mRNA expression and copy number alterations were assessed using the METABRIC cohort (n = 1980). SLC39A6 protein expression was evaluated in a large (n = 670) and annotated series of early-stage (I-III) operable BC using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. The associations between SLC39A6 expression and clinicopathological parameters, patient outcomes and other ER-related markers were evaluated using Chi-square tests and Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS High SLC39A6 mRNA and protein expression was associated with features characteristic of less aggressive tumours in the entire BC cohort and ER + subgroup. SLC39A6 protein expression was detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the tumour cells. High SLC39A6 nuclear expression and mRNA levels were positively associated with ER + tumours and expression of ER-related markers, including the progesterone receptor, forkhead box protein A1 and GATA binding protein 3. In the ER + luminal BC, high SLC39A6 expression was independently associated with longer BC-specific survival (BCSS) (P = 0.015, HR 0.678, 95% CI 0.472‒0.972) even in those who did not receive endocrine therapy (P = 0.001, HR 0.701, 95% CI 0.463‒1.062). CONCLUSION SLC39A6 may be prognostic for a better outcome in ER + luminal BC. Further functional studies to investigate the role of SLC39A6 in ER + luminal BC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Althobiti
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.449644.f0000 0004 0441 5692Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University 33, Shaqra, 11961 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud A. El-sharawy
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Chitra Joseph
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Mohammed Aleskandarany
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Michael S. Toss
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Andrew R. Green
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Present Address: Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Yi J, Ren L, Li D, Wu J, Li W, Du G, Wang J. Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a potential prognostic biomarker with functional significance in breast cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109827. [PMID: 31986408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of their cancer death. Establishing an accurate BC prognosis is very difficult because of its heterogeneity. Elevated TFF1 levels in serum were associated with development of BC, TFF1 expression was upregulated in BC compared to the healthy breast tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of TFF1 in BCs, and to assess whether serum TFF1 could be used in formulating a prognosis for BC patients. In silico analyses were carried out to determine the expression of TFF1 mRNA in different types of BC and the association between TFF1 expression and survival of BC patients. Expression of TFF1 protein was checked in 52 paraffin-embedded tissues of BCs by immunochemistry, and serum concentration of TFF1 in 70 BC patients and 32 healthy controls was measured by ELISA. Functional activities of TFF1 in BC cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, colony formation, BrdU-DNA synthesis, and assays for migration and invasion. Results showed that expression of TFF1 mRNA was correlated with expression of biomarkers of luminal cancers including ESR1, GATA3, FOXA1, MYB and XBP1. In addition, patients with ER+BC had higher expression of TFF1 than those with ER- (p < 0.05). There was also lower expression of TFF1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than in non-TNBC (p < 0.05), which corresponds with the level of serum TFF1 in TNBC patients, compared with non-TNBC patients (p < 0.001). Furthermore, expression of TFF1 was associated with tumor size (p = 0.002), nodal status (p < 0.001), histological grade (p < 0.001), ER status (p = 0.012), PR status (p < 0.001) and HER2 (p < 0.001), while serum TFF1 was only statistically different among BC with ER+, PR + and HER2+ (p = 0.04139, 0.0018, 0.0004). Elevated TFF1 expression correlated with increased overall survival of BC patients (p = 0.00068). Finally, TFF1 was found to inhibit the cell growth, colony formation, migration and invasion of BC cells in vitro. All these results suggest that expression of TFF1 was related to ER status of BC and that expression of TFF1 was lower in TNBC than in non-TNBC. TFF1 was found to inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells in vitro. Expression of TFF1 was associated with clinical characters of patients with BC. Serum TFF1 could be used to predict prognosis of patients with BC, especially non-TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Deng K, Mo S, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang Q, Chen X, Chen J, Dai S. Soy Foods Might Weaken the Sensitivity of Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Patients With Lumina A Subtype of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:e337-e342. [PMID: 30733051 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on estrogen active substances, many women consume soy foods in the belief that it could prevent breast cancer (BC). Women with different molecular subtypes would be likely to have diverse reactions to soy foods, especially those with the estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) subtype. The aim of the current study is to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on soy foods in premenopausal patients with Lumina A subtype of BC (LABC) after soy food treatment, and to further investigate the critical molecule change. MATERIALS AND METHODS GSE58792 retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus was analyzed to obtain DEGs using GEO2R. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using FunRich and GeneMINIA. Overall survival of critical genes was performed by the Kaplan-Meier plotter online tool. RESULTS A total of 108 DEGs were obtained from the dataset, among which 35 were up-regulated and 73 down-regulated. Soy foods significantly reduced the expression of TFF3, TFF1, GATA3, and ESR1, which were related to the activity of the ER-related pathway and the sensitivity of tamoxifen. Furthermore, the lower expressions of TOX3, FSIP1, ESR1, and CLGN were related to prolonged survival time of patients with BC. The most significant signaling pathways were epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in up-regulated DEGs, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, and mammary gland alveolus development in down-regulated DEGs, which were all related to the development and prognosis of BC. CONCLUSIONS Soy foods could dramatically alter the ER-related gene profile in LABC. Particularly, down-regulated DEGs of TFF3, TFF1, GATA3, and ESR1 might weaken the sensitivity of tamoxifen and increase the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with LABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Deng
