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Fang Y, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Guo C, Wu J. Clinical significance and immune characteristics analysis of miR-221-3p and its key target genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:322-347. [PMID: 38189813 PMCID: PMC10817385 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-221-3p (miR-221-3p) facilitates the advancement of breast cancer (BC) through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our research aimed to utilize bioinformatics to discover possible EMT-related target genes (ETGs) of miR-221-3p and examine their roles in breast cancer. METHODS We employed bioinformatics techniques to identify ten key ETGs of miR-221-3p. Subsequently, we conducted an extensive analysis of both miR-221-3p and the ten ETGs, including clinical significance and immune characteristics. RESULTS The expression of miR-221-3p was notably higher in Basal-like BC compared to other subtypes and adjacent normal tissue. Our pathway analysis suggested that miR-221-3p might regulate EMT through the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting its ETGs. Among the ETGs, seven core genes (EGFR, IGF1, KDR, FGF2, KIT, FGFR1, and FGF1) exhibited downregulation in BC. Conversely, ERBB2, SDC1, and MMP14 showed upregulation in BC and displayed potential diagnostic value. The analysis of prognostication indicated that increased levels of SDC1 and MMP14 were correlated with an unfavorable prognosis, whereas elevated expression of KIT was associated with a more favorable prognosis. The infiltration of various immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) exhibited positive correlations with most ETGs and miR-221-3p. SDC1 exhibited a greater tumor mutational burden (TMB) score, while ERBB2, KDR, FGF2, KIT, FGFR1, and FGF1 showed lower TMB scores. Furthermore, decreased ERBB2 and KDR expression levels were correlated with elevated microsatellite instability (MSI) scores. Elevated expression of ETGs was linked to decreased mRNA stemness indices (mRNAsi), whereas miR-221-3p displayed the opposite pattern. Most ETGs and miR-221-3p expression exhibited a negative correlation with IC50 values for drugs. Among the ETGs, amplification was the most significant genetic alteration, except for IGF1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, miR-221-3p acts as a unique indicator for Basal-like BC. The examination revealed ten essential ETGs of miR-221-3p, some of which show potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers. The in-depth examination of these ten ETGs and miR-221-3p indicates their participation in the development of BC, emphasizing their promise as innovative targets for therapy in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Fang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qunchen Zhang
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zexiao Chen
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jundong Wu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
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Patasova K, Lundberg IE, Holmqvist M. Genetic Influences in Cancer-Associated Myositis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:153-163. [PMID: 36053262 PMCID: PMC10107284 DOI: 10.1002/art.42345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) comprise a heterogeneous group of rare immune-mediated disorders that primarily affect muscles but also lead to dysfunction in other organs. Five different clinical subphenotypes of IIM have been distinguished: dermatomyositis, polymyositis, inclusion body myositis, antisynthetase syndrome, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Excess mortality and morbidity associated with IIM are largely attributed to comorbidities, particularly cancer. The risk of malignancy is not equally distributed among IIM groups and is particularly high among patients with dermatomyositis. The cancer risk peaks around 3 years on either side of the IIM diagnosis and remains elevated even 10 years after the onset of the disease. Lung, colorectal, and ovarian neoplasms typically arise before the onset of IIM, whereas melanoma, cervical, oropharyngeal, and nonmelanoma skin cancers usually develop after IIM diagnosis. Given the close temporal proximity between IIM diagnosis and the emergence of malignancy, it has been proposed that IIM could be a consequence rather than a cause of cancer, a process known as a paramalignant phenomenon. Thus, a separate group of IIMs related to paramalignant phenomenon has been distinguished, known as cancer-associated myositis (CAM). Although the relationship between IIM and cancer is widely recognized, the pathophysiology of CAM remains elusive. Given that genetic factors play a role in the development of IIM, dissection of the molecular mechanisms shared between IIM and cancer presents an opportunity to examine the role of autoimmunity in cancer development and progression. In this review, the evidence supporting the contribution of genetics to CAM will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Patasova
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Holmqvist
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wasik A, Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Badzinski A, Dziegiel P, Podhorska-Okolow M. The Role of Periostin in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174225. [PMID: 36077762 PMCID: PMC9454705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers are common diseases that affect people of all ages worldwide. For this reason, continuous attempts are being made to improve current therapeutic options. The formation of metastases significantly decreases patient survival. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that are involved in this process seems to be crucial for effective cancer therapy. Cancer dissemination occurs mainly through blood and lymphatic vessels. As a result, many scientists have conducted a number of studies on the formation of new vessels. Many studies have shown that proangiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix protein, i.e., periostin, may be important in tumor angio- and lymphangiogenesis, thus contributing to metastasis formation and worsening of the prognosis. Abstract Periostin (POSTN) is a protein that is part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and which significantly affects the control of intracellular signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT, FAK) through binding integrin receptors (αvβ3, αvβ5, α6β4). In addition, increased POSTN expression enhances the expression of VEGF family growth factors and promotes Erk phosphorylation. As a result, this glycoprotein controls the Erk/VEGF pathway. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels, which may be significant in the process of metastasis. Moreover, POSTN is involved in the proliferation, progression, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Its increased expression has been detected in many cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma and glioblastoma. Many studies have shown that this protein may be an independent prognostic and predictive factor in many cancers, which may influence the choice of optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wasik
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkadiusz Badzinski
- Silesian Nanomicroscopy Center, Silesia LabMed: Research and Implementation Center, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Human Biology, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow
- Department of Human Biology, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Pawar A, Chowdhury OR, Chauhan R, Talole S, Bhattacharjee A. Identification of key gene signatures for the overall survival of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:12. [PMID: 35057823 PMCID: PMC8780391 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The five-year overall survival (OS) of advanced-stage ovarian cancer remains nearly 25-35%, although several treatment strategies have evolved to get better outcomes. A considerable amount of heterogeneity and complexity has been seen in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to establish gene signatures that can be used in better prognosis through risk prediction outcome for the survival of ovarian cancer patients. Different studies' heterogeneity into a single platform is presented to explore the penetrating genes for poor or better survival. The integrative analysis of multiple data sets was done to determine the genes that influence poor or better survival. A total of 6 independent data sets was considered. The Cox Proportional Hazard model was used to obtain significant genes that had an impact on ovarian cancer patients. The gene signatures were prepared by splitting the over-expressed and under-expressed genes parallelly by the variable selection technique. The data visualisation techniques were prepared to predict the overall survival, and it could support the therapeutic regime. RESULTS We preferred to select 20 genes in each data set as upregulated and downregulated. Irrespective of the selection of multiple genes, not even a single gene was found common among data sets for the survival of ovarian cancer patients. However, the same analytical approach adopted. The chord plot was presented to make a comprehensive understanding of the outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study helps us to understand the results obtained from different studies. It shows the impact of the heterogeneity from one study to another. It shows the requirement of integrated studies to make a holistic view of the gene signature for ovarian cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Pawar
