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Van Bockstal MR, Wesseling J, Lips EH, Smidt M, Galant C, van Deurzen CHM. Systematic assessment of HER2 status in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a perspective on the potential clinical relevance. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:125. [PMID: 39192322 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In many countries, hormone receptor status assessment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is routinely performed, as hormone receptor-positive DCIS patients are eligible for adjuvant anti-hormonal treatment, aiming to reduce the ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer risk. Although HER2 gene amplification and its associated HER2 protein overexpression constitute a major prognostic and predictive marker in invasive breast carcinoma, its use in the diagnosis and treatment of DCIS is less straightforward. HER2 immunohistochemistry is not routinely performed yet, as the role of HER2-positivity in DCIS biology is unclear. Nonetheless, recent data challenge this practice. Here, we discuss the value of routine HER2 assessment for DCIS. HER2-positivity correlates strongly with DCIS grade: around four in five HER2-positive DCIS show high grade atypia. As morphological DCIS grading is prone to interobserver variability, HER2 immunohistochemistry could render grading more robust. Several studies showed an association between HER2-positive DCIS and ipsilateral recurrence risk, albeit currently unclear whether this is for overall, in situ or invasive recurrence. HER2-positive DCIS tends to be larger, with a higher risk of involved surgical margins. HER2-positive DCIS patients benefit more from adjuvant radiotherapy: it substantially decreases the local recurrence risk after lumpectomy, without impact on overall survival. HER2-positivity in pure biopsy-diagnosed DCIS is associated with increased upstaging to invasive carcinoma after surgery. HER2 immunohistochemistry on preoperative biopsies might therefore provide useful information to surgeons, favoring wider excisions. The time seems right to consider DCIS subtype-dependent treatment, comprising appropriate local treatment for HER2-positive DCIS patients and de-escalation for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative DCIS patients.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Female
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Immunohistochemistry
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Grading
- Clinical Relevance
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke R Van Bockstal
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Pôle de Morphologie (MORF), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ester H Lips
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Smidt
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Galant
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Morphologie (MORF), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carolien H M van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Wu L, Zheng H, Guo X, Li N, Qin L, Li X, Lou G. Integrative analyses of genes associated with oxidative stress and cellular senescence in triple-negative breast cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34524. [PMID: 39130410 PMCID: PMC11315143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and cellular senescence (OSCS) have great impacts on the occurrence and progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study was intended to construct a prognostic model based on oxidative stress and cellular senescence related difference expression genes (OSCSRDEGs) for TNBC. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to identify OSCSRDEGs. The relationship between OSCSRDEGs and immune infiltration was examined using single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), ESTIMATE, and the CIBERSORT algorithm. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were employed to construct a prognostic model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomograms, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the prognostic efficacy. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized to explore the potential functions and mechanism. Results A comprehensive analysis identified a total of 27 OSCSRDEGs, out of which 15 genes selected for development of a prognostic model. A high degree of statistical significance was observed for the riskscores derived from this model to accurately predict TNBC Overall survival. The decision curve analysis (DCA) and ROC curve analysis further confirmed the superior accuracy of the OSCSRDEGs prognostic model in predicting efficacy. Notably, the nomogram analysis highlighted that DMD exhibited the highest utility within the model. In comparison between high and low OSCScore groups, the infiltration abundance of immune cells was statistically different in the TCGA-TNBC dataset. Conclusion These studies have effectively identified four essential OSCSRDEGs (CFI, DMD, NDRG2, and NRP1) and meticulously developed an OSCS-associated prognostic model for individuals diagnosed with TNBC. These discoveries have the potential to significantly contribute to the comprehension of the involvement of OSCS in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Luyao Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
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3
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Li Y, Wang Z, Yang J, Sun Y, He Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Liang Y, Zhang N, Wang X, Zhao W, Hu G, Yang Q. CircTRIM1 encodes TRIM1-269aa to promote chemoresistance and metastasis of TNBC via enhancing CaM-dependent MARCKS translocation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:102. [PMID: 38755678 PMCID: PMC11097450 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins encoded by noncanonical open reading frames (ORFs) of circRNAs have recently been recognized to play important roles in disease progression, but the biological functions and mechanisms of these peptides and proteins are largely unknown. Here, we identified a potential coding circular RNA, circTRIM1, that was upregulated in doxorubicin-resistant TNBC cells by intersecting transcriptome and translatome RNA-seq data, and its expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. CircTRIM1 possesses a functional IRES element along with an 810 nt ORF that can be translated into a novel endogenously expressed protein termed TRIM1-269aa. Functionally, we demonstrated that TRIM1-269aa, which is involved in the biological functions of circTRIM1, promoted chemoresistance and metastasis in TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that TRIM1-269aa can be packaged into exosomes and transmitted between TNBC cells. Mechanistically, TRIM1-269aa enhanced the interaction between MARCKS and calmodulin, thus promoting the calmodulin-dependent translocation of MARCKS, which further initiated the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, circTRIM1, which encodes TRIM1-269aa, promoted TNBC chemoresistance and metastasis by enhancing MARCKS translocation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation. Our investigation has yielded novel insights into the roles of protein-coding circRNAs and supported circTRIM1/TRIM1-269aa as a novel promising prognostic and therapeutic target for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yinqiao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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4
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Vogt M, Classen S, Krause AK, Peter NJ, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Borgmann K, Meyer F. USP7 Deregulation Impairs S Phase Specific DNA Repair after Irradiation in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:762. [PMID: 38672118 PMCID: PMC11047985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitinating enzyme with numerous substrates. Aberrant expression of USP7 is associated with tumor progression. This study aims to investigate how a deregulated USP7 expression affects chromosomal instability and prognosis of breast cancer patients in silico and radiosensitivity and DNA repair in breast cancer cells in vitro. The investigations in silico were performed using overall survival and USP7 mRNA expression data of breast cancer patients. The results showed that a high USP7 expression was associated with increased chromosomal instability and decreased overall survival. The in vitro experiments were performed in a luminal and a triple-negative breast cancer cell line. Proliferation, DNA repair, DNA replication stress, and survival after USP7 overexpression or inhibition and irradiation were analyzed. Both, USP7 inhibition and overexpression resulted in decreased cellular survival, distinct radiosensitization and an increased number of residual DNA double-strand breaks in the S phase following irradiation. RAD51 recruitment and base incorporation were decreased after USP7 inhibition plus irradiation and more single-stranded DNA was detected. The results show that deregulation of USP7 activity disrupts DNA repair in the S phase by increasing DNA replication stress and presents USP7 as a promising target to overcome the radioresistance of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felix Meyer
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center—University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.V.); (S.C.); (A.K.K.); (N.-J.P.); (C.P.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
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5
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Garikapati K, Young IC, Hong S, Rai P, Jain C, Briegel KJ. Blocking LBH expression causes replication stress and sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to ATR inhibitor treatment. Oncogene 2024; 43:851-865. [PMID: 38297083 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative (ER-PR-HER2-) breast cancers (TNBC) are highly aggressive and difficult to treat. TNBC exhibit high genomic instability, which enables them to adapt and become resistant to chemo/radiation therapy, leading to rapid disease relapse and mortality. The pro-survival factors that safeguard genome integrity in TNBC cells are poorly understood. LBH is an essential mammary stem cell-specific transcription regulator in the WNT pathway that is aberrantly overexpressed in TNBC, correlating with poor prognosis. Herein, we demonstrate a novel role for LBH in promoting TNBC cell survival. Depletion of LBH in multiple TNBC cell models triggered apoptotic cell death both in vitro and in vivo and led to S-G2M cell cycle delays. Mechanistically, LBH loss causes replication stress due to DNA replication fork stalling, leading to ssDNA breaks, ɣH2AX and 53BP1 nuclear foci formation, and activation of the ATR/CHK1 DNA damage response. Notably, ATR inhibition in combination with LBH downmodulation had a synergistic effect, boosting TNBC cell killing and blocking in vivo tumor growth. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that LBH protects the genome integrity of cancer cells by preventing replicative stress. Importantly, they uncover new synthetic lethal vulnerabilities in TNBC that could be exploited for future multi-modal precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koteswararao Garikapati
- DeWitt Daugherty Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - In-Chi Young
- DeWitt Daugherty Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sunhwa Hong
- DeWitt Daugherty Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Tumor Biology Program at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chaitanya Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karoline J Briegel
- DeWitt Daugherty Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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6
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Alabrahim OAA, Azzazy HMES. Synergistic anticancer effect of Pistacia lentiscus essential oils and 5-Fluorouracil co-loaded onto biodegradable nanofibers against melanoma and breast cancer. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:27. [PMID: 38353827 PMCID: PMC10866856 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and severe toxicities represent major drawbacks of chemotherapy. Natural extracts, including the essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus (PLEO), exhibit substantial anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities where different cancers are reported to dramatically recess following targeting with PLEO. PLEO has promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the therapeutic properties of PLEO are restricted by limited stability, bioavailability, and targeting ability. PLEO nanoformulation can maximize their physicochemical and therapeutic properties, overcoming their shortcomings. Hence, PLEO was extracted and its chemical composition was determined by GC-MS. PLEO and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) were electrospun into poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibers (PCL-NFs), of 290.71 nm to 680.95 nm diameter, to investigate their anticancer and potential synergistic activities against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and human skin melanoma cell line (A375). The prepared nanofibers (NFs) showed enhanced thermal stability and remarkable physical integrity and tensile strength. Biodegradability studies showed prolonged stability over 42 days, supporting the NFs use as a localized therapy of breast tissues (postmastectomy) or melanoma. Release studies revealed sustainable release behaviors over 168 h, with higher released amounts of 5FU and PLEO at pH 5.4, indicating higher targeting abilities towards cancer tissues. NFs loaded with PLEO showed strong antioxidant properties. Finally, NFs loaded with either PLEO or 5FU depicted greater anticancer activities compared to free compounds. The highest anticancer activities were observed with NFs co-loaded with PLEO and 5FU. The developed 5FU-PLEO-PCL-NFs hold potential as a local treatment of breast cancer tissues (post-mastectomy) and melanoma to minimize their possible recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaydah Abd Alkader Alabrahim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, Germany.