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanying Mo
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexiang Liu
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Chen
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Dai
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Zhang X, Ling J, Wang Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Jin C, Ju J, Yuan Y, He F, Zhao C, Wang J, Tian C. KRAB-containing zinc finger protein ZNF496 inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by selectively repressing ERα activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:S1874-9399(18)30048-8. [PMID: 30012466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins (KZNF) constitute the largest family of transcriptional regulators in humans and play critical roles in normal development and tumorigenesis. However, the function and mechanism of most KZNFs remain unclear. Here, we report that ZNF496, a KZNF family member, interacts with the DNA binding domain (DBD) of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) via its C2H2 domain. This interaction decreases ERα binding to chromatin DNA and results in the repression of ERα transactivation, the selective suppression of ERα target genes, and ultimately in a reduction of ERα-positive cell growth in the presence of E2. An analysis of clinical data revealed that the downregulation of ZNF496 expression is observed only in ERα-positive and not in ERα-negative breast cancer tissues when compared with that in matched adjacent tissues. Lastly, we also observed that the downregulation of ZNF496 is associated with poor recurrence-free survival among patients with breast cancer. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ZNF496 is a novel ERα-binding protein that acts as a target gene-specific ERα corepressor and inhibits the growth of ERα-positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province 261053, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Pathology, The 422th Hospital of PLA, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province 524000, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiming Ling
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province 261053, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; College of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province 261053, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chaozhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiyu Ju
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province 261053, China
| | - Yanzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province 261053, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Chunyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
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Tolušić Levak M, Mihalj M, Koprivčić I, Lovrić I, Novak S, Bijelić N, Baus-Lončar M, Belovari T, Kralik K, Pauzar B. Differential Expression of TFF Genes and Proteins in Breast Tumors. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:264-277. [PMID: 30431719 PMCID: PMC6532012 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY – The objective of this study was to determine differential expression of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 genes and proteins in breast tumor subtypes. In addition, we investigated the correlation between TFF genes within tumor subgroups, and TFF genes with clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumor. Study group included 122 patients with surgically removed breast tumors. Samples were investigated using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. TFF1 and TFF3 genes and proteins were expressed in breast tumors, while the levels of TFF2 gene and protein expression were very low or undetectable. TFF1 was significantly more expressed in benign tumors, while TFF3 was more expressed in malignant tumors. Gene and protein expression of both TFF1 and TFF3 was greater in lymph node-negative tumors, hormone positive tumors, tumors with moderate levels of Ki67 expression, and in grade II tumors. A strong positive correlation was found between TFF1 and TFF3 genes, and the expression of both negatively correlated with Ki67 and the level of tumor histologic differentiation. Our results suggest that TFF1 and TFF3, but not TFF2, may have a role in breast tumor pathogenesis and could be used in the assessment of tumor differentiation and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Koprivčić
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Lovrić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikola Bijelić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirela Baus-Lončar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Belovari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kralik
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Biljana Pauzar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Clinical Cytology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
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10