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Oindrila Roy Chowdhury
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ruby Chauhan
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Talole
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Dronova TA, Babyshkina NN, Zavyalova MV, Slonimskaya EM, Cherdyntseva NV. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) Contributes to Tamoxifen Resistance in Estrogen-Positive Breast Cancer Patients. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aljabban J, Syed S, Syed S, Rohr M, Weisleder N, McElhanon KE, Hasan L, Safeer L, Hoffman K, Aljabban N, Mukhtar M, Adapa N, Allarakhia Z, Panahiazar M, Neuhaus I, Kim S, Hadley D, Jarjour W. Investigating genetic drivers of dermatomyositis pathogenesis using meta-analysis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04866. [PMID: 33015383 PMCID: PMC7522761 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dermatomyositis (DM) is a progressive, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with poorly understood pathogenesis. A hallmark of DM is an increased risk for developing breast, ovarian, and lung cancer. Since autoantibodies against anti-TIF-1-γ, a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, has a strong association with malignancy, we examined expression of the TRIM gene family to identify pathways that may be contributing to DM pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed the Search Tag Analyze Resource for GEO platform to search the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus to elucidate TRIM family gene expression as well as oncogenic drivers in DM pathology. We conducted meta-analysis of the data from human skin (60 DM vs 34 healthy) and muscle (71 DM vs 22 healthy). KEY FINDINGS We identified genes involved in innate immunity, antigen presentation, metabolism, and other cellular processes as facilitators of DM disease activity and confirmed previous observations regarding the presence of a robust interferon signature. Moreover, analysis of DM muscle samples revealed upregulation of TRIM14, TRIM22, TRIM25, TRIM27, and TRIM38. Likewise, analysis of DM skin samples showed upregulation of TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM 14, TRIM21, TRIM34, and TRIM38 and downregulation of TRIM73. Additionally, we noted upregulation of oncogenes IGLC1, IFI44, POSTN, MYC, NPM1, and IDO1 and related this change to interferon signaling. While the clinical data associated with genetic data that was analyzed did not contain clinical data regarding malignancy in these cohorts, the observed genetic changes may be associated with homeostatic and signaling changes that relate to the increased risk in malignancy in DM. SIGNIFICANCE Our results implicate previously unknown genes as potential drivers of DM pathology and suggest certain TRIM family members may have disease-specific roles with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Aljabban
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Saad Syed
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Rohr
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Laith Hasan
- Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Kalyn Hoffman
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Mukhtar
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Zahir Allarakhia
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Isaac Neuhaus
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Kim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dexter Hadley
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Wael Jarjour
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Rousseau JC, Bertholon C, Chapurlat R, Szulc P. Serum periostin is associated with cancer mortality but not cancer risk in older home-dwelling men: A 8-year prospective analysis of the STRAMBO study. Bone 2020; 132:115184. [PMID: 31812700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin (POSTN) regulates multiple biological behaviors of tumor cells. We studied the association of serum POSTN with mortality in home-dwelling men. METHODS POSTN was measured at baseline using immunoassay (USCN life science, China) in 815 home-dwelling men aged 60-87 followed-up for 8 years. RESULTS In the entire cohort, higher serum POSTN was associated with higher all-cause mortality [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.30 per Standard Deviation (SD), 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.13-1.50, p < .001] after adjustment for potential confounders. In a similar model, cancer mortality (n = 69) increased with POSTN levels (HR = 1.44 per SD, 95%CI: 1.16-1.78, p < .001). Cardiovascular mortality (n = 55) and non-cardiovascular-non-cancer mortality (n = 44) was not associated with POSTN levels (p = .28 and p = .94 respectively). In 107 men with prevalent cancer, all-cause mortality (HR = 1.93 per SD, 95%CI: 1.30-2.87, p < .005) and cancer mortality (HR = 2.07 per SD, 95%CI: 1.23-3.47, p < .01) increased with the increasing POSTN concentrations. In 613 men with incident cancer, higher POSTN concentrations were associated with higher cancer mortality (HR = 1.40 per SD, 95%CI: 1.12-1.76, p < .005) but not with the risk of cancer (HR = 1.16 per SD, 95%CI: 0.89-1.46, p = .21). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum POSTN is associated with higher cancer mortality, but not with the cancer risk in older home-dwelling men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Bertholon
- INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospice Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Zeng H, Li H, Zhao Y, Chen L, Ma X. Transcripto‐based network analysis reveals a model of gene activation in tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2019; 41:4098-4110. [PMID: 31589000 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
- Department of OncologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hui Li
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- West China School of MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yunuo Zhao
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- West China School of MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Linyan Chen
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
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Fiorino S, Di Saverio S, Leandri P, Tura A, Birtolo C, Silingardi M, de Biase D, Avisar E. The role of matricellular proteins and tissue stiffness in breast cancer: a systematic review. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1601-1627. [PMID: 29939077 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancies consist not only of cancerous and nonmalignant cells, but also of additional elements, as extracellular matrix. The aim of this review is to summarize meta-analyses, describing breast tissue stiffness and risk of breast carcinoma (BC) assessing the potential relationship between matricellular proteins (MPs) and survival. A systematic computer-based search of published articles, according to PRISMA statement, was conducted through Ovid interface. Mammographic density and tissue stiffness are associated with the risk of BC development, suggesting that MPs may influence BC prognosis. No definitive conclusions are available and additional researches are required to definitively clarify the role of each MP, mammographic density and stiffness in BC development and the mechanisms involved in the onset of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine 'C' Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salomone Di Saverio
- Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Box 201, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Internal Medicine 'C' Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Birtolo
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Silingardi
- Internal Medicine 'A' Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eli Avisar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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11
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Hu K, Xie X, Wang R, Wu F, Zhang Y. Association of the rs2071559 (T/C) polymorphism with lymphatic metastasis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7681-7686. [PMID: 29344214 PMCID: PMC5755165 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, VEGFR2, serve a critical role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which are involved in the initiation and progression of malignancies. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms of VEGF and VEGFR2 have been shown to modulate gene expression and influence malignancy aggressiveness. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the VEGFR2 rs2071559 (T/C) polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the aggressiveness of NPC in a southern Chinese population. A case-control study comprising 171 NPC patients and 184 healthy individuals was performed. Genotyping of the rs2071559 polymorphism was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Genotype and allele distribution of the rs2071559 polymorphism was not associated with the risk of NPC following adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Regional lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with the rs2071559 C allele and the related genotypes (OR 0.402, 95% CI 0.193-0.835, P=0.016; and OR 0.347, 95% CI 0.145-0.829, P=0.024, respectively). No correlations between genotype or allele distribution and the primary tumor size, distant metastasis, clinical stage, or histological type were observed. The rs2071559 polymorphism was shown to have an association with lymphatic metastasis in patients with NPC; however, the precise molecular mechanism should be elucidated in additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiujing Xie