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Zhu J, Min N, Gong W, Chen Y, Li X. Identification of Hub Genes and Biological Mechanisms Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040998. [PMID: 37109526 PMCID: PMC10146727 DOI: 10.3390/life13040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been widely recognized, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The objective of this study was to identify the hub genes associated with NAFLD and TNBC, and to explore the potential co-pathogenesis and prognostic linkage of these two diseases. We used GEO, TCGA, STRING, ssGSEA, and Rstudio to investigate the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), conduct functional and signaling pathway enrichment analyses, and determine prognostic value between TNBC and NAFLD. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the common DEGs showed that they were enriched in leukocyte aggregation, migration and adhesion, apoptosis regulation, and the PPAR signaling pathway. Fourteen candidate hub genes most likely to mediate NAFLD and TNBC occurrence were identified and validation results in a new cohort showed that ITGB2, RAC2, ITGAM, and CYBA were upregulated in both diseases. A univariate Cox analysis suggested that high expression levels of ITGB2, RAC2, ITGAM, and CXCL10 were associated with a good prognosis in TNBC. Immune infiltration analysis of TNBC samples showed that NCF2, ICAM1, and CXCL10 were significantly associated with activated CD8 T cells and activated CD4 T cells. NCF2, CXCL10, and CYBB were correlated with regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. This study demonstrated that the redox reactions regulated by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunit genes and the transport and activation of immune cells regulated by integrins may play a central role in the co-occurrence trend of NAFLD and TNBC. Additionally, ITGB2, RAC2, and ITGAM were upregulated in both diseases and were prognostic protective factors of TNBC; they may be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of TNBC patients with NAFLD, but further experimental studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ningning Min
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenye Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yizhu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Sialyl Lewis X/A and Cytokeratin Crosstalk in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030731. [PMID: 36765690 PMCID: PMC9913872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses multiple entities and is generally highly aggressive and metastatic. We aimed to determine the clinical and biological relevance of Sialyl-Lewis X and A (sLeX/A)-a fucosylated glycan involved in metastasis-in TNBC. Here, we studied tissues from 50 TNBC patients, transcripts from a TNBC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a primary breast cancer cell line. All 50 TNBC tissue samples analysed expressed sLeX/A. Patients with high expression of sLeX/A had 3 years less disease-free survival than patients with lower expression. In tissue, sLeX/A negatively correlated with cytokeratins 5/6 (CK5/6, which was corroborated by the inverse correlation between fucosyltransferases and CK5/6 genes. Our observations were confirmed in vitro when inhibition of sLeX/A remarkably increased expression of CK5/6, followed by a decreased proliferation and invasion capacity. Among the reported glycoproteins bearing sLeX/A and based on the STRING tool, α6 integrin showed the highest interaction score with CK5/6. This is the first report on the sLeX/A expression in TNBC, highlighting its association with lower disease-free survival and its inverse crosstalk with CK5/6 with α6 integrin as a mediator. All in all, sLeX/A is critical for TNBC malignancy and a potential prognosis biomarker and therapeutic target.
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PKR-Mediated Phosphorylation of eIF2a and CHK1 Is Associated with Doxorubicin-Mediated Apoptosis in HCC1143 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415872. [PMID: 36555509 PMCID: PMC9779813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. Protein kinase R (PKR), which is activated by dsRNA, is known to play a role in doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis; however, its role in DNA damage-mediated apoptosis is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of PKR and its downstream players in doxorubicin-treated HCC1143 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Doxorubicin treatment induces DNA damage and apoptosis. Interestingly, doxorubicin treatment induced the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) via PKR, whereas the inhibition of PKR with inhibitor C16 reduced eIF2α phosphorylation. Under these conditions, doxorubicin-mediated DNA fragmentation, cell death, and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase and caspase 7 levels were recovered. In addition, phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), which is known to be involved in doxorubicin-mediated DNA damage, was increased by doxorubicin treatment, but blocked by PKR inhibition. Protein translation was downregulated by doxorubicin treatment and upregulated by blocking PKR phosphorylation. These results suggest that PKR activation induces apoptosis by increasing the phosphorylation of eIF2α and CHK1 and decreasing the global protein translation in doxorubicin-treated HCC1143 triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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10
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Pe KCS, Saetung R, Yodsurang V, Chaotham C, Suppipat K, Chanvorachote P, Tawinwung S. Triple-negative breast cancer influences a mixed M1/M2 macrophage phenotype associated with tumor aggressiveness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273044. [PMID: 35960749 PMCID: PMC9374254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by excessive accumulation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs consist of a heterogeneous population with high plasticity and are associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Moreover, breast cancer cells can secrete factors that influence TAM polarization. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages in the context of TNBC. Cytokine-polarized M2 macrophage were used as control. Distinct from the classical M2 macrophage, TAMs generated from TNBC-conditioned media upregulated both M1- and M2-associated genes, and secreted both the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor- α. Theses TNBC-induced TAMs exert aggressive behavior of TNBC cells. Consistently, TCGA and MTABRIC analyses of human breast cancer revealed upregulation of M1- associated genes in TNBC comparing with non-TNBC. Among these M1-associated genes, CXCL10 and IL1B were revealed to be independent prognostic factors for disease progression. In conclusion, TNBC cells induce macrophage polarization with a mixture of M1 and M2 phenotypes. These cancer-induced TAMs further enhance tumor cell growth and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Cate S. Pe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattana Saetung
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varalee Yodsurang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Koramit Suppipat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Research Affair, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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11
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Adinew GM, Messeha SS, Taka E, Badisa RB, Antonie LM, Soliman KFA. Thymoquinone Alterations of the Apoptotic Gene Expressions and Cell Cycle Arrest in Genetically Distinct Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:2120. [PMID: 35631261 PMCID: PMC9144154 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. triple-negative breast Cancer (TNBC), a subtype of BC, is typically associated with the highest pathogenic grade and incidence in premenopausal and young African American (AA) women. Chemotherapy, the most common treatment for TNBC today, can lead to acquired resistance and ineffective treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to combat medication resistance and ineffectiveness in TNBC patients. Thymoquinone (TQ) is shown to have a cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells in vitro. However, TQ's mode of action and precise mechanism in TNBC disease in vitro have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, TQ's effects on the genetically different MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were assessed. The data obtained show that TQ displayed cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after 24 h, with IC50 values of 25.37 µM and 27.39 µM, respectively. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells in a scratched wound-healing assay displayed poor wound closure, inhibiting invasion and migration via cell cycle blocking after 24 h. TQ arrested the cell cycle phase in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. The three cell cycle stages in MDA-MB-468 cells were significantly affected at 15 and 20 µM for G0/G1 and S phases, as well as all TQ concentrations for G2/M phases. In MDA-MB-468 cells, there was a significant decrease in G0/G1 phases with a substantial increase in the S phase and G2/M phases. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 showed a significant effect only during the two cell cycle stages (S and G2/M), at concentrations of 15 and 20 µM for S phases and all TQ values for G2/M phases. The TQ effect on the apoptotic gene profiles indicated that TQ upregulated 15 apoptotic genes in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, including caspases, GADD45A, TP53, DFFA, DIABLO, BNIP3, TRAF2/3, and TNFRSF10A. In MDA-MB-468 cells, 16 apoptotic genes were upregulated, including TNFRSF10A, TNF, TNFRSF11B, FADD TNFRSF10B, CASP2, and TRAF2, all of which are important for the apoptotic pathway andsuppress the expression of one anti-apoptotic gene, BIRC5, in MDA-MB-231 cells. Compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, elevated levels of TNF and their receptor proteins may contribute to their increased sensitivity to TQ-induced apoptosis. It was concluded from this study that TQ targets the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells differently. Additionally, due to the aggressive nature of TNBC and the lack of specific therapies in chemoresistant TNBC, our findings related to the identified apoptotic gene profile may point to TQ as a potential agent for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.S.M.); (E.T.); (R.B.B.); (L.M.A.)
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12
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Almansour NM. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Brief Review About Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Treatment and Role of Artificial Intelligence. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:836417. [PMID: 35145999 PMCID: PMC8824427 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.836417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of breast cancer that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This cancer is responsible for more than 15-20% of all breast cancers and is of particular research interest as it is therapeutically challenging mainly because of its low response to therapeutics and highly invasive nature. The non-availability of specific treatment options for TNBC is usually managed by conventional therapy, which often leads to relapse. The focus of this review is to provide up-to-date information related to TNBC epidemiology, risk factors, metastasis, different signaling pathways, and the pathways that can be blocked, immune suppressive cells of the TNBC microenvironment, current and investigation therapies, prognosis, and the role of artificial intelligence in TNBC diagnosis. The data presented in this paper may be helpful for researchers working in the field to obtain general and particular information to advance the understanding of TNBC and provide suitable disease management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
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13
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MAPK4 promotes triple negative breast cancer growth and reduces tumor sensitivity to PI3K blockade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:245. [PMID: 35017531 PMCID: PMC8752662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
About 15–20% of breast cancer (BCa) is triple-negative BCa (TNBC), a devastating disease with limited therapeutic options. Aberrations in the PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway are common in TNBC. However, the therapeutic impact of PI3K inhibitors in TNBC has been limited and the mechanism(s) underlying this lack of efficacy remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a large subset of TNBC expresses significant levels of MAPK4, and this expression is critical for driving AKT activation independent of PI3K and promoting TNBC cell and xenograft growth. The ability of MAPK4 to bypass PI3K for AKT activation potentially provides a direct mechanism regulating tumor sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. Accordingly, repressing MAPK4 greatly sensitizes TNBC cells and xenografts to PI3K blockade. Altogether, we conclude that high MAPK4 expression defines a large subset or subtype of TNBC responsive to MAPK4 blockage. Targeting MAPK4 in this subset/subtype of TNBC both represses growth and sensitizes tumors to PI3K blockade. PI3K inhibitors have limited efficacy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors show that MAPK4 activates AKT independent of PI3K and thus promotes tumour growth in a subset of TNBC and that MAPK4 inhibition sensitizes to PI3K blockade in these tumours.’
