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Ahmed T, Liu FCF, Lu B, Lip H, Park E, Alradwan I, Liu JF, He C, Zetrini A, Zhang T, Ghavaminejad A, Rauth AM, Henderson JT, Wu XY. Advances in Nanomedicine Design: Multidisciplinary Strategies for Unmet Medical Needs. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1722-1765. [PMID: 35587783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, a rising burden of complex diseases takes a heavy toll on human lives and poses substantial clinical and economic challenges. This review covers nanomedicine and nanotechnology-enabled advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) designed to address various unmet medical needs. Key nanomedicine and DDSs, currently employed in the clinic to tackle some of these diseases, are discussed focusing on their versatility in diagnostics, anticancer therapy, and diabetes management. First-hand experiences from our own laboratory and the work of others are presented to provide insights into strategies to design and optimize nanomedicine- and nanotechnology-enabled DDS for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Computational analysis is also briefly reviewed as a technology for rational design of controlled release DDS. Further explorations of DDS have illuminated the interplay of physiological barriers and their impact on DDS. It is demonstrated how such delivery systems can overcome these barriers for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and how new perspectives of next-generation DDS can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taksim Ahmed
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Fuh-Ching Franky Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - HoYin Lip
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Elliya Park
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jackie Fule Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Abdulmottaleb Zetrini
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Amin Ghavaminejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Henderson
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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Pharmaceutical nanoformulation strategies to spatiotemporally manipulate oxidative stress for improving cancer therapies — exemplified by polyunsaturated fatty acids and other ROS-modulating agents. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2303-2334. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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de Chaves MA, Ferreira do Amaral T, Monteiro da Silva Rodrigues Coutinho N, Fernanda Andrzejewski Kaminski T, Teixeira ML, Flavio Souza de Oliveira L, de Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. Synergistic association of clioquinol with antifungal drugs against biofilm forms of clinical Fusarium isolates. Mycoses 2020; 63:1069-1082. [PMID: 32662568 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of biofilm on the complexity of fungal diseases has been reported in recent years, especially in non-invasive mycoses such as keratitis and onychomycosis. The difficulty in treating cases of fusariosis in the human medical clinic exemplifies this situation, because when Fusarium spp. are present in the form of biofilm, the permeation of antifungal agents is compromised. OBJECTIVES This study proposes an association of clioquinol, an inhibitor of fungal cells with antifungal drugs prescribed to combat fusariosis in humans. METHODS Susceptibility was assessed by microdilution in broth. Formation of biofilm by staining with violet crystal. Inhibition and removal of biofilm using the MTT colorimetric reagent. Time-kill combination, hypoallergenicity test, cytotoxicity test and toxicity prediction by computer analysis were also performed. RESULTS Clioquinol associated with voriconazole and ciclopirox inhibited biofilm formation. Possibly, clioquinol acts in the germination and elongation of hyphae, while voriconazole prevents cell adhesion and ciclopirox the formation of the extracellular polymeric matrix. The CLIO-VRC association reduced the biofilm formation by more than 90%, while the CLIO-CPX association prevented over 95%. None of the association was irritating, and over 90% of the leucocytes remained viable. Computational analysis does not reveal toxicity relevant to CLIO, whereas VRC and CPX showed some risks for systemic use, but suitable for topical formulations. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CLIO-VRC or CLIO-CPX proved to be a promising association strategy in the medical clinic, both in combating fungal keratitis and onychomycosis, since they prevent the initial process of establishing an infection, the formation of biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Antunes de Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kopecka J, Trouillas P, Gašparović AČ, Gazzano E, Assaraf YG, Riganti C. Phospholipids and cholesterol: Inducers of cancer multidrug resistance and therapeutic targets. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 49:100670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Lee KT, Lu YJ, Chiu SC, Chang WC, Chuang EY, Lu SY. Heterogeneous Fenton Reaction Enabled Selective Colon Cancerous Cell Treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16580. [PMID: 30410055 PMCID: PMC6224383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A selective colon cancer cell therapy was effectively achieved with catalase-mediated intra-cellular heterogeneous Fenton reactions triggered by cellular uptake of SnFe2O4 nanocrystals. The treatment was proven effective for eradicating colon cancer cells, whereas was benign to normal colon cells, thus effectively realizing the selective colon cancer cell therapeutics. Cancer cells possess much higher innate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but much lower catalase levels than normal cells. Catalase, an effective H2O2 scavenger, prevented attacks on cells by reactive oxygen species induced from H2O2. The above intrinsic difference between cancer and normal cells was utilized to achieve selective colon cancer cell eradication through endocytosing efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalysts to trigger the formation of highly reactive oxygen species from H2O2. In this paper, SnFe2O4 nanocrystals, a newly noted outstanding paramagnetic heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, have been verified an effective selective colon cancerous cell treatment reagent of satisfactory blood compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chieh Chiu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University. College of Biomedical Engineering, International PhD program of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Therapies, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Shih-Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Zhu J, Hu M, Qiu L. Drug resistance reversal by combretastatin-A4 phosphate loaded with doxorubicin in polymersomes independent of angiogenesis effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:844-855. [PMID: 28425588 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate that the polymersomes (Ps-DOX-CA4P) dual-loaded with combretastatin-A4 phosphate (CA4P) and doxorubicin (DOX) overcame drug resistance and sensitized tumour cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS Ps-DOX-CA4P were prepared by solvent evaporation method using mPEG-b-PLA as carriers. The potential capability of CA4P to