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Cardoso JV, Abrão MS, Vianna-Jorge R, Ferrari R, Berardo PT, Machado DE, Perini JA. Combined effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor polymorphisms in endometriosis: a case-control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 209:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Elias EV, de Castro NP, Pineda PHB, Abuázar CS, de Toledo Osorio CAB, Pinilla MG, da Silva SD, Camargo AA, Silva WA, e Ferreira EN, Brentani HP, Carraro DM. Epithelial cells captured from ductal carcinoma in situ reveal a gene expression signature associated with progression to invasive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:75672-75684. [PMID: 27708222 PMCID: PMC5342769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer biomarkers that can precisely predict the risk of progression of non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions to invasive disease are lacking. The identification of molecular alterations that occur during the invasion process is crucial for the discovery of drivers of transition to invasive disease and, consequently, biomarkers with clinical utility. In this study, we explored differences in gene expression in mammary epithelial cells before and after the morphological manifestation of invasion, i.e., early and late stages, respectively. In the early stage, epithelial cells were captured from both pre-invasive lesions with distinct malignant potential [pure DCIS as well as the in situ component that co-exists with invasive breast carcinoma lesions (DCIS-IBC)]; in the late stage, epithelial cells were captured from the two distinct morphological components of the same sample (in situ and invasive components). Candidate genes were identified using cDNA microarray and rapid subtractive hybridization (RaSH) cDNA libraries and validated by RT-qPCR assay using new samples from each group. These analyses revealed 26 genes, including 20 from the early and 6 from the late stage. The expression profile based on the 20 genes, marked by a preferential decrease in expression level towards invasive phenotype, discriminated the majority of DCIS samples. Thus, this study revealed a gene expression signature with the potential to predict DCIS progression and, consequently, provides opportunities to tailor treatments for DCIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Vanina Elias
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadia Pereira de Castro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Baldan Pineda
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Sens Abuázar
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mabel Gigliola Pinilla
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Aranha Camargo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Center, Sirio-Libanese Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araujo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Napolitano e Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Paula Brentani
- Institute of Psychiatry-Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Genetic Variations of Kinase Inserts Domain Receptor (KDR) Gene Are Associated with the Risk of Astrocytomas. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2541-9. [PMID: 26081139 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytomas is one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors with high mortality rate. Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) is involved in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, migration, and vascular permeability. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between KDR polymorphisms and risk of astrocytomas. Blood samples were collected from 157 astrocytomas patients and 160 healthy controls. Three tag-SNPs (rs2071559C/T, rs2305948T/C, and rs1870377A/T) were identified from the International HapMap Project Databases and genotyped using the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We evaluated the astrocytomas risk caused by individual SNPs and haplotype using odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). In the overall individual SNP analysis, the C allele of rs2071559 was correlated with an increased risk of astrocytomas. However, individuals with mutant allele A and genotype TA + AA of rs1870377 showed a protective effect against astrocytomas. Subgroup analysis based on WHO tumor grade revealed that the C allele of rs2071559 had more influence with the risk of astrocytomas in the grade III-IV (OR = 1.91) subgroup than the grade I-II (OR = 1.47) group. Genotype TT of rs2305948 was found to be significantly associated with susceptibility of astrocytomas only in the grade III-IV subgroup. The protective effect of rs1870377 did not reveal significant difference between the grade III-IV and grade I-II subgroups. Meanwhile, stratified analysis demonstrated that mutation of rs2071559 and rs2305948 could elevate the risk of astrocytomas more significantly in the subgroup of smokers than the nonsmokers. Interestingly, the protective effect of rs1870377 was more obvious in the nonsmokers than the smokers. Additionally, haplotype-specific analysis showed that haplotype CCT and CTT were related with an increased risk of astrocytomas. We found that individual with variants of rs2071559*C and rs2305948*T might significantly elevate the risk of astrocytomas, while mutants of rs1870377*A was associated with the decreased risk of astrocytomas. Further studies about ethnically diverse populations with larger sample size should be performed to confirm the correlation between KDR gene polymorphisms and risk of astrocytomas.
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Lister NC, Clemson M, Morris KV. RNA-directed epigenetic silencing of Periostin inhibits cell motility. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:140545. [PMID: 26543579 PMCID: PMC4632543 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The over-expression of Periostin, a member of the fasciclin family of proteins, has been reported in a number of cancers and, in particular, in metastatic tumours. These include breast, ovarian, lung, colon, head and neck, pancreatic, prostate, neuroblastoma and thyroid cancers. It is thought that Periostin plays a major role in the development of metastases owing to its apparent involvement in restructuring of the extracellular matrix to create a microenvironment favouring invasion and metastases, angiogenesis, independent proliferation, avoidance of apoptosis and the ability for cells to re-enter the cell cycle. As such we reasoned that targeted suppression of Periostin at the promoter and epigenetic level could result in the stable inhibition of cell motility. We find here that promoter-directed small antisense non-coding RNAs can induce transcriptional gene silencing of Periostin that results ultimately in a loss of cellular motility. The observations presented here suggest that cell motility and possibly metastasis can be controlled by transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of Periostin, offering a potentially new and novel manner to control the spread of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Lister
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Clemson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin V. Morris
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Increased MTHFD2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8685-90. [PMID: 24870594 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP + -dependent) 2 (MTHFD2) and the associated clinical implications in breast cancer. MTHFD2 expression was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in 698 tissue sections taken from breast cancer patients. The relationship between MTHFD2 expression, clinicopathological parameters, and the prognosis of breast cancer was subsequently determined. In comparison with para-carcinoma tissue specimens, an enhanced expression of MTHFD2 was observed in breast cancer tissue specimens (P < 0.05). In total, 41.12 % (287/698) of breast cancer tissue specimens had high levels of MTHFD2. After universal and Spearman regression correlation analyses, MTHFD2 expression was found to correlate with tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastases (P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, patients with MTHFD2-expressing tumors had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with no or low MTHFD2 expression. (P = 0.002). Using the Cox regression test, MTHFD2 was identified as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001). MTHFD2 was differentially expressed in breast cancer tissue. Therefore, this protein may be an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for future breast cancer treatments.