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14
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Van Bockstal MR, François A, Altinay S, Arnould L, Balkenhol M, Broeckx G, Burguès O, Colpaert C, Dedeurwaerdere F, Dessauvagie B, Duwel V, Floris G, Fox S, Gerosa C, Hastir D, Jaffer S, Kurpershoek E, Lacroix-Triki M, Laka A, Lambein K, MacGrogan GM, Marchio C, Martinez MDM, Nofech-Mozes S, Peeters D, Ravarino A, Reisenbichler E, Resetkova E, Sanati S, Schelfhout AM, Schelfhout V, Shaaban A, Sinke R, Stanciu-Pop CM, van Deurzen CHM, Van de Vijver KK, Van Rompuy AS, Vincent-Salomon A, Wen H, Wong S, Bouzin C, Galant C. Interobserver variability in the assessment of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma influences the association with pathological complete response: the IVITA study. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:2130-2140. [PMID: 34218258 PMCID: PMC8595512 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are associated with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Histopathological assessment of sTILs in TNBC biopsies is characterized by substantial interobserver variability, but it is unknown whether this affects its association with pCR. Here, we aimed to investigate the degree of interobserver variability in an international study, and its impact on the relationship between sTILs and pCR. Forty pathologists assessed sTILs as a percentage in digitalized biopsy slides, originating from 41 TNBC patients who were treated with NAC followed by surgery. Pathological response was quantified by the MD Anderson Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) score. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated per pathologist duo and Bland-Altman plots were constructed. The relation between sTILs and pCR or RCB class was investigated. The ICCs ranged from -0.376 to 0.947 (mean: 0.659), indicating substantial interobserver variability. Nevertheless, high sTILs scores were significantly associated with pCR for 36 participants (90%), and with RCB class for eight participants (20%). Post hoc sTILs cutoffs at 20% and 40% resulted in variable associations with pCR. The sTILs in TNBC with RCB-II and RCB-III were intermediate to those of RCB-0 and RCB-I, with lowest sTILs observed in RCB-I. However, the limited number of RCB-I cases precludes any definite conclusions due to lack of power, and this observation therefore requires further investigation. In conclusion, sTILs are a robust marker for pCR at the group level. However, if sTILs are to be used to guide the NAC scheme for individual patients, the observed interobserver variability might substantially affect the chance of obtaining a pCR. Future studies should determine the 'ideal' sTILs threshold, and attempt to fine-tune the patient selection for sTILs-based de-escalation of NAC regimens. At present, there is insufficient evidence for robust and reproducible sTILs-guided therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke R. Van Bockstal
- Department of pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc Bruxelles, Avenue Hippocrate 10, Woluwé-Saint-Lambert 1200, Belgium
| | - Aline François
- Department of pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc Bruxelles, Avenue Hippocrate 10, Woluwé-Saint-Lambert 1200, Belgium
| | - Serdar Altinay
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Health Application and Research Center, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laurent Arnould
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie des Tumeurs, Centre George-François Leclerc, 1 Rue Pr. Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Maschenka Balkenhol
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9100, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn Broeckx
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Octavio Burguès
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Av. De Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cecile Colpaert
- Department of Pathology, AZ Turnhout Campus Sint-Jozef, Steenweg op Merksplas 44, 2300 Turnhout, Belgium
| | | | - Benjamin Dessauvagie
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia,Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Australia
| | - Valérie Duwel
- Department of pathology, AZ Klina Brasschaat, Augustijnslei 100, 2930 Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium,Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, AOU San Giovanni di Dio, Via Ospedale 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Delfyne Hastir
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shabnam Jaffer
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital and Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, NY10029 USA
| | | | - Magali Lacroix-Triki
- Department of Pathology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 Rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Andoni Laka
- Department of Pathology, Clinique Notre-Dame de Grâce (CNDG), Chaussée de Nivelles 212, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lambein
- Department of Pathology, AZ St Lucas Hospital, Groenebriel 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Marie MacGrogan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology, Institut Bergonié, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caterina Marchio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy,Pathology Unit, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Sharon Nofech-Mozes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Dieter Peeters
- Department of Pathology, AZ St Maarten, Liersesteenweg 435, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium,Histopathology, Imaging and Quantification Unit, HistoGeneX, Sint-Bavostraat 78, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alberto Ravarino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, AOU San Giovanni di Dio, Via Ospedale 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emily Reisenbichler
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT06510, United States
| | - Erika Resetkova
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX77030, Texas, USA
| | - Souzan Sanati
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Rm8612, Los Angeles, CA90048, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Schelfhout
- Department of Pathology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Vera Schelfhout
- Department of Pathology, AZ St Maarten, Liersesteenweg 435, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Abeer Shaaban
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom
| | - Renata Sinke
- Pathan BV, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M Stanciu-Pop
- Department of Pathology, CHU UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Docteur G. Thérasse 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Carolien HM van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen K Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Pôle de Médicine Diagnostique & Théranostique, INSERM U934, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Hannah Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Serena Wong
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT06510, United States
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- 2IP IREC Imaging Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Galant
- Department of pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc Bruxelles, Avenue Hippocrate 10, Woluwé-Saint-Lambert 1200, Belgium,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Burguin A, Diorio C, Durocher F. Breast Cancer Treatments: Updates and New Challenges. J Pers Med 2021; 11:808. [PMID: 34442452 PMCID: PMC8399130 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. This heterogeneous disease can be classified into four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)) according to the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR), and the overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Current BC treatments target these receptors (endocrine and anti-HER2 therapies) as a personalized treatment. Along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, these therapies can have severe adverse effects and patients can develop resistance to these agents. Moreover, TNBC do not have standardized treatments. Hence, a deeper understanding of the development of new treatments that are more specific and effective in treating each BC subgroup is key. New approaches have recently emerged such as immunotherapy, conjugated antibodies, and targeting other metabolic pathways. This review summarizes current BC treatments and explores the new treatment strategies from a personalized therapy perspective and the resulting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burguin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
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16
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Musall BC, Abdelhafez AH, Adrada BE, Candelaria RP, Mohamed RMM, Boge M, Le-Petross H, Arribas E, Lane DL, Spak DA, Leung JWT, Hwang KP, Son JB, Elshafeey NA, Mahmoud HS, Wei P, Sun J, Zhang S, White JB, Ravenberg EE, Litton JK, Damodaran S, Thompson AM, Moulder SL, Yang WT, Pagel MD, Rauch GM, Ma J. Functional Tumor Volume by Fast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Predicting Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:251-260. [PMID: 33586845 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI is useful for diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in breast cancer. Fast DCE MRI offers a higher sampling rate of contrast enhancement curves in comparison to conventional DCE MRI, potentially characterizing tumor perfusion kinetics more accurately for measurement of functional tumor volume (FTV) as a predictor of treatment response. PURPOSE To investigate FTV by fast DCE MRI as a predictor of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) response in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION/SUBJECTS Sixty patients with biopsy-confirmed TNBC between December 2016 and September 2020. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T/3D fast spoiled gradient echo-based DCE MRI ASSESSMENT: Patients underwent MRI at baseline and after four cycles (C4) of NAST, followed by definitive surgery. DCE subtraction images were analyzed in consensus by two breast radiologists with 5 (A.H.A.) and 2 (H.S.M.) years of experience. Tumor volumes (TV) were measured on early and late subtractions. Tumors were segmented on 1 and 2.5-minute early phases subtractions and FTV was determined using optimized signal enhancement thresholds. Interpolated enhancement curves from segmented voxels were used to determine optimal early phase timing. STATISTICAL TESTS Tumor volumes were compared between patients who had a pathologic complete response (pCR) and those who did not using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS About 26 of 60 patients (43%) had pCR. FTV at 1 minute after injection at C4 provided the best discrimination between pCR and non-pCR, with AUC (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.85 (0.74,0.95) (P < 0.05). The 1-minute timing was optimal for FTV measurements at C4 and for the change between C4 and baseline. TV from the early phase at C4 also yielded a good AUC (95%CI) of 0.82 (0.71,0.93) (P < 0.05). DATA CONCLUSION FTV and TV measured at 1 minute after injection can predict response to NAST in TNBC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Musall
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abeer H Abdelhafez
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beatriz E Adrada
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rosalind P Candelaria
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rania M M Mohamed
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Medine Boge
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huong Le-Petross
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elsa Arribas
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deanna L Lane
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David A Spak
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica W T Leung
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ken-Pin Hwang
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jong Bum Son
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nabil A Elshafeey
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hagar S Mahmoud
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason B White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Senthil Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei T Yang
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gaiane M Rauch
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingfei Ma
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Del Gaudio F, Guerrera IC, Riccio R, Monti MC. Quantitative proteomics discloses monacolin K-induced alterations in triple-negative breast cancer cell proteomes and phosphoproteomes. Mol Omics 2021; 16:19-30. [PMID: 31859329 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A positive prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer can be considered as one of the major challenges in clinical studies; accordingly, scientific research has the mission to find out novel chemotherapeutics to make it curable. In recent times, a good potential of dietary bioactive natural substances, called nutraceuticals, in suppressing cancer cell proliferation via gene expression regulation has been discovered: this effect and the lack of toxicity make nutraceuticals potentially effective agents against cancers. Monacolin K from red rice, a FDA-approved and well-tolerated compound generally employed to treat hypercholesterolemia, has been proved to have anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in a wide panel of triple-negative breast cancers. Thus, an unbiased analysis of monacolin K-induced MDA-MB-231 cellular pathway alterations has been carried out by quantitative proteomics exploiting isobaric tags. Despite the positive modulation of some proteins already reported in the literature, an increased concentration of the tissue-type plasminogen activator PLAT has interestingly been found. This is a marker of good prognosis in mammary cancer, suggesting the anti-metastatic properties of this molecule as strongly associated with the alterations in the cytoskeleton organization and the consequent modulation of adhesion, motility and proteolysis. In accordance, some of the found monacolin K-induced phosphoproteome alterations have a tight connection to cell migration mechanisms. In this setting, the over-phosphorylation of Lamin A and of melanophilin induced by monacolin K has been very attractive. Moreover, monacolin K exerts its effect on the over-expression of the tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), an endogenous metalloproteinase inhibitor. This protein modulates growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells and inhibits tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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18