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Sunagawa M, Yamaguchi J, Kokuryo T, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Sugawara G, Nagino M. Trefoil factor family 1 expression in the invasion front is a poor prognostic factor associated with lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2017; 17:782-787. [PMID: 28760494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trefoil Factor Family protein 1 (TFF1) is secreted from mucus-producing cells. The relationship between TFF1 expression and clinical outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of TFF1 expression in PDAC. METHODS TFF1 expression was examined on paraffin-embedded sections from 91 patients with resected PDAC using immunohistochemistry. The relationships between TFF1 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS Among 91 PDAC patients, 71 patients (79.7%) showed TFF1 expression in cancer cells. In a subgroup of 71 patients, TFF1 expression was predominantly observed in the central part of the tumor, whereas TFF1 expression in the invasion front was reduced in 33 patients (46.4%). A significant correlation between preserved TFF1 expression in the invasion front and lymph node metastasis was observed. Univariate survival analysis revealed that preserved TFF1 expression in the invasion front, positive lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis and R1 resection was a significant poor prognostic factor in TFF1-positive PDAC patients. CONCLUSIONS TFF1 expression is frequently lost or decreased in the invasion front of human PDAC, and preserved TFF1 expression in the invasion front might predict poor survival in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sunagawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kokuryo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Gen Sugawara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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11
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Guo S, Lu X, Gu R, Zhang D, Sun Y, Feng Y. Transcriptome analysis of endometrial tissues following GnRH agonist treatment in a mouse adenomyosis model. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:695-704. [PMID: 28331289 PMCID: PMC5352156 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s127889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Adenomyosis is a common, benign gynecological condition of the female reproductive tract characterized by heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are one of the medications used in adenomyosis treatment; however, their underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain endometrial samples from women undergoing such treatment. To overcome this, we generated an adenomyosis mouse model, which we treated with an GnRH agonist to determine its effect on pregnancy outcomes. We also analyzed endometrial gene expression following GnRH agonist treatment to determine the mechanisms that may affect pregnancy outcome in individuals with adenomyosis. Methods Neonatal female mice were divided into a control group, an untreated adenomyosis group, and an adenomyosis group treated with a GnRH agonist (n=6 each). The pregnancy outcome was observed and compared among the groups. Then, three randomly chosen transcriptomes from endometrial tissues from day 4 of pregnancy were analyzed between the adenomyosis group and the GnRH agonist treatment group by RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The litter size was significantly smaller in the adenomyosis group than in the control group (7±0.28 vs 11±0.26; P<0.05). However, the average live litter size was increased (10±0.28 vs 7±0.28; P<0.05) after GnRH agonist treatment. Three hundred and fifty-nine genes were differentially expressed in the GnRH agonist-treated group compared with the untreated group (218 were downregulated and 141 were upregulated). Differentially expressed genes were related to diverse biological processes, including estrogen metabolism, cell cycle, and metabolite biosynthesis. Conclusion GnRH agonist treatment appears to improve the pregnancy outcome of adenomyosis in a mouse model. Besides pituitary down-regulation, other possible mechanisms such as the regulation of cell proliferation may play a role in this. These new insights into GnRH agonist mechanisms will be useful for future adenomyosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihuan Gu
- Gynecology, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & In Vitro Fertilization Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijuan Sun
- Gynecology, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & In Vitro Fertilization Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wells JM, Ginter PS, Liu Y, Chen Z, Narula N, Shin SJ. Evaluating the utility of trefoil factor 1 as a mammary-specific immunostain compared and in conjunction with GATA-3 and mammaglobin in the distinction between carcinoma of breast and lung. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:444-51. [PMID: 26276775 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpc7fa3ihypepf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The distinction between metastatic breast carcinomas (BCs) and primary lung carcinomas (PLCs) can be difficult. This study tested the utility of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) for this purpose and compared it with mammaglobin and GATA protein binding 3 (GATA-3). METHODS Tissue microarrays containing 365 BCs and 338 PLCs were stained with TFF1, mammaglobin, and GATA-3, and an H-score was calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated, and logistical regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Accuracy of correctly classifying the tumor type was 81.9%, 71.3%, and 64.0% for GATA-3, mammaglobin, and TFF1, respectively. Odds ratios for selecting BCs were 25.69, 93.15, and 4.17, respectively, with P values less than .001. With a single exception, the best immunopanel included GATA-3 and mammaglobin in all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS TFF1 demonstrated breast specificity but was inferior to mammaglobin and GATA-3. Therefore, its routine clinical use may not be justified. TFF1 showed little benefit when added to an immunopanel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yifang Liu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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13