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Predictive value of VEGF A and VEGFR2 polymorphisms in the response to intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for wet AMD. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:469-75. [PMID: 24522370 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether gene polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A) and its receptor (VEGFR) influence the response to a variable-dosing treatment regimen with ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 94 patients (94 eyes) with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with ranibizumab. Patients underwent a 1-year treatment as in the Study of Ranibizumab in Patients with Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (SUSTAIN). Injections were administered monthly during 3 months to all the patients diagnosed of neovascular AMD; reinjections were made when a patient lost 5 letters on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart or gained 100 μm in central subfield retinal thickness measured by OCT. Genotypes (VEGF A (rs 699947, rs833061) and VEGFR (rs 2071559)) were analyzed using TaqMan probes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subjective improvement, and macular thickness measured with OCT values were compared with VEGF A and VEGFR genotypes. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the statistical significance. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences in allelic distribution of VEGF A rs833061 polymorphism in relation with the response to intravitreal ranibizumab regarding to visual acuity improvement [p = 0,.34; OR: 1.619 (1.098-2.386)]. Patients carrying "protector" genotype CC had higher probability of best corrected visual acuity improvement. When we analyzed VEGF A rs699947 polymorphism we found that patients expressing AA genotype had a higher chance of increasing their best corrected visual acuity [p:0,022; OR 1,532 (1,015-2,313)]. We did not find statistically significant differences reagarding VEGFR rs2071559 polymorphism and treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms of VEGF A seem to influence the different response to antiangiogenic treatment in patients with AMD in our population, although further investigation is needed to know the mechanisms of this relationship.
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No association between genetic variants in angiogenesis and inflammation pathway genes and breast cancer survival among Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:619-24. [PMID: 23850146 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis and inflammation are implicated in breast cancer prognosis; however, the role of individual germline variation in related genes is unknown. METHODS A two-stage candidate pathway association study was conducted among 6983 Chinese women. Stage 1 included 2884 women followed for a median of 5.7 years; Stage 2 included 4099 women followed for a median of 4.0 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the effects of genetic variants on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Stage 1 included genotyping of 506 variants in 22 genes; analysis was conducted for 370 common variants. Nominally significant associations with DFS and/or OS were found for 20 loci in ten genes in Stage 1; variants in 19 loci were successfully genotyped and evaluated in Stage 2. In analyses of both study stages combined, nominally significant associations were found for nine variants in seven genes; none of these associations surpassed a significance threshold level corrected for the total number of variants evaluated in this study. CONCLUSIONS No association with survival was found for 370 common variants in 22 angiogenesis and inflammation pathway genes among Chinese women with breast cancer. IMPACT Our data do not support a large role for common genetic variation in 22 genes in breast cancer prognosis; research on angiogenesis and inflammation genes should focus on common variation in other genes, rare host variants, or tumor alterations.
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Wu G, Wang X, Zhang X. Clinical implications of periostin in the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:298-302. [PMID: 23347152 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression status of periostin in colorectal cancer (CRC) to lay a foundation for managing this disease. METHODS Periostin expression status was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in 720 CRC specimens. The relationship between the periostin protein and clinicopathological factors and prognosis was subsequently determined. RESULT The periostin protein was expressed significantly higher in CD133+ tumor cells compared to CD133- tumor cells. Positively expressed periostin was observed in 218 (30.28%) of the 720 cases. Spearman correlation analysis showed that periostin expression has a linear correlation to the tumor size, histological type, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and postoperative liver metastasis (p=0.02, 0.035, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that histological type, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and periostin were found to be related to liver metastasis (p=0.01, 0.035, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively). In the Cox regression test, the histological grade, Lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and periostin were detected as independent prognostic factors (p=0.01, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Periostin was found to be related to the liver metastasis of CRC and may be a potential target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of ShenYang Military Area Command , Shenyang, China
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20
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Jang MJ, Jeon YJ, Kim JW, Cho YK, Lee SK, Hwang SG, Oh D, Kim NK. Association of VEGF and KDR single nucleotide polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility in Koreans. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52 Suppl 1:E60-9. [PMID: 23169005 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) play crucial roles in angiogenesis, which contributes to the development and progression of solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of VEGF (-2578C > A, -1154G > A, -634G > C, and 936C > T) and KDR (-604T > C and 1192G > A) polymorphisms with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 882 participants (390 CRC patients and 492 controls) were enrolled in the study. The genotyping of VEGF and KDR polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We found that the CT and TT genotype of the 936C > T was associated with an increased risk of CRC compared with the CC genotype as the dominant model for the T allele. In addition, we also found a increased CRC risk with TC + CC genotype of KDR -604T > C compared with TT genotype in CRC patients and control subjects. Similarly, KDR 1192G > A also showed significant association between 1192G > A variants and risk of CRC. In the haplotype analyses, haplotype -2578A/-1154A/-634G/936T of VEGF polymorphisms and haplotype -604C/1192G and -604C/1192A of KDR polymorphisms were associated with an increased susceptibility of CRC. Our results suggest that the VEGF 936C > T, KDR -604T > C, and KDR 1192G > A polymorphisms may be contribute to CRC risk in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ju Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Rah H, Jeon YJ, Lee BE, Choi DH, Yoon TK, Lee WS, Kim NK. Association of kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) gene polymorphisms with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in Korean women. Fertil Steril 2012; 99:753-760.e8. [PMID: 23158831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) gene polymorphisms are risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in Korean women. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Three hundred twenty-seven idiopathic RSA patients and 230 controls with Korean ethnicity. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The KDR -604T→C (rs2071559), 1192G→A (rs2305948), and 1719A→T (rs1870377) polymorphisms were assessed. RESULT(S) KDR -604TC and TC+CC genotypes were more prevalent in RSA patients than in controls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.091 and 2.076, respectively). KDR -604TC+CC/1192GG, -604TC+CC/1719AA, and -604TC+CC/1719TA+TT combined genotypes exhibited higher frequencies in RSA patients (AOR = 2.422, 2.611, and 2.216, respectively). KDR -604C/1192G/1719A, -604C/1192G/1719T, -604C/1192G, -604C/1719A, and -604C/1719T haplotype frequencies were higher in RSA patients (OR = 1.778, 2.659, 2.089, 1.678, and 1.806, respectively), whereas -604T/1192G/1719A, -604T/1192G, and -604T/1719A haplotype frequencies were lower in RSA patients (OR = 2.422, 2.611, and 2.216, respectively). No association was found between RSA and KDR 1192G→A or 1719A→T. CONCLUSION(S) An association between the KDR -604T→C polymorphism and RSA was found in Korean women. Carriers of the -604C variant allele were more frequent among RSA patients than among controls, suggesting that KDR -604C may confer RSA risk. The association of 1719A→T with RSA that was found in Taiwanese Han women was not observed in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungchul Rah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Lee CI, Bassett LW, Leng M, Maliski SL, Pezeshki BB, Wells CJ, Mangione CM, Naeim A. Patients' willingness to participate in a breast cancer biobank at screening mammogram. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:899-906. [PMID: 23129174 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To characterize patients' willingness to donate a biospecimen for future research as part of a breast cancer-related biobank involving a general screening population. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 4,217 women aged 21-89 years presenting to our facilities for screening mammogram between December 2010 and October 2011. This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by our institutional review board. We collected data on patients' interest in and actual donation of a biospecimen, motivators and barriers to donating, demographic information, and personal breast cancer risk factors. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify patient-level characteristics associated with an increased likelihood to donate. Mean patient age was 57.8 years (SD 11.1 years). While 66.0 % (2,785/4,217) of patients were willing to donate blood or saliva during their visit, only 56.4 % (2,378/4,217) actually donated. Women with a college education (OR = 1.27, p = 0.003), older age (OR = 1.02, p < 0.001), previous breast biopsy (OR = 1.23, p = 0.012), family history of breast cancer (OR = 1.23, p = 0.004), or a comorbidity (OR = 1.22, p = 0.014) were more likely to donate. Asian-American women were significantly less likely to donate (OR = 0.74, p = 0.005). The major reason for donating was to help all future patients (42.3 %) and the major reason for declining donation was privacy concerns (22.3 %). A large proportion of women participating in a breast cancer screening registry are willing to donate blood or saliva to a biobank. Among minority participants, Asian-American women are less likely to donate and further qualitative research is required to identify novel active recruitment strategies to insure their involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph I Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, G3-200, Seattle, WA 98109-1023, USA.