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Oltra SS, Peña-Chilet M, Martinez MT, Tormo E, Cejalvo JM, Climent J, Eroles P, Lluch A, Ribas G. miRNA Expression Analysis: Cell Lines HCC1500 and HCC1937 as Models for Breast Cancer in Young Women and the miR-23a as a Poor Prognostic Biomarker. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 14:1178223420977845. [PMID: 33311984 PMCID: PMC7716059 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420977845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study of breast cancer nearly always involves patients close to menopause or older. Therefore, young patients are mostly underrepresented. Our aim in this study was to demonstrate biological differences in breast cancer of young people using as a model available cell lines derived from people with breast cancer younger than 35 years. METHODS Global miRNA expression was analyzed in breast cancer cells from young (HCC1500, HCC1937) and old patients (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HCC1806, and MDA-MB-468). In addition, it was compared with same type of results from patients. RESULTS We observed a differential profile for 155 miRNAs between young and older cell lines. We identified a set of 24 miRNA associated with aggressiveness that were regulating pluripotency of stem cell-related pathways. Combining the miRNA expression data from cell lines and breast cancer patients, 132 miRNAs were differently expressed between young and old samples, most of them previously found in cell lines. MiR-23a-downregulation was also associated with poor survival in young patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HCC1500 and HCC1937 cell lines could be suitable cellular models for breast cancer affecting young women. The miR-23a-downregulation could have a potential role as a poor prognosis biomarker in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Oltra
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Peña-Chilet
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria T Martinez
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tormo
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Climent
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
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19
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Burande AS, Viswanadh MK, Jha A, Mehata AK, Shaik A, Agrawal N, Poddar S, Mahto SK, Muthu MS. EGFR Targeted Paclitaxel and Piperine Co-loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:151. [PMID: 32440910 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast (TNBC) cancer that is upregulated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and devoid of both the hormonal receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2), has led to a concept of treating TNBC with EGFR-targeted therapeutics. The combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and piperine (PIP) may improve the bioavailability of paclitaxel for cancer therapy. TPGS (vit E-PEG 1000-succinate)-coated liposomes were prepared with PTX alone or in combination with PIP, and either with (targeted) or without (non-targeted) cetuximab (CTX) conjugation. The Bradford assay indicated that 75% of CTX has been conjugated on the liposomes. The size and percent encapsulation of PTX&PIP co-loaded liposomes were found to be in the range of 204 to 218 nm and 31-73%, respectively. The drug release rate was found to be higher at pH 5.5 in comparison with release at pH 6.4 and pH 7.4. Cellular uptake and toxicity studies on MDA-MB-231 cells showed that PTX&PIP co-loaded targeted liposomes have demonstrated superior uptake and cytotoxicity than their non-targeted counterparts. The IC50 values of both of the liposomal formulations were found to be significantly higher than PTX control. Indeed, combining PIP with PTX control has improved the cytotoxicity of PTX control, which proved the synergistic anticancer effect of PIP. Lyophilized liposomes showed an excellent stability profile with the size range between 189 and 210 nm. Plasma stability study revealed a slight increase in the particle size due to the adsorption of plasma proteins on the surface of liposomes. The long-term stability study also indicated that liposomes were stable at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sanjay Burande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Matte Kasi Viswanadh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Azad Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nishi Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Suruchi Poddar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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20
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Purrington KS, Knight J, Dyson G, Ali-Fehmi R, Schwartz AG, Boerner JL, Bandyopadhyay S. CLCA2 expression is associated with survival among African American women with triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231712. [PMID: 32298355 PMCID: PMC7161959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Black/African American (AA) women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to whites, an aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with poor prognosis. There are no routinely used targeted clinical therapies for TNBC; thus there is a clear need to identify prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Methods We evaluated expression of 27,016 genes in 155 treatment-naïve TN tumors from AA women in Detroit. Associations with survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for stage and age at diagnosis, and p-values were corrected using a false discovery rate. Our validation sample consisted of 494 TN tumors using four publically available data sets. Meta-analyses were performed using summary statistics from the four validation results. Results In the Detroit AA cohort, CLCA2 [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.86, nominal p = 5.1x10-7, FDR p = 0.014], SPIC [HR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.26–1.73, nominal p = 1.8x10-6, FDR p = 0.022], and MIR4311 [HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.31–1.92, nominal p = 2.5x10-5, FDR p = 0.022] expression were associated with overall survival. Further adjustment for treatment and breast cancer specific survival analysis did not substantially alter effect estimates. CLCA2 was also associated with increased risk of death in the validation cohorts [HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24, p = 0.038, p-heterogeneity = 0.88]. Conclusions We identified CLCA2 as a potential prognostic marker for TNBC in AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S. Purrington
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jimmie Knight
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ann G. Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Julie L. Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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21
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Badowska-Kozakiewicz AM, Budzik MP, Liszcz A, Sobieraj MT, Czerw AI, Sobol M, Patera J, Deptała A. Clinicopathological factors associated with novel prognostic markers for patients with triple negative breast cancer. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1433-1442. [PMID: 31749871 PMCID: PMC6855147 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.79568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a worse prognosis than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC is defined by lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of novel prognostic markers (erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R)) and clinicopathological features of TNBC and non-TNBC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our analysis was conducted on a group of 162 patients with breast carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (111 TNBC and 51 non-TNBC). All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software v 12.0. RESULTS Histopathologic subtyping of the 111 triple negative breast cancers identified 89.1% invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type and 10.9% other special types of cancers. TNBC more often presented EPO-R and EPO expression (36%; 37.8%) than non-TNBC (23.5%; 29.4%). Non-TNBC subgroup showed statistically significant correlation only between Ki-67 expression and histological grade (G1-G3) (p < 0.001), while TNBC subgroup demonstrated significant correlation between Ki-67 expression and histological grade (G1-G3) and tumor size (pT1-pT4) as well (p = 0.002; p = 0.042), between the EPO-R expression and histological grade (G1-G3) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between the expression of EPO-R and histological malignancy grade in triple negative breast cancer, suggests that the present EPO-R expression in TNBC may constitute an additional prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał P. Budzik
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Liszcz
- Students’ Scientific Organization at the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej T. Sobieraj
- Students’ Scientific Organization at the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra I. Czerw
- Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Economic and System Analyses, National Institute of Public Health – NIH, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sobol
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Patera
- Department of Pathomorphology, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Deptała
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Wu D, Chen Y, Wen S, Wen Y, Wang R, Zhang Q, Qin G, Yi H, Wu M, Lu L, Tao X, Deng X. Synergistically Enhanced Inhibitory Effects of Pullulan Nanoparticle-Mediated Co-Delivery of Lovastatin and Doxorubicin to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:314. [PMID: 31520223 PMCID: PMC6744545 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is prone to drug resistance and difficult to treat. In this study, we grafted water-soluble pullulan with lovastatin (LV) to develop a novel amphiphilic conjugate, pullulan-encapsulated LV (PLV). The PLV conjugate was synthesized with three different ratios of pullulan to LV and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The degree of substitution (DS) of LV in terms of molar ratio was 7.87%, 3.58%, and 3.06% for PLV (1/2), PLV (1/3), and PLV (1/4), respectively, by proton NMR analysis. We selected the PLV (1/2) conjugate to prepare doxorubicin (DXR)-loaded PLV nanoparticles (PLV/DXR NPs) because of its superior properties. The average size and zeta potential for PLV (1/2) NPs were 177.6 nm and - 11.66 mV, respectively, determined by dynamic light scattering, and those for PLV/DXR NPs were 225.6 nm and - 10.51 mV, respectively. In vitro drug release profiling showed that PLV/DXR NPs sustainably released DXR within 72 h, which was more robust at pH 5.4 (97.90%) than pH 7.4 (76.15%). In the cytotoxicity study, PLV/DXR NPs showed greater inhibition of proliferation of TNBC MDA-MB-231 than non-TNBC MDA-MB-453 cells (IC50 0.60 vs 11.05 μM). FITC-loaded PLV/DXR NPs were prepared to investigate cellular uptake: both cell lines showed a time-dependent uptake of NPs, but the number of NPs entering MDA-MB-231 cells was greater than that entering the MDA-MB-453 cells. Pullulan-based NP co-delivery of LV and DXR could efficiently inhibit TNBC cells, which may help in designing a powerful drug delivery system for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ge Qin
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Huimei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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23
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DNA Ligase IV Prevents Replication Fork Stalling and Promotes Cellular Proliferation in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Nucleic Acids 2019; 2019:9170341. [PMID: 30838131 PMCID: PMC6374816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9170341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a hallmark of cancer, and mutation and misregulation of proteins that maintain genomic fidelity are associated with the development of multiple cancers. DNA double strand breaks are arguably considered the most deleterious type of DNA damage. The nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is one mechanism to repair DNA double strand breaks, and proteins involved in NHEJ may also regulate DNA replication. We previously established that DNA-PKcs, a NHEJ protein, promotes genomic stability and cell viability following cellular exposure to replication stress; we wanted to discern whether another NHEJ protein, DNA ligase IV (Lig4), shares this phenotype. Our investigations focused on triple negative breast cancer cells, as, compared to nonbasal breast cancer, LIG4 is frequently amplified, and an increased gene dose is associated with higher Lig4 expression. We depleted Lig4 using siRNA and confirmed our knockdown by qPCR and western blotting. Cell survival diminished with Lig4 depletion alone, and this was associated with increased replication fork stalling. Checkpoint protein Chk1 activation and dephosphorylation were unchanged in Lig4-depleted cells. Lig4 depletion resulted in sustained DNA-PKcs phosphorylation following hydroxyurea exposure. Understanding the effect of Lig4 on genomic replication and the replication stress response will clarify the biological ramifications of inhibiting Lig4 activity. In addition, Lig4 is an attractive clinical target for directing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated repair towards homology-directed repair and away from NHEJ, thus understanding of how diminishing Lig4 impacts cell biology is critical.