reverse DOX resistance was verified by cytotoxicity test, apoptosis assay and cellular uptake of DOX. The comparison between free drugs and drug-loaded polymersomes was also made on a single-layer cell model and multicellular tumour spheroids to display the superiority of the drug vehicles. Furthermore, we put the emphasis on the investigation into underlying mechanisms for CA4P overcoming DOX resistance. KEY FINDINGS Results showed Ps-DOX-CA4P achieved increased uptake of DOX, enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptotic rate in MCF-7/ADR cells as well as MCF-7/ADR tumour spheroids. The potential molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting P-glycoprotein function by downregulating protein kinase Cα, stimulating ATPase activity, depleting ATP and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. CONCLUSIONS The findings validated the sensitization property of CA4P on DOX independent of its well-known angiogenesis effect, which would provide a novel and promising strategy for drug-resistant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Li R, Xie Y. Nanodrug delivery systems for targeting the endogenous tumor microenvironment and simultaneously overcoming multidrug resistance properties. J Control Release 2017; 251:49-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Lee KT, Lu YJ, Mi FL, Burnouf T, Wei YT, Chiu SC, Chuang EY, Lu SY. Catalase-Modulated Heterogeneous Fenton Reaction for Selective Cancer Cell Eradication: SnFe 2O 4 Nanocrystals as an Effective Reagent for Treating Lung Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1273-1279. [PMID: 28006093 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous Fenton reactions have been proven to be an effective and promising selective cancer cell treatment method. The key working mechanism for this method to achieve the critical therapeutic selectivity however remains unclear. In this study, we proposed and demonstrated for the first time the critical role played by catalase in realizing the therapeutic selectivity for the heterogeneous Fenton reaction-driven cancer cell treatment. The heterogeneous Fenton reaction, with the lattice ferric ions of the solid catalyst capable of converting H2O2 to highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, can effectively eradicate cancer cells. In this study, SnFe2O4 nanocrystals, a recently discovered outstanding heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, were applied for selective killing of lung cancer cells. The SnFe2O4 nanocrystals, internalized into the cancer cells, can effectively convert endogenous H2O2 into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals to invoke an intensive cytotoxic effect on the cancer cells. On the other hand, catalase, present at a significantly higher concentration in normal cells than in cancer cells, remarkably can impede the apoptotic cell death induced by the internalized SnFe2O4 nanocrystals. According to the results obtained from the in vitro cytotoxicity study, the relevant oxidative attacks were effectively suppressed by the presence of normal physiological levels of catalase. The SnFe2O4 nanocrystals were thus proved to effect apoptotic cancer cell death through the heterogeneous Fenton reaction and were benign to cells possessing normal physiological levels of catalase. The catalase modulation of the involved heterogeneous Fenton reaction plays the key role in achieving selective cancer cell eradication for the heterogeneous Fenton reaction-driven cancer cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Lee
- Technology Research Development Department, Plastics Industry Development Center , Taichung 40768, Taiwan ( ROC )
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery and ⬡Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan ( ROC )
| | | | | | - Yi-Ting Wei
- Technology Research Development Department, Plastics Industry Development Center , Taichung 40768, Taiwan ( ROC )
| | | | | | - Shih-Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan ( ROC )
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Ai Y, Zhu B, Ren C, Kang F, Li J, Huang Z, Lai Y, Peng S, Ding K, Tian J, Zhang Y. Discovery of New Monocarbonyl Ligustrazine-Curcumin Hybrids for Intervention of Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1747-60. [PMID: 26891099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The elevation of oxidative stress preferentially in cancer cells by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and/or enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has emerged as an effective strategy for selectively targeting cancer cells. In this study, we designed and synthesized 21 ligustrazine-curcumin hybrids (10a-u). Biological evaluation indicated that the most active compound 10d significantly inhibited the proliferation of drug-sensitive (A549, SPC-A-1, LTEP-G-2) and drug-resistant (A549/DDP) lung cancer cells but had little effect on nontumor lung epithelial-like cells (HBE). Furthermore, 10d suppressed the TrxR/Trx system and promoted intracellular ROS accumulation and cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally, 10d inhibited the NF-κB, AKT, and ERK signaling, P-gp-mediated efflux of rhodamine 123, P-gp ATPase activity, and P-gp expression in A549/DDP cells. Finally, 10d repressed the growth of implanted human drug-resistant lung cancer in mice. Together, 10d acts a novel TrxR inhibitor and may be a promising candidate for intervention of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410078, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410078, China
| | - Fenghua Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
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10
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Salvianolic acid A shows selective cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:210-23. [PMID: 25419632 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause for incurable breast cancer. Salvianolic acid A (SAA), the hydrophilic polyphenolic derivative of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen/Red Sage), was examined for cytotoxicities to MDR MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and their parental counterparts. We have shown that SAA inhibited proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and induced apoptosis dose dependently to the two kinds of cancer cells. However, the resistant cells were significantly susceptible to the inhibition of SAA compared with the parental cells. SAA increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 6.2-fold in the resistant cells, whereas the level of SAA-induced ROS changed only by 1.6-fold in their parental counterparts. Thus, the data showed that the selective cytotoxicity resulted from the hypersensitivity of the resistant cells to the strongly elevated ROS by SAA. In addition, SAA-triggered apoptosis was associated with increased caspase-3 activity, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, and upregulated Bax expression in the resistant cells. Moreover, SAA downregulated the level of P-glycoprotein, which was overexpressed in the resistant cells. This indicated that SAA modulated MDR. Furthermore, SAA showed higher antitumor activity than did doxorubicin in xenografts established from the resistant cells. The present work raised a possibility that SAA might be considered a potential choice to overcome MDR for the selective susceptibility of the resistant breast cancer cells to SAA treatment.