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Kaya M, Çokakli M, Berk AT, Yaman A, Yesilirmak D, Kumral A, Atabey N. Associations of VEGF/VEGF-receptor and HGF/c-Met promoter polymorphisms with progression/regression of retinopathy of prematurity. Curr Eye Res 2012; 38:137-42. [PMID: 23094709 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.731550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect(s) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and HGF receptor (c-Met) polymorphisms on progression/regression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised both a prospective analysis and a clinically relevant laboratory investigation. Enrolled were 123 Turkish preterm infants--gestational age (GA), ≤34 weeks; birth weight (BW), ≤1500 g--from a single tertiary care center. Infants were grouped as those who had undergone laser therapy (Group 1, n = 42), those with spontaneously regressed ROP (Group 2, n = 50), and those with no ROP (controls) (Group 3, n = 31). VEGF (-634) C and VEGF (-460) C polymorphisms were analyzed using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (PCR-RFLP) technique. VEGFR-2, HGF, and c-Met gene promoter polymorphisms were determined by direct sequencing. RESULTS Mean GAs and BWs of infants in Groups 1 and 2 were statistically significantly lower than those of Group 3 (p = 0.001). Frequencies of VEGF (-634) C and VEGF (-460) C polymorphisms were similar for all groups. We found a +32G→A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the VEGFR-2 gene. HGF and c-Met gene promoter polymorphisms were not found in any group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there is no association between the carrier states of gene promoter polymorphisms VEGF (-634) C, VEGF (-460) C, and VEGFR-2, and progression or spontaneous regression of ROP in preterm infants. The absence of HGF and c-Met polymorphisms in our study groups suggests that polymorphisms in the minimal promoters of these genes are not involved in the pathogenesis of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Xu D, Xu H, Ren Y, Liu C, Wang X, Zhang H, Lu P. Cancer stem cell-related gene periostin: a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46670. [PMID: 23056395 PMCID: PMC3467269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression status of periostin in breast cancer stem cells and its clinical implications in order to lay a foundation for managing breast cancer. CD44+/CD24−/line- tumor cells (CSC) from clinical specimens were sorted using flow cytometry. Periostin expression status was detected in CSC cells and 1,086 breast cancer specimens by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining, with the CSC ratio determined by immunofluorescence double staining. The relationship between the periostin protein and clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis was subsequently determined. As a result, CSC cells are more likely to generate new tumors in mice and cell microspheres that are deficient in NOD/SCID compared to the control group. Periostin protein was expressed higher in CSC cells compared to the control cells and was found to be related to CSC chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, periostin expression was found to be related to the CSC ratio in 1,086 breast cancer specimens (P = 0.001). In total, 334 (30.76%) of the 1,086 breast cases showed high periostin expression. After universal and Spearman regression correlation analysis, periostin was observed to be related to histological grade, CSC ratio, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and triple-negative breast cancer (all P<0.05). Furthermore, periostin was shown to attain a significantly more distant bone metastasis and worse disease-specific survival than those with none or low-expressed periostin protein (P = 0.001). In the Cox regression test, periostin protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001). In conclusion, periostin was found to be related to the CSC and an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. It is also perhaps a potential target to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Xu
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ren
- Radiology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CL); (XW)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (XW)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Eng L, Azad AK, Habbous S, Pang V, Xu W, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Savas S, Mackay HJ, Amir E, Liu G. Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway polymorphisms as prognostic and pharmacogenetic factors in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4526-37. [PMID: 22733538 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important host process that interacts with cancer cells to promote growth, invasion, and metastasis. Numerous therapeutic agents targeting the VEGF pathway have been developed. Host variability in VEGF pathway can influence angiogenesis-dependent signaling, altering sensitivity to antiangiogenic drugs and prognosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted (May 1990-July 2011). Eligible studies involved cancer patients and compared polymorphisms in the VEGF pathway [VEGF and molecules directly interacting with VEGF: KDR, FLT1, FGF, FGF2, FGFR, NRP1, endostatin (encoded by COL18A1)], and reported one of the following outcomes: overall survival, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, disease-free survival, response rate, or drug toxicity. We identified 48 cancer studies assessing prognosis and 12 cancer studies exploring pharmacogenetics of anti-VEGF therapy across various VEGF pathway polymorphisms. There was marked inter- and intradisease site heterogeneity in the effect of polymorphisms on both outcome and response to therapy. Meta-analyses of 5 VEGF polymorphisms (+936C>T, -460T>C, +405G>C, -1154G>A, and -2578C>A) identified a significant prognostic relationship: VEGF +405G>C variants showed a highly statistically significant improvement in overall survival [HR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.91; P = 0.004]. Variants (heterozygotes and/or homozygotes) of VEGF +405G>C were significantly associated with improved survival in a meta-analysis of multiple cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson Eng
- Ontario Cancer Institute; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital/University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, CA
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Association between genetic variations of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and glioma in the Chinese Han population. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:448-57. [PMID: 22274884 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, which is an important step in the development of cancer, is directly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). In this study, we examined the association of five potentially functional VEGFR-2 polymorphisms with glioma risk in a Chinese Han population. Three SNPs, rs2071559, rs7667298 and rs2305948, showed a statistically significant increased association with the risk of glioma (P = 0.006, 0.005, and 0.012, respectively). Both haplotype and diplotype analyses consistently revealed that subjects carrying two copies of the haplotype "CGT" had a 42% reduced glioma risk compared with their respective noncarriers. Our findings suggested that VEGFR-2 gene variants might contribute to glioma susceptibility.