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Song L, Tao X, Lin L, Chen C, Yao H, He G, Zou G, Cao Z, Yan S, Lu L, Yi H, Wu D, Tan S, Ouyang W, Dai Z, Deng X. Cerasomal Lovastatin Nanohybrids for Efficient Inhibition of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells To Improve Therapeutic Efficacy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7022-7030. [PMID: 29405062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a higher risk in younger women and a poorer prognosis and without targeted therapies available currently. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are increasingly recognized as the main cause of treatment failure and tumor recurrence. The present paper reports the encapsulation of lovastatin (LV) into cerasomes. Compared with free LV, cerasome-encapsulated LV (C-LV) nanohybrids showed cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 CSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, intravenous injection of C-LV nanohybrids resulted in a significant tumor size reduction in a dose-dependent manner in xenograft tumors derived from subcutaneous inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, histopathological and/or immunohistochemical analysis revealed that C-LV nanohybrids significantly induced mammary gland formation and apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis, the CSC phenotype, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in xenograft tumors. Most importantly, C-LV nanohybrids were found to be more effective than free LV in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer xenografts and the stemness properties in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first demonstration of nanohybrids for efficient inhibition of CSCs derived from TNBC, offering a new option for the TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujiang Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaojun Tao
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guangyang Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Huimei Yi
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wanxin Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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25
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MiR-770 suppresses the chemo-resistance and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer via direct targeting of STMN1. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:14. [PMID: 29323124 PMCID: PMC5849036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-resistance and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) contributed the most of treatment failure in the clinic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to be involved in many biological processes and diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of miR-770 in the regulation of chemo-resistance and metastasis of TNBC. Clinically, miR-770 was highly expressed in chemo-sensitive tissues and predicted a better prognosis of TNBC. Functionally, ectopic expression of miR-770 suppressed the doxorubicin-resistance of TNBC cell lines via regulation of apoptosis and tumor microenvironment, which was mediated by exosomes. Moreover, miR-770 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion. Rescue of STMN1 could partly reverse the effect of miR-770 in TNBC behaviors. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that overexpression of miR-770 inhibited DOX resistance and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results proved that miR-770 could suppress the doxorubicin-resistance and metastasis of TNBC cells, which broaden our insights into the underlying mechanisms in chemo-resistance and metastasis, and provided a new prognostic marker for TNBC cells.
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26
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Yao H, He G, Yan S, Chen C, Song L, Rosol TJ, Deng X. Triple-negative breast cancer: is there a treatment on the horizon? Oncotarget 2017; 8:1913-1924. [PMID: 27765921 PMCID: PMC5352107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers, does not express estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) and lacks human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression or amplification. These tumors have a more aggressive phenotype and a poorer prognosis due to the high propensity for metastatic progression and absence of specific targeted treatments. Patients with TNBC do not benefit from hormonal or trastuzumab-based targeted therapies because of the loss of target receptors. Although these patients respond to chemotherapeutic agents such as taxanes and anthracyclines better than other subtypes of breast cancer, prognosis remains poor. A group of targeted therapies under investigation showed favorable results in TNBC, especially in cancers with BRCA mutation. The lipid-lowering statins (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors), including lovastatin and simvastatin, have been shown to preferentially target TNBC compared with non-TNBC. These statins hold great promise for the management of TNBC. Only with the understanding of the molecular basis for the preference of statins for TNBC and more investigations in clinical trials can they be reformulated into a clinically approved drug against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liujiang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
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27
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Al jarroudi O, Abda N, Brahmi S, Afqir S. Triple Negative Breast Cancer at the University Hospital Mohammed VI – Oujda. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:195-200. [PMID: 28240519 PMCID: PMC5563100 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.1.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by the absence of receptors to oestrogen and progesterone and no histochemical expression of human epidermal receptor -2, is associated with a particularly aggressive behavior. The aim of our study was to determine the clinico-pathological, therapeutic and prognostic features associated with this type of breast cancer in Morocco. Methods: A cohort retrospective study, spread over 3 years, was conducted of 116 breast cancer patients, diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2011 at the Regional Center of Oncology. Epidemiological, clinical, histological and therapeutic data were analyzed. Survival curves at 3 years were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis with use of the log-rank test. Results: The proportion of triple-negative breast cancer in our series was 13.2%. The average age was 46.5 years and 20,7% had a previous history of familial breast cancer. Some 56,9% of tumors were greater than 3 cm in diameter. infiltrating ductal carcinoma being the histological type in the majority of cases (75.9%). TNBC was most often associated with a high grade, grade III accounting for 50.9%. Vascular invasion was found in 58.6% of cases. Regarding lymph node involvement, 42.2% had positive lymph nodes and 15.5% featured distant metastases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administrated to 20% of patients with a 23.5% complete pathologic response. The rates for overall survival and disease-free-survival at 3 years for localized stages were 70 and 55.6%, respectively. With metastatic lesions, the figures were 27.5% and 10.3% respectively. Conclusion: The TNBC is correlated with a poor prognosis with a high mortality and early relapse requiring identification of new target therapies and markers for prediction of tumoral response to various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- o Al jarroudi
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Mohammed VI-Oujda, Mohammed Premier University, Morocco.
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Portha H, Jankowski C, Cortet M, Desmoulins I, Martin E, Lorgis V, Arnould L, Coutant C. [Non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in 2016: Definitions and management]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:492-504. [PMID: 27451066 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TN), as defined by the triple negativity in immunohistochemistry: the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and the absence of overexpression or amplification of HER2, corresponds to 15 % of invasive breast cancers. This is a very heterogeneous group of tumors both at the genomic and transcriptomic level and at morphological, clinical and prognostic level. Although there are some good prognosis forms, the majority of TN tumors is characterized by a poor prognosis with a greater frequency of visceral metastases and a maximum risk of relapse in the first two years after diagnosis. Systemic adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy is almost always indicated. The surgical treatment and radiotherapy treatment should be comparable to the other subtypes and obey the same rules of oncologic surgery. TN tumors are not associated with a higher risk of locoregional relapse after conservative treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy. Optimization of systemic therapies is currently and for the last decade a challenge. A number of targeted therapies and efficiency biomarkers identification of these targeted therapies is essential to allow significant progress in optimizing systemic therapy for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Portha
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges-François-Leclerc (CGFL), Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - C Jankowski
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges-François-Leclerc (CGFL), Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France; UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - M Cortet
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges-François-Leclerc (CGFL), Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - I Desmoulins
- Département d'oncologie médicale, CGFL, Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - E Martin
- Département de radiothérapie, CGFL, Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - V Lorgis
- Département d'oncologie médicale, CGFL, Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - L Arnould
- Département de biologie et de pathologie des tumeurs, CGFL, Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - C Coutant
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges-François-Leclerc (CGFL), Unicancer, 1, rue du Professeur-Marion, 21000 Dijon, France; UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
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29
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Bernier J, Poortmans PMP. Surgery and radiation therapy of triple-negative breast cancers: From biology to clinics. Breast 2016; 28:148-55. [PMID: 27318170 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer refers to tumours lacking the expression of the three most used tumour markers, namely oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). These cancers are known to carry a more dismal prognosis than the other molecular subtypes. Whether a more aggressive local-regional treatment is warranted or not in patients with triple-negative breast cancer is still a matter of debate. Indeed there remain a number of grey zones with respect to the optimization of the extent and the timing of surgery and radiation therapy (RT) in this patient population, also in consideration of the significant heterogeneity in biological behaviour and response to treatment identified for these tumours. The objective of this review is to provide an insight into the biological and clinical behaviour of triple-negative breast cancers and revisit the most recent advances in their management, focussing on local-regional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Bernier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Swiss Medical Network, Genolier, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Philip M P Poortmans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Yu T, Liu M, Luo H, Wu C, Tang X, Tang S, Hu P, Yan Y, Wang Z, Tu G. GPER mediates enhanced cell viability and motility via non-genomic signaling induced by 17β-estradiol in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:392-403. [PMID: 24874276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer with a generally poor prognosis. Due to lack of specific targets for its treatment, an efficient therapy is needed. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel estrogen receptor, has been reported to be expressed in TNBC tissues. In this study, we investigated the effects of blocking non-genomic signaling mediated by the estrogen/GPER pathway on cell viability and motility in the TNBC cells. GPER was strongly expressed in the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-436, and the estrogen-mediated non-genomic ERK signaling activated by GPER was involved in cell viability and motility of TNBC cells. Treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2), the GPER-specific agonist G-1 and tamoxifen (TAM) led to rapid activation of p-ERK1/2, but not p-Akt. Moreover, estrogen/GPER/ERK signaling was involved in increasing cell growth, survival, and migration/invasion by upregulating expression of cyclinA, cyclinD1, Bcl-2, and c-fos associated with the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of TNBC specimens showed a significantly different staining of p-ERK1/2 between GPER-positive tissues (58/66, 87.9%) and GPER-negative tissues (13/30, 43.3%). The positivity of GPER and p-ERK1/2 displayed a strong association with large tumor size and poor clinical stage, indicating that GPER/ERK signaling might also contribute to tumor progression in TNBC patients which corresponded with in vitro experimental data. Our findings suggest that inhibition of estrogen/GPER/ERK signaling represents a novel targeted therapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghua Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haojun Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chengyi Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shifu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuzhao Yan
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Gang Tu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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31
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Sun Y, Yao J, Nowak NJ, Goodison S. Cancer progression modeling using static sample data. Genome Biol 2014; 15:440. [PMID: 25155694 PMCID: PMC4196119 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As molecular profiling data continue to accumulate, the design of integrative computational analyses that can provide insights into the dynamic aspects of cancer progression becomes feasible. Here, we present a novel computational method for the construction of cancer progression models based on the analysis of static tumor samples. We demonstrate the reliability of the method with simulated data, and describe the application to breast cancer data. Our findings support a linear, branching model for breast cancer progression. An interactive model facilitates the identification of key molecular events in the advance of disease to malignancy.