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Soutto M, Chen Z, Saleh MA, Katsha A, Zhu S, Zaika A, Belkhiri A, El-Rifai W. TFF1 activates p53 through down-regulation of miR-504 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5663-73. [PMID: 25015107 PMCID: PMC4170596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of TFF1 is frequently down-regulated in human gastric cancer whereas its knockout leads to the development of gastric adenomas and carcinomas in mouse models. The molecular mechanisms underlying the TFF1 tumor suppressor functions remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate, using colony formation assay and Annexin V staining, that reconstitution of TFF1 expression in gastric cancer cell models suppresses cell growth and promotes cell death. Furthermore, using a tumor xenograft mouse model of gastric cancer, we demonstrated that reconstitution of TFF1 suppresses tumor growth in vivo. The results from PG13-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis indicated that TFF1 promotes the expression and transcription activity of the p53 protein. Further analysis using cycloheximide-based protein assay and quantitative real-time PCR data suggested that TFF1 does not interfere with p53 mRNA levels or protein stability. Alternatively, we found that the reconstitution of TFF1 down-regulates miR-504, a negative regulator of p53. Western blot analysis data demonstrated that miR-504 abrogates TFF1-induced p53 protein expression and activity. In conclusion, the in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate, for the first time, a novel mechanism by which the tumor suppressor functions of TFF1 involve activation of p53 through down-regulation of miR-504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ahmed Katsha
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14
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HEGER ZBYNEK, GUMULEC JAROMIR, CERNEI NATALIA, TMEJOVA KATERINA, KOPEL PAVEL, BALVAN JAN, MASARIK MICHAL, ZITKA ONDREJ, BEKLOVA MIROSLAVA, ADAM VOJTECH, KIZEK RENE. 17β-estradiol-containing liposomes as a novel delivery system for the antisense therapy of ER-positive breast cancer: An in vitro study on the MCF-7 cell line. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:921-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Jeong YJ, Oh HK, Bong JG. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 associated with breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:230-234. [PMID: 24959251 PMCID: PMC4063580 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a cancer predisposition syndrome that includes a combination of endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. The present study reports a rare case of MEN1 associated with breast cancer with the MEN1 gene mutation. A 45-year-old female was diagnosed with breast cancer subsequent to presenting with a right breast mass. Pre-operative radiological studies indicated right breast cancer with a suspicious metastatic nodule of the lung. Further studies demonstrated bilateral thyroid nodules, a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, paraganglioma, a left adrenal adenoma, gallstones, uterine subserosal myoma and pituitary macroadenoma. Laboratory examinations revealed hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and an increased intact parathyroid hormone level. The workup for the suspected MEN syndrome revealed an increased basal plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-1, prolactin and calcitonin, and an increased 24-h urinary free cortisol level. The patient underwent surgical removal of the breast cancer and the tumors of the pancreas, adrenal gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, uterus, anterior mediastinum and lung. The pathological diagnosis of the resected breast was of invasive ductal carcinoma. Otherwise the pathological diagnosis was of calcitonin-producing pancreatic endocrine carcinoma, adrenal cortical adenoma, bilateral papillary thyroid carcinomas, parathyroid adenomas, uterine leiomyoma with adenomyosis, a thymic carcinoid tumor and lung hamatoma. Gene analysis was performed to determine the association between gene mutations and the development of tumors in this patient, and a germ-line MEN1 gene mutation was consequently detected. It could be assumed that MEN1 syndrome may have possibly predisposed the present patient to breast cancer. However, additional observations and further studies are required to demonstrate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kyu Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Bong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
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16
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Markićević M, Džodić R, Buta M, Kanjer K, Mandušić V, Nešković-Konstantinović Z, Nikolić-Vukosavljević D. Trefoil factor 1 in early breast carcinoma: a potential indicator of clinical outcome during the first 3 years of follow-up. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:663-73. [PMID: 24843314 PMCID: PMC4025164 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role of an estrogen-regulated, autocrine motogenic factor was assumed to be a major biological role of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) in breast cancer. TFF1 is regarded as a predictive factor for positive response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients. The aim of our study was to examine TFF1 level distribution in breast carcinomas in order to distinguish estrogen-independent from estrogen-dependent TFF1 expression and to evaluate clinical usefulness of TFF1 status in early breast cancer during the first 3 years of follow-up. METHODS The study included 226 patients with primary operable invasive early breast carcinomas for whom an equal, a 3-year follow-up was conducted. TFF1 levels as well as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels were measured in cytosolic extracts of tumor samples by immunoradiometric assay or by use of classical biochemical method, respectively. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied for data analyses. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that TFF1 levels were significantly higher in premenopausal patients (p=0.02), or in tumors with: lower histological grade (p<0.001), positive ER or PR status (p<0.001, in both cases). On the basis of TFF1 level distribution between ER-negative and ER-positive postmenopausal patients with tumors of different histological grade, 14 ng/mg was set as the cut-off value to distinguish estrogen-independent from estrogen-dependent TFF1 expression in breast cancer. Depending on menopausal and PR status, positive TFF1 status identified patients at opposite risk for relapse among ER-positive patients with grade II tumors. Among ER- and PR-positive premenopausal patients with grade II tumors, TFF1 status alone identified patients at opposite risk for relapse. CONCLUSIONS Determination of TFF1 status might identify patients at different risk for relapse and help in making decision on administering adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer patients during the first 3 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Markićević
- 1. Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radan Džodić
- 2. Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; ; 3. University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Buta
- 2. Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Kanjer
- 1. Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Mandušić
- 4. Vinča Institute of Nuclear Science, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zora Nešković-Konstantinović
- 5. Clinic of Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Nikolić-Vukosavljević
- 1. Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Feng G, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Bai R, Zheng J, Zhang J, Song M. DNA methylation of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is associated with the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:109-17. [PMID: 24190027 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a peptide belonging to the trefoil factor family of protease‑resistant peptides. Although TFF1 expression is frequently lost in gastric carcinomas (GCs), the tumorigenic pathways that are affected have yet to be determined. The aim of the current study was to identify the mechanism(s) by which the TFF1 gene is regulated in gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, TFF1 was shown to be silenced or downregulated in gastric tumor tissue compared with matched non‑cancerous tissue. In addition, human gastric cells weakly expressed TFF1. The hypermethylation status in the promoter CpG islands appeared to be correlated with TFF1 expression levels in gastric cell lines or specimen tissue. Further molecular analysis indicated that the CpG islands play a role in the promoter activity of the TFF1 gene. The expression of TFF1 and DNA methylation of its promoter affected cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of TFF1 in gastric cell lines was restored with a demethylating agent, 5‑azacytidine. Low expression of TFF1 in gastric cell lines and cancer tissue is associated with TP 53. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that DNA methylation is a key mechanism of silencing TFF1 expression in human gastric cells and TFF1 gene hypermethylation of the CpG islands is a potential biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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18
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Tilghman SL, Townley I, Zhong Q, Carriere PP, Zou J, Llopis SD, Preyan LC, Williams CC, Skripnikova E, Bratton MR, Zhang Q, Wang G. Proteomic signatures of acquired letrozole resistance in breast cancer: suppressed estrogen signaling and increased cell motility and invasiveness. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2440-55. [PMID: 23704778 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.023861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors, such as letrozole, have become the first-line treatment for postmenopausal women with estrogen-dependent breast cancer. However, acquired resistance remains a major clinical obstacle. Previous studies demonstrated constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling, overexpression of HER2, and down-regulation of aromatase and ERα in letrozole-resistant breast cancer cells. Given the complex signaling network involved in letrozole-refractory breast cancer and the lack of effective treatment for hormone resistance, further investigation of aromatase inhibitor resistance by a novel systems biology approach may reveal previously unconsidered molecular changes that could be utilized as therapeutic targets. This study was undertaken to characterize for the first time global proteomic alterations occurring in a letrozole-resistant cell line. A quantitative proteomic analysis of the whole cell lysates of LTLT-Ca (resistant) versus AC-1 cells (sensitive) was performed to identify significant protein expression changes. A total of 1743 proteins were identified and quantified, of which 411 were significantly up-regulated and 452 significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05, fold change > 1.20). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that acquired letrozole resistance is associated with a hormone-independent, more aggressive phenotype. LTLT-Ca cells exhibited 84% and 138% increase in migration and invasion compared with the control cells. The ROCK inhibitor partially abrogated the enhanced migration and invasion of the letrozole-resistant cells. Flow cytometric analyses also demonstrated an increase in vimentin and twist expression in letrozole-resistance cells, suggesting an onset of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, targeted gene expression arrays confirmed a 28-fold and sixfold up-regulation of EGFR and HER2, respectively, whereas ERα and pS2 were dramatically reduced by 28-fold and 1100-fold, respectively. Taken together, our study revealed global proteomic signatures of a letrozole-resistant cell line associated with hormone independence, enhanced cell motility, EMT and the potential values of several altered proteins as novel prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for letrozole resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syreeta L Tilghman