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Wang F, Song Y, Jiang Y, Yang C, Ding Z. Associations among periostin gene polymorphisms, clinical parameters and heart failure: a case-control study in 1104 Chinese individuals. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2011; 12:469-74. [PMID: 21558869 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328347e48c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the associations among periostin gene polymorphisms, clinical parameters and heart failure in a Chinese population. METHODS In total, 464 patients with heart failure and 640 control individuals were included in this study. rs3829365 and rs1028728 were genotyped through PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the independent strength of association among clinical parameters, genotypes and heart failure. RESULTS rs3829365 was associated with heart failure (P = 0.043), whereas rs1028728 was not (P = 0.188). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and hypertriglyceridemia in multivariate logistic regression, we found that CG or GG of rs3829365 [P = 0.015, odds ratio (OR) = 1.88] was an independent risk factor for heart failure and that CG or GG of rs3829365 (P = 0.039, OR = 0.94) and AT or TT of rs1028728 (P = 0.011, OR = 0.68) were significantly protective factors for heart failure in patients who smoked and in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, respectively. Moreover, heart failure in patients with CG or GG genotype of rs3829365 tended to be more severe than in those with CC genotype. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that rs3829365 of the periostin gene may be helpful to determine the susceptibility to, and severity of, heart failure. The interactions between rs3829365 and smoking and between rs1028728 and hypertriglyceridemia warrant further investigations for underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yang F, Tang X, Riquelme E, Behrens C, Nilsson MB, Giri U, Varella-Garcia M, Byers LA, Lin HY, Wang J, Raso MG, Girard L, Coombes K, Lee JJ, Herbst RS, Minna JD, Heymach JV, Wistuba II. Increased VEGFR-2 gene copy is associated with chemoresistance and shorter survival in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5512-21. [PMID: 21724587 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2 or kinase insert domain receptor; KDR) is a known endothelial target also expressed in NSCLC tumor cells. We investigated the association between alterations in the KDR gene and clinical outcome in patients with resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC; n = 248). KDR copy number gains (CNG), measured by quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization, were detected in 32% of tumors and associated with significantly higher KDR protein and higher microvessel density than tumors without CNGs. KDR CNGs were also associated with significantly increased risk of death (HR = 5.16; P = 0.003) in patients receiving adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy, but no differences were observed in patients not receiving adjuvant therapy. To investigate potential mechanisms for these associations, we assessed NSCLC cell lines and found that KDR CNGs were significantly associated with in vitro resistance to platinum chemotherapy as well as increased levels of nuclear hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in both NSCLC tumor specimens and cell lines. Furthermore, KDR knockdown experiments using small interfering RNA reduced platinum resistance, cell migration, and HIF-1α levels in cells bearing KDR CNGs, providing evidence for direct involvement of KDR. No KDR mutations were detected in exons 7, 11, and 21 by PCR-based sequencing; however, two variant single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes were associated with favorable overall survival in adenocarcinoma patients. Our findings suggest that tumor cell KDR CNGs may promote a more malignant phenotype including increased chemoresistance, angiogenesis, and HIF-1α levels, and that KDR CNGs may be a useful biomarker for identifying patients at high risk for recurrence after adjuvant therapy, a group that may benefit from VEGFR-2 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Xu Y, Duanmu H, Chang Z, Zhang S, Li Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Li K, Qiu F, Li X. The application of gene co-expression network reconstruction based on CNVs and gene expression microarray data in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1627-37. [PMID: 21611746 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are one type of the human genetic variations and are pervasive in the human genome. It has been confirmed that they can play a causal role in complex diseases. Previous studies of CNVs focused more on identifying the disease-specific CNV regions or candidate genes on these CNV regions, but less on the synergistic actions between genes on CNV regions and other genes. Our research combined the CNVs with related gene co-expression to reconstruct gene co-expression network by using single nucleotide polymorphism microarray datasets and gene microarray datasets of breast cancer, and then extracted the modules which connected densely inside and analyzed the functions of modules. Interestingly, all of these modules' functions were related to breast cancer according to our enrichment analysis, and most of the genes in these modules have been reported to be involved in breast cancer. Our findings suggested that integrating CNVs and gene co-expressed relations was an available way to analyze the roles of CNV genes and their synergistic genes in breast cancer, and provided a novel insight into the pathological mechanism of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Wang F, Yang C, Song Y, Jiang Y, Ding Z. Periostin gene polymorphisms, protein levels and risk of incident coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:359-67. [PMID: 21573804 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor the kinase domain receptor play critical roles in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Periostin is an up-regulator of kinase domain receptor expression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in periostin are associated with the risk of coronary artery disease. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP C-33G, SNP A-953T) within the promoter region were chosen for further analyses. A case-control study was carried out with patients of Han Chinese ethnicity, which consisted of 492 coronary artery disease cases and 498 controls. Genotyping was performed by means of PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and the plasma level of periostin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In our study, the TT genotype of SNP-A953T was present in the general Chinese population (3.5%), but not in the Han Chinese from Beijing Project (HAPMAP CHB). Plasma periostin concentrations were elevated significantly in patients with coronary artery disease (7.96±8.33 nmol/l) compared with those in healthy volunteers (3.93±1.71 nmol/l) (P=0.005). There was a significant correlation between the 953T genotype and the plasma level of periostin (r2=-0.490, P=0.039). The prevalence of the TT genotype in patients was associated with a slightly lower risk of coronary artery disease (OR=0.443, 95% CI=0.200-0.982), but was not significant after correction (OR=0.427, 95% CI=0.146-1.250). The periostin-33G allele frequency was not significantly different in cases versus controls. Our data suggest that plasma periostin level may serve as a biomarker for the risk of coronary artery disease, but the periostin polymorphisms SNPC-33G and SNPA-953T were not significantly associated with the risk of coronary artery disease in this Chinese population. Although a major effect of the SNPs in the periostin genes on coronary artery disease susceptibility was excluded, the effect of the A-953T SNP on susceptibility and protein expression needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
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Hixson JE, Shimmin LC, Montasser ME, Kim DK, Zhong Y, Ibarguen H, Follis J, Malcom G, Strong J, Howard T, Langefeld C, Liu Y, Rotter JI, Johnson C, Herrington D. Common variants in the periostin gene influence development of atherosclerosis in young persons. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1661-7. [PMID: 21474826 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of genetic variants (rare and common) in the gene encoding periostin (POSTN) on atherosclerosis as measured in arterial specimens from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive survey of common POSTN variants (87 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) in PDAY subjects (n = 2527) identified numerous SNPs associated with raised lesions in abdominal aorta and with fatty streaks in thoracic aorta. These SNPs belonged to a small number of correlation bins that spanned the entire locus. To examine effects of rare variants, we resequenced POSTN functional regions in PDAY cases with raised lesions (n = 291) and controls with no raised lesions (n = 294). However, we found no significant associations with case-control status for carriers of POSTN rare variants using the weighted-sum method for rare variant analysis. CONCLUSIONS We identified common variants in POSTN that are associated with arterial lesions in young persons from the PDAY study. This finding strongly supports a role for periostin in atherogenesis, as suggested by recent proteomics analysis that found abundant expression of periostin in atherosclerotic lesions. Genetic variation may influence atherosclerosis via periostin's known involvement in multiple relevant pathways, including angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and stimulation of migration and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