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32
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Chinchar E, Makey KL, Gibson J, Chen F, Cole SA, Megason GC, Vijayakumar S, Miele L, Gu JW. Sunitinib significantly suppresses the proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance, tumor angiogenesis and growth of triple-negative breast cancers but increases breast cancer stem cells. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:12. [PMID: 24914410 PMCID: PMC4049452 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are basal-like breast cancers. However there is no reported study on anti-tumor effects of sunitinib in xenografts of basal-like TNBC (MDA-MB-468) cells. In the present study, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7 cells were cultured using RPMI 1640 media with 10% FBS. Vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) protein levels were detected using ELISA (R & D Systams). MDA-MB-468 cells were exposed to sunitinib for 18 hours for measuring proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation), migration (BD Invasion Chamber), and apoptosis (ApopTag and ApoScreen Anuexin V Kit). The effect of sunitinib on Notch-1 expression was determined by Western blot in cultured MDA-MB-468 cells. 106 MDA-MB-468 cells were inoculated into the left fourth mammary gland fat pad in athymic nude-foxn1 mice. When the tumor volume reached 100 mm3, sunitinib was given by gavage at 80 mg/kg/2 days for 4 weeks. Tumor angiogenesis was determined by CD31 immunohistochemistry. Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from the tumors were determined by flow cytometry analysis using CD44+/CD24- or low. ELISA indicated that VEGF was much more highly expressed in MDA-MB-468 cells than MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Sunitinib significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis resistance in cultured basal like breast cancer cells. Sunitinib significantly increased the expression of Notch-1 protein in cultured MDA-MB-468 or MDA-MB-231 cells. The xenograft models showed that oral sunitinib significantly reduced the tumor volume of TNBCs in association with the inhibition of tumor angiogeneisis, but increased breast CSCs. These findings support the hypothesis that the possibility should be considered of sunitinib increasing breast CSCs though it inhibits TNBC tumor angiogenesis and growth/progression, and that effects of sunitinib on Notch expression and hypoxia may increase breast cancer stem cells. This work provides the groundwork for an innovative therapeutic strategy in TNBC therapy by using sunitinib plus γ-secretase inhibitor to simultaneously target angiogenesis and CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Chinchar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA ; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kristina L Makey
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA ; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - John Gibson
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA ; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shelby A Cole
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA ; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Gail C Megason
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA ; Children's Cancer Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Srinivassan Vijayakumar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jian-Wei Gu
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, USA ; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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33
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Paul A, Gunewardena S, Stecklein SR, Saha B, Parelkar N, Danley M, Rajendran G, Home P, Ray S, Jokar I, Vielhauer GA, Jensen RA, Tawfik O, Paul S. PKCλ/ι signaling promotes triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1469-81. [PMID: 24786829 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct breast cancer subtype defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and the patients with TNBC are often diagnosed with higher rates of recurrence and metastasis. Because of the absence of ER, PR and HER2/neu expressions, TNBC patients are insensitive to HER2-directed and endocrine therapies available for breast cancer treatment. Here, we report that expression of atypical protein kinase C isoform, PKCλ/ι, significantly increased and activated in all invasive breast cancer (invasive ductal carcinoma or IDC) subtypes including the TNBC subtype. Because of the lack of targeted therapies for TNBC, we choose to study PKCλ/ι signaling as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. Our observations indicated that PKCλ/ι signaling is highly active during breast cancer invasive progression, and metastatic breast cancers, the advanced stages of breast cancer disease that developed more frequently in TNBC patients, are also characterized with high levels of PKCλ/ι expression and activation. Functional analysis in experimental mouse models revealed that depletion of PKCλ/ι significantly reduces TNBC growth as well as lung metastatic colonization. Furthermore, we have identified a PKCλ/ι-regulated gene signature consisting of 110 genes, which are significantly associated with indolent to invasive progression of human breast cancer and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, cytokines such as TGFβ and IL1β could activate PKCλ/ι signaling in TNBC cells and depletion of PKCλ/ι impairs NF-κB p65 (RelA) nuclear localization. We observed that cytokine-PKCλ/ι-RelA signaling axis, at least in part, involved in modulating gene expression to regulate invasion of TNBC cells. Overall, our results indicate that induction and activation of PKCλ/ι promote TNBC growth, invasion and metastasis. Thus, targeting PKCλ/ι signaling could be a therapeutic option for breast cancer, including the TNBC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paul
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Gunewardena
- Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S R Stecklein
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - B Saha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - N Parelkar
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - M Danley
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G Rajendran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - P Home
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Ray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - I Jokar
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G A Vielhauer
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - R A Jensen
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - O Tawfik
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Paul
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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34
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Fayaz MS, El-Sherify MS, El-Basmy A, Zlouf SA, Nazmy N, George T, Samir S, Attia G, Eissa H. Clinicopathological features and prognosis of triple negative breast cancer in Kuwait: A comparative/perspective analysis. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2014; 19:173-81. [PMID: 24936335 PMCID: PMC4056543 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of TNBC in Kuwait, to analyze the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of this type of breast cancer, and compare it with reports from other regions of the world. BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a subtype that is negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). There is a growing evidence of the heterogeneity of such entity on the molecular level that may cause discrete outcomes. METHODS We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 363 TNBC cases which were diagnosed in Kuwait from July 1999 to June 2009. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Comparison was done with reports from USA, Europe, Middle and Far East. RESULTS Among 2986 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Kuwait, 363 patients (12.2%) were TNBC. The median age was 48 years, 57.2% had lymph nodes (LN) metastasis, 56.9% were of grade III tumor and 41.9% had stage II disease. 81% developed recurrences and 75% of deaths occurred by 2.5 years after treatment. There is marked variation of clinicopathologic features according to country of patients' cohort. CONCLUSION The incidence of TNBC in our study is similar to other studies. TNBC patients showed an early major recurrence surge peaking at approximately year 2.5. Regional variation of clinicopathologic features indicates a need for molecular studies to define underlying molecular features and its impact on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amany El-Basmy
- Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait
| | - Sadeq A. Zlouf
- Radiation Oncology Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait
| | - Nashwa Nazmy
- Radiation Oncology Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait
| | - Thomas George
- Radiation Oncology Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait
| | - Susan Samir
- Radiation Oncology Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait
| | - Gerges Attia
- Radiation Oncology Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait
| | - Heba Eissa
- Radiation Oncology Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait
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35
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Purrington KS, Slager S, Eccles D, Yannoukakos D, Fasching PA, Miron P, Carpenter J, Chang-Claude J, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Kristensen V, Anton-Culver H, Goodfellow P, Tapper WJ, Rafiq S, Gerty SM, Durcan L, Konstantopoulou I, Fostira F, Vratimos A, Apostolou P, Konstanta I, Kotoula V, Lakis S, Dimopoulos MA, Skarlos D, Pectasides D, Fountzilas G, Beckmann MW, Hein A, Ruebner M, Ekici AB, Hartmann A, Schulz-Wendtland R, Renner SP, Janni W, Rack B, Scholz C, Neugebauer J, Andergassen U, Lux MP, Haeberle L, Clarke C, Pathmanathan N, Rudolph A, Flesch-Janys D, Nickels S, Olson JE, Ingle JN, Olswold C, Slettedahl S, Eckel-Passow JE, Anderson S, Visscher DW, Cafourek VL, Sicotte H, Prodduturi N, Weiderpass E, Bernstein L, Ziogas A, Ivanovich J, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Southey M, Kosma VM, Fischer HP, Reed MW, Cross SS, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole M, Cai Q, Shu XO, Daly M, Weaver J, Ross E, Klemp J, Sharma P, Torres D, Rüdiger T, Wölfing H, Ulmer HU, Försti A, Khoury T, Kumar S, Pilarski R, Shapiro CL, Greco D, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Irwanto A, Liu J, Pankratz VS, Wang X, Severi G, Mannermaa A, Easton D, Hall P, Brauch H, Cox A, Zheng W, Godwin AK, Hamann U, Ambrosone C, Toland AE, Nevanlinna H, Vachon CM, Couch FJ. Genome-wide association study identifies 25 known breast cancer susceptibility loci as risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1012-9. [PMID: 24325915 PMCID: PMC4004200 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with a unique set of epidemiologic and genetic risk factors. We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of TN breast cancer (stage 1: 1529 TN cases, 3399 controls; stage 2: 2148 cases, 1309 controls) to identify loci that influence TN breast cancer risk. Variants in the 19p13.1 and PTHLH loci showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 × 10(-) (8)) in stage 1 and 2 combined. Results also suggested a substantial enrichment of significantly associated variants among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed in stage 2. Variants from 25 of 74 known breast cancer susceptibility loci were also associated with risk of TN breast cancer (P < 0.05). Associations with TN breast cancer were confirmed for 10 loci (LGR6, MDM4, CASP8, 2q35, 2p24.1, TERT-rs10069690, ESR1, TOX3, 19p13.1, RALY), and we identified associations with TN breast cancer for 15 additional breast cancer loci (P < 0.05: PEX14, 2q24.1, 2q31.1, ADAM29, EBF1, TCF7L2, 11q13.1, 11q24.3, 12p13.1, PTHLH, NTN4, 12q24, BRCA2, RAD51L1-rs2588809, MKL1). Further, two SNPs independent of previously reported signals in ESR1 [rs12525163 odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, P = 4.9 × 10(-) (4)] and 19p13.1 (rs1864112 OR = 0.84, P = 1.8 × 10(-) (9)) were associated with TN breast cancer. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for TN breast cancer based on known breast cancer risk variants showed a 4-fold difference in risk between the highest and lowest PRS quintiles (OR = 4.03, 95% confidence interval 3.46-4.70, P = 4.8 × 10(-) (69)). This translates to an absolute risk for TN breast cancer ranging from 0.8% to 3.4%, suggesting that genetic variation may be used for TN breast cancer risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Penelope Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Goodfellow
- Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William J. Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Susan M. Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Athanassios Vratimos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Irene Konstanta
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | | | - Sotiris Lakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Skarlos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, “Metropolitan” Hospital, Athens 151 25, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Section, “Hippokration” Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Papageorgiou” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | | | | | - Ruediger Schulz-Wendtland
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Renner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Christoph Scholz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Julia Neugebauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Ulrich Andergassen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Christine Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Sydney Medical School Westmead, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pathmanathan
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Seth Slettedahl
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - S.Keith Anderson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel W. Visscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hugues Sicotte
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Naresh Prodduturi
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9019, Norway
- Folkhälsan Research Cancer Centre, Helsinki 00250, Finland
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo N-0304, Norway
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte 91010, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer Ivanovich
- Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Melissa Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, and Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 80130, Finland
| | - Hans-Peter Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty University Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany, 72074
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum D-44789, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Malcom W.R. Reed
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre and
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- PennMed Biobank, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Ross
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - Jennifer Klemp
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia University Javeriana, Bogota D.C. 11001000, Colombia
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | - Heidrun Wölfing
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Ulmer
- Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden 76530, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, University of Lund, Malmö 223 63, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Shicha Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics and
| | - Charles L. Shapiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | | | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, and Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 80130, Finland
| | - Douglas Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany, 72074
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre and
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Expression of cancer stem cell markers in basal and penta-negative breast carcinomas--a study of a series of triple-negative tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:432-9. [PMID: 24726267 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Immunohistochemistry has given rise to triple-negative carcinoma (TNC). Concomitantly, biological origins of neoplasia and its heterogeneity has been strongly debated in cancer stem cells (CSC) theme. This study investigates the prevalence of basal (BCC) and penta-negative carcinomas (5NC) in TNC and establishes associations with CSC (CD44CD24). MATERIALS AND METHODS 94 TNC were tested for CK5/6, HER1, CD44 and CD24, evaluated by a simple immunohistochemistry score and correlated with clinicopathological and survival data. RESULTS BCC had higher tumor grades than 5NC (p=0.004). CD44 negativity (p=0.007) and CD44(-)CD24(+) phenotype (p=0.013) were associated with less vascular invasion amongst TNC. CD44 expression was associated with BCC (p=0.007). CD44(-)CD24(-/low) phenotype was associated with 5NC. None of the variables were associated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSION BCC and 5NC are closely related tumor subtypes. CD44(-)CD24(-/low) phenotype was associated with 5NC and CD44(-)CD24(+) phenotype was associated with vascular invasion. These results require histogenetic confirmation in larger studies.