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11
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Cheng J, Liu Q, Shuhendler AJ, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 130:164-72. [PMID: 25896537 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. The cytotoxicity of the GOX formulations was positively correlated with membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Qun Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2.
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Abdekhodaie M, Cheng J, Wu X. Effect of formulation factors on the bioactivity of glucose oxidase encapsulated chitosan–alginate microspheres: In vitro investigation and mathematical model prediction. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Xie XH, Zhao H, Hu YY, Gu XD. Germacrone reverses Adriamycin resistance through cell apoptosis in multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1611-1615. [PMID: 25289068 PMCID: PMC4186325 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the chemotherapeutic treatment of breast cancer. Germacrone, the main component of Rhizoma Curcuma, has been shown to possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of germacrone on MCF-7/Adriamycin (ADR) multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells. The treatment of MCF-7/ADR cells with a combination of germacrone and ADR resulted in an increase in cytotoxicity compared with that of ADR alone, as determined using an MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that germacrone promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, whilst treatment with germacrone plus ADR enhanced the apoptotic effect synergistically. Furthermore, the results from the western blot analysis demonstrated that augmenting ADR treatment with germacrone resulted in a reduction of anti-apoptotic protein expression levels (bcl-2) and enhancement of pro-apoptotic protein expression levels (p53 and bax) in MCF-7/ADR cells compared with the levels achieved by treatment with ADR alone. In addition, germacrone significantly reduced the expression of P-glycoprotein via the inhibition of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene promoter. These findings demonstrate that germacrone has a critical role against MDR and may be a novel MDR reversal agent for breast cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Dong Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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He AY, Qiu LJ, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Xu ZW, Xu JM, Zhang ZH. The role of oxidative stress in neuromelanin synthesis in PC12 cells. Neuroscience 2011; 189:43-50. [PMID: 21624436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that neuromelanin (NM) is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in PD sufferers is thought to be related to enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and NM production. However, few reports have confirmed this hypothesis. In this study, PC12 cells of all experiments were exposed to 50 μmol/L levodopa (l-DOPA) to generate a model for NM synthesis. Meanwhile, PC12 cells were treated with glucose oxidase (GO) at different concentrations to generate oxidative stress. Finally, cell viability, TH activity, and NM generation in PC12 cells were measured. The results showed that GO dose-dependently stimulated oxidative stress generation in PC12 cells. Moderate increases in oxidative stress enhanced the viability of PC12 cells. However, an excessive level of oxidative stress can lead to the degeneration of PC12 cells. Notably, in the surviving PC12 cells, ROS significantly increased the TH activity, and the NM production was also upregulated. Thus, oxidative stress may upregulate the synthesis of NM, which may be a result of the increased TH activity observed in response to the elevated ROS in l-DOPA-treated PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Y He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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16
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Characterization of a microsphere formulation containing glucose oxidase and its in vivo efficacy in a murine solid tumor model. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2343-57. [PMID: 19685212 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work focused on the characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of an alginate/chitosan microsphere (ACMS) formulation of glucose oxidase (GOX) for the locoregional delivery of reactive oxygen species for the treatment of solid tumors. METHODS The GOX distribution and ACMS composition were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanism of GOX loading and GOX-polymer interactions were examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo efficacy of GOX-encapsulated ACMS (ACMS-GOX) were evaluated in EMT6 breast cancer cells and solid tumors. RESULTS GOX was loaded into calcium alginate (CaAlg) gel beads via electrostatic interaction and the CaAlg-GOX-chitosan complexation likely stabilized GOX. Higher concentrations of GOX near the surface of ACMS were detected. GOX retained its integrity upon adsorption to CaAlg gel beads during the coating and after release from ACMS. ACMS-GOX exhibited cytotoxicity to the breast cancer cells in vitro and their efficacy increased with increasing incubation time. Intratumorally delivered ACMS-GOX significantly delayed tumor growth with much lower general toxicity than free GOX. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the ACMS-GOX formulation has the potential for the intratumoral delivery of therapeutic proteins to treat solid tumors.
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