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Su MT, Lin SH, Lee IW, Chen YC, Kuo PL. Association of polymorphisms/haplotypes of the genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and its KDR receptor with recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:758-64. [PMID: 21257617 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) play an important role in angiogenesis, and their gene expression patterns also suggest a close relationship with early pregnancy. However, limited information is available regarding the role of the VEGF system, especially its KDR receptor, in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This study was conducted to investigate a genetic association between VEGF and its receptor gene (KDR) with idiopathic RPL. METHODS In this case-control study, 115 women who had experienced at least two consecutive spontaneous miscarriages (n= 62 women with two miscarriages, n= 53 with three or more) and 170 controls were included. A total of 14 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VEGF and KDR were selected from the HapMap Web site and three functional SNPs [rs1570360 (-1154G/A) of VEGF; rs2305948 (V297I) and rs1870377 (Q472H) of the KDR gene] were genotyped using primer extension analysis. We further used multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis to evaluate gene-gene interactions. RESULTS One tag SNP (rs6838752) and the functional SNP (Q472H) of the KDR gene were in complete linkage and showed significant differences between patients and controls (P< 0.05). The frequencies of haplotypes of VEGF (A-T-G haplotype) and KDR (A-C-A-T-G haplotype) showed significant differences in patients versus controls (P< 0.05). All comparisons with controls remained significant when the subgroup of women with three or more miscarriages was analyzed. CONCLUSIONS VEGF and its receptor gene (KDR) are associated with idiopathic RPL. The VEGF/KDR system jointly contributes to recurrent miscarriage in Taiwanese Han women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Tsz Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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Abstract
Attempts to find genes contribution to complex diseases, such as cancer, require new study designs which incorporate an efficient use of population resources and modern genotyping technologies. We describe here two approaches, used by us for the study of breast cancer, both of which take the use of biobanks. One uses a cancer registry as a source of case information, which is then linked to a biobank on blood DNA. The biobank provides also samples from matched controls. After genotyping, clinical data are retrieved from hospital records, and the results can be presented for genotype-specific cancer risks, or similarly for genotype-specific clinical and survival parameters. The second approach uses registered data on cancer in families or among twins. On defined groups of patients, paraffin tissue is collected by contacting the pathology departments of the hospitals where the patients were diagnosed. Tumor and healthy tissue is prepared and used for mutation, the loss of heterozygosity, or copy number analysis. We believe that in the era of whole-genome genotyping technologies, the importance of well-characterized sample sets cannot be overemphasized. Samples rather than technologies limit the rate of gene discovery in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Beeghly-Fadiel A, Shu XO, Lu W, Long J, Cai Q, Xiang YB, Zheng Y, Zhao Z, Gu K, Gao YT, Zheng W. Genetic variation in VEGF family genes and breast cancer risk: a report from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Genetics Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 20:33-41. [PMID: 21119072 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to mediating aspects of physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, the VEGF family also contributes to carcinogenesis. METHODS We comprehensively characterized genetic variation across four VEGF family genes and evaluated associations with breast cancer risk with odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs for participants of the two-stage case-control Shanghai Breast Cancer Genetics Study (SBCGS). Stage 1 evaluated 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across two VEGF ligands (VEGFA and VEGFC) and two VEGF receptors (FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2) among 2,079 cases and 2,148 controls. Five SNPs with promising associations were assessed in stage 2 among 4,419 cases and 1,851 controls. RESULTS Two SNPs were consistently associated with breast cancer risk across our two study stages and were significant in combined analyses. Compared with FLT1 rs9551471 major allele homozygotes (AA), reduced risks were associated with AG (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-1.00) and GG (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95) genotypes (P(trend) = 0.005). Compared with VEGFA rs833070 major allele carriers (CC or CT), increased risk was associated with TT genotypes (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Results from our study indicate that common genetic variation in VEGFA and FLT1 (VEGFR1) may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. IMPACT Our findings provide clues for future studies on VEGF family genes in relation to cancer susceptibility and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Hong JM, Kim TH, Kim HJ, Park EK, Yang EK, Kim SY. Genetic association of angiogenesis- and hypoxia-related gene polymorphisms with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:376-85. [PMID: 20215856 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.5.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors have been implicated in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In particular, non-traumatic ONFH is directly or indirectly related to injury of the vascular supply to the femoral head. Thus, hypoxia in the femoral head caused by impaired blood flow may be an important risk factor for ONFH. In this study, we investigated whether genetic variations of angiogenesis- and hypoxia-related genes contribute to an increased risk for the development of ONFH. Candidate genes were selected based on known hypoxia and angiogenesis pathways. An association study was performed using an Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping 3K Chip array with 460 ONFH patients and 300 control subjects. We showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes TF, VEGFC, IGFBP3, and ACE were associated with an increased risk of ONFH. On the other hand, SNPs in the KDR and NRP1 genes were associated with protection against ONFH. The most important finding was that one SNP (rs2453839) in the IGFBP3 gene was significantly associated with a higher risk of ONFH (P=0.0061, OR 7.74). In subgroup analysis, most candidate gene variations that were associated with ONFH occurred in the idiopathic subgroup. Among other SNPs, ACE SNPs were associated with steroid-induced ONFH (P=0.0018-0.0037, OR>3). Collectively, our findings suggest that genetic variations in angiogenesis- and hypoxia-related genes may help to identify susceptibility factors for the development of ONFH in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Hong
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-412, Korea
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Tischler V, Fritzsche FR, Wild PJ, Stephan C, Seifert HH, Riener MO, Hermanns T, Mortezavi A, Gerhardt J, Schraml P, Jung K, Moch H, Soltermann A, Kristiansen G. Periostin is up-regulated in high grade and high stage prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:273. [PMID: 20534149 PMCID: PMC2903527 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of periostin is an indicator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer but a detailed analysis of periostin expression in prostate cancer has not been conducted so far. METHODS Here, we evaluated periostin expression in prostate cancer cells and peritumoural stroma immunohistochemically in two independent prostate cancer cohorts, including a training cohort (n = 93) and a test cohort (n = 325). Metastatic prostate cancers (n = 20), hormone refractory prostate cancers (n = 19) and benign prostatic tissues (n = 38) were also analyzed. RESULTS In total, strong epithelial periostin expression was detectable in 142 of 418 (34.0%) of prostate carcinomas and in 11 of 38 benign prostate glands (28.9%). Increased periostin expression in carcinoma cells was significantly associated with high Gleason score (p < 0.01) and advanced tumour stage (p < 0.05) in the test cohort. Whereas periostin expression was weak or absent in the stroma around normal prostate glands, strong periostin expression in tumour stroma was found in most primary and metastatic prostate cancers. High stromal periostin expression was associated with higher Gleason scores (p < 0.001). There was a relationship between stromal periostin expression and shortened PSA relapse free survival times in the training cohort (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that periostin up-regulation is related to increased tumour aggressiveness in prostate cancer and might be a promising target for therapeutical interventions in primary and metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Tischler