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Liedtke C, Bernemann C, Kiesel L, Rody A. Genomic profiling in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2013; 8:408-13. [PMID: 24550748 PMCID: PMC3919434 DOI: 10.1159/000357534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by a lack of hormone receptor expression as well as lack of overexpression/amplification of HER2/neu. Patients with TNBC show a significantly worse prognosis compared to patients with other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC, however, is a heterogeneous entity both with regard to clinical/pathological characteristics and molecular biology. This review summarizes the current data on TNBC with a particular focus on mutational and gene expression profiling and the association between TNBC and breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Liedtke
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein/Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christof Bernemann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Germany
| | - Achim Rody
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein/Campus Lübeck, Germany
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Killelea BK, Chagpar AB, Bishop J, Horowitz NR, Christy C, Tsangaris T, Raghu M, Lannin DR. Is There a Correlation Between Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Using Receptors as Surrogates and Mammographic Appearance? Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:3247-53. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pretreatment levels of circulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and their ratios, are associated with ER-negative and triple negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:477-88. [PMID: 23624818 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune signatures in breast tumors differ by estrogen receptor (ER) status. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between ER phenotypes and circulating levels of cytokines that co-ordinate cell-mediated [T-helper type 1 (Th1)] and humoral [T-helper type 2 (Th2)] immunity. We conducted a case-case comparison of 523 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer to evaluate associations between 27 circulating cytokines, measured using Luminex XMap technology, and breast cancer phenotypes [ER(-) vs. ER(+); triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) vs. luminal A (LumA)]. Ratios of Th1 to Th2 cytokines were also evaluated. Levels of interleukin (IL)-5, a Th-2 cytokine, were higher in ER(-) than in ER(+) tumors. The highest tertile of IL-5 was more strongly associated with ER(-) (OR = 2.33, 95 % CI 1.40-3.90) and TNBCs (OR = 2.78, 95 % CI 1.53-5.06) compared to ER(+) and LumA cancers, respectively, particularly among premenopausal women (OR = 4.17, 95 % CI 1.86-9.34, ER(-) vs. ER(+); OR = 5.60, 95 % CI 2.09-15.01, TNBC vs. LumA). Elevated Th1 cytokines were also detected in women with ER(-) and TNBCs, with women in the highest tertile of interferon α2 (OR = 2.39, 95 % CI 1.31-4.35) or tumor necrosis factor-α (OR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.21-4.26) being twice as likely to have TNBC versus LumA cancer. When cytokine ratios were examined, women with the highest ratios of Th1 cytokines to IL-5 levels were least likely to have ER(-) or TNBCs compared to ER(+) or LumA cancers, respectively. The strongest associations were in premenopausal women, who were up to 80 % less likely to have TNBC than LumA cancers (IL-12p40/IL-5, OR = 0.19, 95 % CI 0.07-0.56). These findings indicate that immune function is associated with ER(-) and TNBC and may be most relevant among younger women, who are likely to be diagnosed with these aggressive phenotypes.
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Novel model for basaloid triple-negative breast cancer: behavior in vivo and response to therapy. Neoplasia 2013; 14:926-42. [PMID: 23097627 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basaloid triple-negative breast cancer (B-TNBC) is one of the most aggressive, therapy-resistant, and metastatic tumors. Current models do not recapitulate the basaloid phenotype of TNBC, thus limiting the understanding of its biology and designing new treatments. We identified HCC1806 as a line expressing typical B-TNBC markers, engineered a subline with traceable reporters, and determined growth, drug sensitivity, recurrence, and vascular and metastatic patterns of orthotopic xenografts in immunodeficient mice. METHODS mRNA and protein analyses showed that HCC1806 expresses basal but not luminal or mesenchymal markers. HCC1806-RR subline stably expressing red fluorescent protein and Renilla luciferase was generated and characterized for sensitivity to chemodrugs, orthotopic growth, vascular properties, recurrence, metastasis, and responsiveness in vivo. RESULTS The HCC1806 cells were highly sensitive to paclitaxel, but cytotoxicity was accompanied by pro-survival vascular endothelial growth factor-A loop. In vivo, HCC1806-RR tumors display linear growth, induce peritumoral lymphatics, and spontaneously metastasize to lymph nodes (LNs) and lungs. Similarly to human B-TNBC, HCC1806-RR tumors were initially sensitive to taxane therapy but subsequently recur. Bevacizumab significantly suppressed recurrence by 50% and reduced the incidence of LN and pulmonary metastases by, respectively, 50% and 87%. CONCLUSIONS The HCC1806-RR is a new model that expresses bona fide markers of B-TNBC and traceable markers for quantifying metastases. Combination of bevacizumab with nab-paclitaxel significantly improved the outcome, suggesting that this approach can apply to human patients with B-TNBC. This model can be used for defining the metastatic mechanisms of B-TNBC and testing new therapies.
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Stevens KN, Vachon CM, Couch FJ. Genetic susceptibility to triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2025-30. [PMID: 23536562 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), defined by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2 expression, account for 12% to 24% of all breast cancers. TNBC is associated with early recurrence of disease and poor outcome. Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer susceptibility genes have been associated with up to 15% of TNBC, and TNBC accounts for 70% of breast tumors arising in BRCA1 mutation carriers and 16% to 23% of breast tumors in BRCA2 carriers. Whether germline mutations in other breast cancer susceptibility genes also predispose to TNBC remains to be determined. Common variation in a subset of the 72 known breast cancer susceptibility loci identified through genome-wide association studies and other large-scale genotyping efforts have also been associated with risk of TNBC (TOX3, ESR1, RAD51L1, TERT, 19p13.1, 20q11, MDM4, 2p24.1, and FTO). Furthermore, variation in the 19p13.1 locus and the MDM4 locus has been associated with TNBC, but not other forms of breast cancer, suggesting that these are TNBC-specific loci. Thus, TNBC can be distinguished from other breast cancer subtypes by a unique pattern of common and rare germline predisposition alleles. Additional efforts to combine genetic and epidemiologic data are needed to better understand the etiology of this aggressive form of breast cancer, to identify prevention and therapeutic targets, and to impact clinical practice through the development of risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Stevens
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Mukhopadhyay P, Lakshmanan I, Ponnusamy MP, Chakraborty S, Jain M, Pai P, Smith LM, Lele SM, Batra SK. MUC4 overexpression augments cell migration and metastasis through EGFR family proteins in triple negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54455. [PMID: 23408941 PMCID: PMC3569463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current studies indicate that triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype, is associated with poor prognosis and an early pattern of metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that MUC4 mucin is associated with metastasis of various cancers, including breast cancer. However, the functional role of MUC4 remains unclear in breast cancers, especially in TNBCs. METHOD In the present study, we investigated the functional and mechanistic roles of MUC4 in potentiating pathogenic signals including EGFR family proteins to promote TNBC aggressiveness using in vitro and in vivo studies. Further, we studied the expression of MUC4 in invasive TNBC tissue and normal breast tissue by immunostaining. RESULTS MUC4 promotes proliferation, anchorage-dependent and-independent growth of TNBC cells, augments TNBC cell migratory and invasive potential in vitro, and enhances tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. In addition, our studies demonstrated that MUC4 up-regulates the EGFR family of proteins, and augments downstream Erk1/2, PKC-γ, and FAK mediated oncogenic signaling. Moreover, our studies also showed that knockdown of MUC4 in TNBC cells induced molecular changes suggestive of mesenchymal to epithelial transition. We also demonstrated in this study, for the first time, that knockdown of MUC4 was associated with reduced expression of EGFR and ErbB3 (EGFR family proteins) in TNBC cells, suggesting that MUC4 uses an alternative to ErbB2 mechanism to promote aggressiveness. We further demonstrate that MUC4 is differentially over-expressed in invasive TNBC tissues compared to normal breast tissue. CONCLUSIONS MUC4 mucin expression is associated with TNBC pathobiology, and its knockdown reduced aggressiveness in vitro, and tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Overall, our findings suggest that MUC4 mucin promotes invasive activities of TNBC cells by altering the expression of EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3 molecules and their downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Subhankar Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Priya Pai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Subodh M. Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McNamara KM, Yoda T, Takagi K, Miki Y, Suzuki T, Sasano H. Androgen receptor in triple negative breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 133:66-76. [PMID: 22982153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The clinical management of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging due to the relatively aggressive biological behaviour and paucity of specific targeted therapy. A subset of TNBC patients has been reported to express androgen receptor (AR) in carcinoma cells and the manipulation of androgen signalling or AR targeted therapies have been proposed. However, the biological significance of AR in TNBC has remained relatively unknown. Therefore, this review aims to summarise the reported studies assessing the rates of AR positivity in TNBC patients and androgenic effects in TNBC cell lines. The rates of AR positivity among TNBC cases varied depending on the study population (0-53% of all TNBC patients). This difference among the reported studies may be largely due to the methodological differences of analysing AR. While the majority of cell line studies suggest that androgen increase proliferation and preliminary clinical studies suggest that AR antagonists improve the prognosis of AR positive TNBC patients, cell line transfection experiments and survival analyses of histological samples suggest that the presence of AR in tumour is either benign or predicts better survival. Therefore further translational investigations regarding the mechanisms of androgen action in TNBC are required to explain this discrepancy between clinical and basic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M McNamara
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Tohoku University School of Graduate Medicine, Japan.