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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Khan P, Drobic B, Pérez-Cadahía B, Healy S, He S, Davie JR. Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 are required for maximal trefoil factor 1 induction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63189. [PMID: 23675462 PMCID: PMC3652853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (MSK1 and MSK2), activated downstream of the ERK- and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways are involved in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Following mitogenic or stress stimuli, they mediate the nucleosomal response, which includes phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10ph) coupled with transcriptional activation of immediate-early genes. While MSK1 and MSK2 are closely related, their relative roles may vary with cellular context and/or stimuli. However, our knowledge of MSK2 recruitment to immediate-early genes is limited, as research has primarily focused on MSK1. Here, we demonstrate that both MSK1 and MSK2, regulate the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced expression of the breast cancer marker gene, trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), by phosphorylating H3S10 at its 5′ regulatory regions. The MSK-mediated phosphorylation of H3S10 promotes the recruitment of 14-3-3 isoforms and BRG1, the ATPase subunit of the BAF/PBAF remodeling complex, to the enhancer and upstream promoter elements of TFF1. The recruited chromatin remodeling activity leads to the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain phosphorylation at the TFF1 promoter, initiating TFF1 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, we show that MSK1 or MSK2 is recruited to TFF1 regulatory regions, but as components of different multiprotein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protiti Khan
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bojan Drobic
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Cadahía
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shannon Healy
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James R. Davie
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Soutto M, Belkhiri A, Piazuelo MB, Schneider BG, Peng D, Jiang A, Washington MK, Kokoye Y, Crowe SE, Zaika A, Correa P, Peek RM, El-Rifai W. Loss of TFF1 is associated with activation of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and gastric neoplasia in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1753-67. [PMID: 21490402 DOI: 10.1172/jci43922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a peptide belonging to the trefoil factor family of protease-resistant peptides. Although TFF1 expression is frequently lost in gastric carcinomas, the tumorigenic pathways this affects have not been determined. Here we show that Tff1-knockout mice exhibit age-dependent carcinogenic histological changes in the pyloric antrum of the gastric mucosa, progressing from gastritis to hyperplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and ultimately malignant adenocarcinoma. The histology and molecular signatures of gastric lesions in the Tff1-knockout mice were consistent with an inflammatory phenotype. In vivo, ex-vivo, and in vitro studies showed that TFF1 expression suppressed TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation through the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)/IκB kinase (IKK) pathway. Consistent with these mouse data, human gastric tissue samples displayed a progressive decrease in TFF1 expression and an increase in NF-κB activation along the multi-step carcinogenesis cascade. Collectively, these results provide evidence that loss of TFF1 leads to activation of IKK complex-regulated NF-κB transcription factors and is an important event in shaping the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response during the progression to gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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21
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Deficiency in trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) increases tumorigenicity of human breast cancer cells and mammary tumor development in TFF1-knockout mice. Oncogene 2011; 30:3261-73. [PMID: 21358676 PMCID: PMC3141110 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although trefoil factor 1 (TFF1; previously named pS2) is abnormally expressed in about 50% of human breast tumors, its physiopathological role in this disease has been poorly studied. Moreover, controversial data have been reported. TFF1 function in the mammary gland therefore needs to be clarified. In this study, using retroviral vectors, we performed TFF1 gain- or loss-of-function experiments in four human mammary epithelial cell lines: normal immortalized TFF1-negative MCF10A, malignant TFF1-negative MDA-MB-231 and malignant TFF1-positive MCF7 and ZR75.1. The expression of TFF1 stimulated the migration and invasion in the four cell lines. Forced TFF1 expression in MCF10A, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells did not modify anchorage-dependent or -independent cell proliferation. By contrast, TFF1 knockdown in MCF7 enhanced soft-agar colony formation. This increased oncogenic potential of MCF7 cells in the absence of TFF1 was confirmed in vivo in nude mice. Moreover, chemically induced tumorigenesis in TFF1-deficient (TFF1-KO) mice led to higher tumor incidence in the mammary gland and larger tumor size compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, tumor development was increased in the TFF1-KO ovary and lung. Collectively, our results clearly show that TFF1 does not exhibit oncogenic properties, but rather reduces tumor development. This beneficial function of TFF1 is in agreement with many clinical studies reporting a better outcome for patients with TFF1-positive breast primary tumors.