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Vi L, Feng L, Zhu RD, Wu Y, Satish L, Gan BS, O'Gorman DB. Periostin differentially induces proliferation, contraction and apoptosis of primary Dupuytren's disease and adjacent palmar fascia cells. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3574-86. [PMID: 19619531 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease, (DD), is a fibroproliferative condition of the palmar fascia in the hand, typically resulting in permanent contracture of one or more fingers. This fibromatosis is similar to scarring and other fibroses in displaying excess collagen secretion and contractile myofibroblast differentiation. In this report we expand on previous data demonstrating that POSTN mRNA, which encodes the extra-cellular matrix protein periostin, is up-regulated in Dupuytren's disease cord tissue relative to phenotypically normal palmar fascia. We demonstrate that the protein product of POSTN, periostin, is abundant in Dupuytren's disease cord tissue while little or no periostin immunoreactivity is evident in patient-matched control tissues. The relevance of periostin up-regulation in DD was assessed in primary cultures of cells derived from diseased and phenotypically unaffected palmar fascia from the same patients. These cells were grown in type-1 collagen-enriched culture conditions with or without periostin addition to more closely replicate the in vivo environment. Periostin was found to differentially regulate the apoptosis, proliferation, alpha smooth muscle actin expression and stressed Fibroblast Populated Collagen Lattice contraction of these cell types. We hypothesize that periostin, secreted by disease cord myofibroblasts into the extra-cellular matrix, promotes the transition of resident fibroblasts in the palmar fascia toward a myofibroblast phenotype, thereby promoting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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Association of the VEGFR2 gene His472Gln polymorphism with endurance-related phenotypes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 107:95-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shih B, Wijeratne D, Armstrong DJ, Lindau T, Day P, Bayat A. Identification of biomarkers in Dupuytren's disease by comparative analysis of fibroblasts versus tissue biopsies in disease-specific phenotypes. J Hand Surg Am 2009; 34:124-36. [PMID: 19121738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers are molecular mediators that can serve as indicators of normal biological processes, pathologic processes, and therapeutic interventions. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers in Dupuytren's disease (DD), a fibroproliferative benign tumor with an unknown etiology and high recurrence after surgery. METHODS Bioinformatic analytical techniques were employed to identify candidate genes that may be differentially expressed in DD, which included gene expression analysis of microarray data and thorough literature searches in genetic linkage and other related biomolecular studies. All DD cases were males with advanced DD (n = 5, 66 years +/- 14). RNA was extracted from biopsies and corresponding cultures of normal fascia (unaffected transverse palmar fascia), palmar nodule and cord from each patient. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were performed to determine the gene expression levels for disease-related transcripts. RESULTS The bioinformatic analysis revealed 25 candidate genes, which were further short-listed to 6 genes via functional annotation. The 6 selected candidate genes included: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain (ADAM12), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member (ALDH1) A1, Iroquois homeobox protein 6 (IRX6), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), tenascin C (TNC), and periostin (POSTN). The culturing treatments were shown to have significant impact on the gene expression for ALDH1A1, PRG4, and TNC. In tissue biopsies, significant fold changes were observed for ADAM12, POSTN, and TNC in the cord and/or nodule when compared with that of normal fascia. ADAM12 and POSTN are associated with accelerated or abnormal cell growth, whereas TNC has been associated with fibrotic diseases and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated differential gene expression results in DD tissue biopsies compared with that of their corresponding cultures. ADAM12, POSTN, and TNC were identified from the cord and nodule biopsy samples as potential biomarkers in relation to DD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Shih
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Danesi R, Di Paolo A, Bocci G, Crea F, Del Tacca M. Pharmacogenetics in oncology. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Hemminki K, Ji J, Försti A, Sundquist J, Lenner P. Survival in breast cancer is familial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 110:177-82. [PMID: 17674192 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several earlier studies have assessed survival in breast cancer based on familial risk of this disease. The results have been conflicting and suggest that the risk and prognostic factors of cancer are largely distinct. As a novel concept, we searched for familial clustering of survival, i.e., concordance of survival among family members. We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for cause-specific and overall survival in invasive breast cancer. HR shows the probability of death in the study group compared the reference group. The study covered 1277 mother-daughter pairs with familial breast cancer. Their median follow-up times for survival ranged from 96 to 122 months. When the survival in daughters was analyzed according to the mothers' length of survival, there was a concordance of prognosis. The HR was 0.65 in daughters whose mothers had survived > or = 120 months compared to daughters whose mothers had survived less than 36 months (P-value for trend 0.02). When the analysis was reversed and HRs were derived for mothers, the results were essentially similar (P-value for trend 0.02). The survival did not differ between patients with familial or sporadic breast cancer. The results are consistent in showing that both good and poor survival in breast cancer aggregates in families, which is a novel population-level finding for any cancer. The consistency of the results suggests that the prognosis in breast cancer is in part heritable which is likely to be explained by yet unknown genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lei H, Hemminki K, Altieri A, Johansson R, Enquist K, Hallmans G, Lenner P, Försti A. Promoter polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors: few associations with breast cancer susceptibility and progression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 103:61-9. [PMID: 17033924 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The importance of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumor progression is well documented. We wanted to investigate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of these genes are associated with susceptibility to or progression of breast cancer. In this, so far largest case-control study, we genotyped eight SNPs in the MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, RECK and TIMP3 genes in a well-characterized breast cancer series of 959 cases and 952 controls from Sweden. Even though we did not correct for multiple comparisons, only a few associations were noted. We observed a moderately increased risk for the TT homozygotes of the MMP9-1562 C/T SNP (OR 1.88, 95% CI 0.97-3.63) and for the C allele carriers of the TIMP3-1296 T/C SNP (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.50). In the survival analysis, only the TC heterozygotes of the RECK-420 T/C SNP showed a better survival compared to the TT homozygotes (P = 0.02 in all cases and P = 0.03 in lymph node negative cases). None of the other SNPs conferred an increased breast cancer risk, nor did they correlate with survival. A combination of the -585 TT homozygosity in the RECK gene and the -1296 TT homozygosity in the TIMP3 gene correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor status (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.03-3.21 and OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.18-3.86, respectively), and a combination of the -1306 TT homozygosity in the MMP2 gene and the -1562 CC homozygosity in the MMP9 gene with progesterone receptor status (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.08-5.08). Although our study suggests some correlations between the studied SNPs and the progression of breast cancer, the rarity of the risk genotypes limits their usefulness in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Lei
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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