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Ribelles N, Perez-Villa L, Jerez JM, Pajares B, Vicioso L, Jimenez B, de Luque V, Franco L, Gallego E, Marquez A, Alvarez M, Sanchez-Muñoz A, Perez-Rivas L, Alba E. Pattern of recurrence of early breast cancer is different according to intrinsic subtype and proliferation index. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R98. [PMID: 24148581 PMCID: PMC3978680 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrence risk in breast cancer varies throughout the follow-up time. We examined if these changes are related to the level of expression of the proliferation pathway and intrinsic subtypes. METHODS Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor, Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) was performed on tissue-microarrays constructed from a large and uniformly managed series of early breast cancer patients (N = 1,249). Subtype definitions by four biomarkers were as follows: luminal A (ER + and/or PR+, HER2−, Ki-67 <14), luminal B (ER + and/or PR+, HER2−, Ki-67 ≥14), HER2-enriched (any ER, any PR, HER2+, any Ki-67), triple-negative (ER−, PR−, HER2−, any Ki-67). Subtype definitions by six biomarkers were as follows: luminal A (ER + and/or PR+, HER2−, Ki-67 <14, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), luminal B (ER + and/or PR+, HER2−, Ki-67 ≥14, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), HER2-enriched (ER−, PR−, HER2+, any Ki-67, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), Luminal-HER2 (ER + and/or PR+, HER2+, any Ki-67, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), Basal-like (ER−, PR−, HER2−, any Ki-67, CK5/6+ and/or EGFR+), triple-negative nonbasal (ER−, PR−, HER2−, any Ki-67, CK 5/6−, EGFR−). Each four- or six-marker defined intrinsic subtype was divided in two groups, with Ki-67 <14% or with Ki-67 ≥14%. Recurrence hazard rate function was determined for each intrinsic subtype as a whole and according to Ki-67 value. RESULTS Luminal A displayed a slow risk increase, reaching its maximum after three years and then remained steady. Luminal B presented most of its relapses during the first five years. HER2-enriched tumors show a peak of recurrence nearly twenty months post-surgery, with a greater risk in Ki-67 ≥14%. However a second peak occurred at 72 months but the risk magnitude was greater in Ki-67 <14%. Triple negative tumors with low proliferation rate display a smooth risk curve, but with Ki-67 ≥14% show sharp peak at nearly 18 months. CONCLUSIONS Each intrinsic subtype has a particular pattern of relapses over time which change depending on the level of activation of the proliferation pathway assessed by Ki-67. These findings could have clinical implications both on adjuvant treatment trial design and on the recommendations concerning the surveillance of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ribelles
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Perez-Villa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Jerez
- Department of Languages and Computer Science, University of Malaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Bella Pajares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Vicioso
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Vanessa de Luque
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Leonardo Franco
- Department of Languages and Computer Science, University of Malaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Gallego
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Marquez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Martina Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, University of Malaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alfonso Sanchez-Muñoz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Perez-Rivas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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45
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Girgert R, Emons G, Gründker C. Inactivation of GPR30 reduces growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells: possible application in targeted therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:199-205. [PMID: 22290080 PMCID: PMC3397221 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-1968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers lack estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor, and do not overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2). They are neither susceptible to endocrine therapy nor to a therapy using the anti-Her-2 antibody, trastuzumab. Therefore, an efficient targeted therapy is warranted. Triple-negative breast tumors frequently express membrane bound estrogen receptor G-protein coupled receptor (GPR30). As proof of principle, we analyzed the consequences of a knock-down of GPR30 expression on the growth regulation of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Cells of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines were transfected with siRNA against GPR30 or control siRNA, and cell growth was stimulated either with 10(⁻⁹) M 17β-estradiol or 10(⁻⁶) M 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Cell proliferation was measured using Alamar blue staining. Activation of c-Src and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor was assessed using western blot. Expression of c-fos was quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Seven days after transfection with siRNA, GPR30 mRNA in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-435 and HCC1806 was reduced by 74 and 90%, respectively. 10(⁻⁸) M 17β-estradiol enhanced proliferation of MDA-MB-435 to 129.6±5.4% of control (p<0.05) and HCC1806 to 156.9±15.4% of control (p<0.05), respectively. 10(⁻⁶) M 4-hydroxytamoxifen increased cell number of MDA-MB-435 to 121.0±6.9% of control (p<0.05) and HCC1806 to 124.5±12.1% of control (n.s.), respectively. This increased proliferation by the two estrogenic compounds was completely prevented by knock-down of GPR30 expression in both cell lines. In control cells, activity of Src kinase was increased 3-fold by estradiol and 3.8-fold using 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Transactivation of the EGF-receptor was similarly increased in both cell lines by 17β-estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Both compounds increased c-fos expression 1.5- and 3.1-fold, respectively. Knock-down of GPR30 expression completely abolished activation of all these signaling pathways responsible for enhanced proliferation. A pharmacological inhibition of GPR30 by specific small molecular inhibitors might prove to be an appropriate targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Girgert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Abstract
BRCA1 is a key mediator of DNA repair pathways and participates in the maintenance of the genomic integrity of cells. The control of DNA damage repair mechanisms by BRCA1 is of great interest since molecular defects in this pathway may reflect a predictive value in terms of a cell’s sensitivity to DNA damaging agents or anticancer drugs. BRCA1 has been found to exhibit a hormone-dependent pattern of expression in breast cells. Wild-type BRCA1 is required for the inhibition of the growth of breast tumor cells in response to the pure steroidal ERα antagonist fulvestrant. Also a loss of BRCA1-mediated transcriptional activation of ERα expression results in increased resistance to ERα antagonists. Platinum-based drugs, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and their combination are currently included in chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer. Preclinical and clinical studies in a BRCA1-defective setting have recently indicated a rationale for the use of these compounds against hereditary breast cancers. Initial findings indicate that neoadjuvant use of cisplatin results in high rates of complete pathological response in patients with breast cancer who have BRCA1 mutations. Cisplatin produces a better response in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than in non-TNBC diseases in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. This implies that TNBC cells may harbor a dysfunctional BRCA1 repair pathway.
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47
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Impact of Body Mass Index on Survival Outcome Among Women With Early Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2012; 12:364-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Lucci A, Hall CS, Lodhi AK, Bhattacharyya A, Anderson AE, Xiao L, Bedrosian I, Kuerer HM, Krishnamurthy S. Circulating tumour cells in non-metastatic breast cancer: a prospective study. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:688-95. [PMID: 22677156 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of circulating tumour cells correlate with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer, but there are few data describing the importance of circulating tumour cells in patients with non-metastatic disease. Our aim was to establish if circulating tumour cells predicted worse outcome in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. METHODS We prospectively collected data on circulating tumour cells at the time of definitive surgery from chemonaive patients with stage 1-3 breast cancer from February, 2005, to December, 2010. We deemed eligible all patients with operable breast cancer presenting at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA). Patients were ineligible if they had bilateral breast cancer or any other malignancy within 5 years of the diagnosis of the present cancer. We measured circulating tumour cells with the CellSearch System (Veridex, Raritan, NJ). We correlated findings of circulating tumour cells with standard tumour characteristics, including tumour size and grade; oestrogen and progesterone receptor and human epidural growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status; and axillary lymph node status with χ(2) or Fisher exact tests. We assessed outcomes at a median follow-up of 35 months. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis was applied to establish the association of circulating tumour cells with progression-free and overall survival. FINDINGS No patients reported adverse events or complications from blood collections. We identified one or more circulating tumour cells in 73 (24%) of 302 patients. Detection of one or more circulating tumour cells predicted both decreased progression-free survival (log-rank p=0·005; hazard ratio [HR] 4·62, 95% CI 1·79-11·9) and overall survival (log-rank p=0·01; HR 4·04, 1·28-12·8). INTERPRETATION The presence of one or more circulating tumour cells predicted early recurrence and decreased overall survival in chemonaive patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. These results suggest that assessment of circulating tumour cells might provide important prognostic information in these patients. FUNDING Society of Surgical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the State of Texas Rare and Aggressive Breast Cancer Research Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lucci
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Grob TJ, Heilenkötter U, Geist S, Paluchowski P, Wilke C, Jaenicke F, Quaas A, Wilczak W, Choschzick M, Sauter G, Lebeau A. Rare oncogenic mutations of predictive markers for targeted therapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:561-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Narod SA, Valentini A, Nofech-Mozes S, Sun P, Hanna W. Tumour characteristics among women with very low-risk breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:1241-6. [PMID: 22547106 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that a proportion of non-palpable breast cancers that are diagnosed through mammography represents a very low-risk subgroup of cancers that may not affect survival (overdiagnosis). The salient pathologic features of cancers in this theoretical subgroup are not known, and therefore, it is not possible to predict which patients have a cancer of this type. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and survival experiences of 715 patients with an invasive breast cancer of 5.0 cm or less. The tumour from each patient was represented in triplicate on a tissue microarray. Cases were divided into low-risk and moderate-/high-risk categories based on lymph node status and palpability. Low-risk cancers were those that were non-palpable, node-negative and were only detected by mammographic screening. All other cancers were high/moderate risk. The two groups of cancer patients were compared for a number of tumour characteristics, based on immunohistochemistry. There were 79 low-risk cancers and 636 moderate-/high-risk cancers. The low-risk cancers were characterized by ER-positivity, PR-positivity, HER2-negativity, ck5/6-negativity, EGFR-negativity and p53-negativity. About 54 of the 79 low-risk cancers (68 %) were of the luminal A subtype versus 335 of 636 moderate-/high-risk cancers (53 %; p = 0.008). Among 42 women with a non-palpable, mammogram-detected PR+ HER2- cancer of 5.0 cm or less, the 15-year distant recurrence-free survival rate was 100 %. Small breast cancers that are PR+ and HER2- and that are detectable by mammogram alone have a very low risk of recurrence. A proportion of these may represent examples of overdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 790 Bay Street, 7th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
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