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Zhou L, Yan T, Jiang Y, Di G, Shen Z, Shao Z, Lu J. Prognostic and predictive value of TFF1 for adjuvant endocrine therapy in Chinese women with early ER positive breast cancer: comparing aromatase inhibitors with tamoxifen. Breast 2010; 20:15-20. [PMID: 20619646 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors that predict in favor of an aromatase inhibitors (AIs) over tamoxifen (TAM) in estrogen receptor (ER) breast cancer remains to be identified. We compared progesterone receptor (PR) and trefoil factor 1 (TTF1) status (+ve versus -ve) as predictive of superior effect of AI's over tamoxifen among a total of 1973 Chinese women with early ER+ breast cancer. The expression of TFF1 was independently associated with ER and PR. However, there was no correlation with TFF1 and HER-2 expression. Treatment effect was more pronounced in the ER+/TFF1+ postmenopausal patients with a hazard ratio favoring AIs (HR = 0.397, 95%CI 0.183-0.860), but not in the PR positive cohorts (HR = 0.466, 95%CI 0.186-1.164). We suggested that AIs was better than TAM especially in the postmenopausal patients with ER+/TFF1+ breast cancer; however the clinical application of this observation still requires further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Hospital/Cancer Institute, Fudan University; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 399 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, China
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23
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Amiry N, Kong X, Muniraj N, Kannan N, Grandison PM, Lin J, Yang Y, Vouyovitch CM, Borges S, Perry JK, Mertani HC, Zhu T, Liu D, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor-1 (TFF1) enhances oncogenicity of mammary carcinoma cells. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4473-83. [PMID: 19589871 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The functional role of autocrine trefoil factor-1 (TFF1) in mammary carcinoma has not been previously elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that forced expression of TFF1 in mammary carcinoma cells resulted in increased total cell number as a consequence of increased cell proliferation and survival. Forced expression of TFF1 enhanced anchorage-independent growth and promoted scattered cell morphology with increased cell migration and invasion. Moreover, forced expression of TFF1 increased tumor size in xenograft models. Conversely, RNA interference-mediated depletion of TFF1 in mammary carcinoma cells significantly reduced anchorage-independent growth and migration. Furthermore, neutralization of secreted TFF1 protein by polyclonal antibody decreased mammary carcinoma cell viability in vitro and resulted in regression of mammary carcinoma xenografts. We have therefore demonstrated that TFF1 possesses oncogenic functions in mammary carcinoma cells. Functional antagonism of TFF1 can therefore be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Amiry
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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High-throughput cell-based screening reveals a role for ZNF131 as a repressor of ERalpha signaling. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:476. [PMID: 18847501 PMCID: PMC2577665 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is a transcription factor whose activity is affected by multiple regulatory cofactors. In an effort to identify the human genes involved in the regulation of ERalpha, we constructed a high-throughput, cell-based, functional screening platform by linking a response element (ERE) with a reporter gene. This allowed the cellular activity of ERalpha, in cells cotransfected with the candidate gene, to be quantified in the presence or absence of its cognate ligand E2. RESULTS From a library of 570 human cDNA clones, we identified zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) as a repressor of ERalpha mediated transactivation. ZNF131 is a typical member of the BTB/POZ family of transcription factors, and shows both ubiquitous expression and a high degree of sequence conservation. The luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that ZNF131 inhibits ligand-dependent transactivation by ERalpha in a dose-dependent manner. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay clearly demonstrated that the interaction between ZNF131 and ERalpha interrupts or prevents ERalpha binding to the estrogen response element (ERE). In addition, ZNF131 was able to suppress the expression of pS2, an ERalpha target gene. CONCLUSION We suggest that the functional screening platform we constructed can be applied for high-throughput genomic screening candidate ERalpha-related genes. This in turn may provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERalpha regulation in mammalian cells.
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25
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An association between invasive breast cancer and familial idiopathic hyperparathyroidism: a case series and review of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 115:1-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ildefonso C, Vazquez J, Guinea O, Perez A, Fernandez A, Corte MD, Junquera S, Gonzalez LO, Pravia P, Garcia-Moran M, Vizoso FJ. The mammographic appearance of breast carcinomas of invasive ductal type: Relationship with clinicopathological parameters, biological features and prognosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 136:224-31. [PMID: 17118521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical significance of the mammographic appearance of tumors in 411 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. STUDY DESIGN Tumors were classified into five radiographic subgroups: spiculated mass (A-type), diffuse changes with or without suspicious microcalcifications (B-type), microcalcifications with a mass (C-type), circumscribed (D-type), and not visible (E-type). Intratumoral levels of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, c-erbB-2, EGFR, pS2, cathepsin D and tPA, ploidy and S-phase fraction, were analysed in a significant number of cases. RESULTS A-type A radiographic pattern was detected in 234 patients (57%), B-type in 46 (11%), C-type in 46 (11%), D-type in 68 (17%), and E-type in 17 patients (4%). On the other hand, a total of 155 tumors (37.8%) showed microcalcifications. The percentage of tumors showing A-type pattern was more frequent in postmenopausal women, in well-differentiated tumors, and in those showing higher levels of ER, pS2 of tPA. However, B-type pattern was detected in a high percentage of premenopausal women and in those showing larger tumors, positive nodes, poor differentiation or high S-phase fraction. Cox multivariate analysis showed that B-type pattern and the absence of microcalcifications were factors significantly associated to high risk for relapse. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the mammographic appearance of tumor may to provide useful clinical information in addition to classical prognostic factor in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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Ruibal A, Arias J, Salmón AS. Reduced Clinicopathological Influence of Hormone-Dependence on Breast Carcinomas in Women Older than 70 Years. Int J Biol Markers 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the influence of hormone dependence on the features of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast we have assayed the cytosolic levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), pS2 and cathepsin D in 53 women aged over 70 years and in 95 women aged between 55 and 70 years. Tumor size, axillary involvement, distant metastasis, histological grade, ploidy and S-phase were taken into account. Carcinomas of women aged over 70 did not show higher concentrations or higher positive results for ER and PR than those of women in the 55–70-year age group. In older patients, negativity for ER was associated only with higher S-phase fraction, while negativity for PR was not associated with any of the parameters analyzed. In the younger subgroup, negativity for ER was associated with larger tumor size, higher S-phase fraction, lymph node involvement, histological grade 3 and lower pS2 values. Negativity for PR was associated with the same parameters, as well as with a higher frequency of recurrence. Our results suggest a reduced influence of hormone dependence on the clinicopathological features of breast carcinomas in patients older than 70 years compared with women aged between 55 and 70 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ruibal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela
| | - J.I. Arias
- Department of General Surgery, Monte del Naranco Hospital, Oviedo - Spain
| | - A. Sánchez Salmón
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela
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Lee JH, Ryu KW, Lee JS, Lee JR, Kim CG, Choi IJ, Park SR, Kook MC, Kim YW, Bae JM. Decisions for extent of gastric surgery in gastric cancer patients: younger patients require more attention than the elderly. J Surg Oncol 2007; 95:485-90. [PMID: 17195172 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a prevailing belief that young patients with gastric adenocarcinomas have a more aggressive disease. METHODS We reviewed the prospectively collected database of 753 gastric adenocarcinomas patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy. Clinicopathological factors and the survival rates for each pathological TNM stage were compared between patients younger than 40 years of age and the others. RESULTS Fifty-four (9.8%) patients were younger than 40 years of age. The overall accuracy of the intra-operative stage was 62.5%; 54.0% in the young patients and 63.5% in older patients (P = 0.006). Intraoperative under-staging was more commonly seen in the younger patients when compared to the older patients. These trends were more prominent in patients with surgical stage I disease. Age proved to be an independent risk factor influencing the accuracy of intraoperative staging using a logistic regression analysis. There was no difference in overall 3-year survival rate between the two age groups for each pathological TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that intra-operative under-staging was more common in young patients with gastric cancer, especially with stage I disease. This finding raises the concern for inaccurate diagnosis and surgical under treatment in younger patients with stage I gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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