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Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhao H, He X, Wang Y, Wang H. Prognostic significance and value of further classification of lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast cancer: a retrospective observational study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 206:397-410. [PMID: 38771398 PMCID: PMC11182868 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast cancer and the value of using specific vascular endothelial markers to further classify lymphovascular invasion. METHODS We collected 2124 patients with invasive breast cancer who were hospitalized at the First Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 2012 to 2020. Statistical methods were used to investigate the relationship between lymphovascular invasion and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer, and the correlation between lymphovascular invasion on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of various categories of breast cancers. Immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer samples containing lymphovascular invasion using specific vascular endothelial markers D2-40 and CD34 was used to classify lymphovascular invasion and to investigate the relationship between lymphovascular invasion and breast cancer progression. RESULTS There was a high correlation between lymphovascular invasion and T stage, N stage and nerve invasion. Survival analyses showed that patients with lymphovascular invasion, especially luminal B, triple-negative, and Her-2 overexpression breast cancer patients, had poorer OS and DFS prognosis, and that lymphovascular invasion was an independent prognostic factor affecting OS and DFS in breast cancer. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that positive D2-40 staining of lymphovascular invasion was linked to the N stage and localized recurrence of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Lymphovascular invasion is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and is an independent poor prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer localized recurrence rate and lymph node metastases are influenced by lymphatic vessel invasion. Immunohistochemical techniques should be added to the routine diagnosis of lymphovascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Union Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huahui Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Union Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueming He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Union Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Union Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hongjiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Union Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Ramírez-Torres N, Reyes-López A, Hernández-Valencia M. [Associating prognostic factors with clinical results in locally advanced breast cancer]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:88-98. [PMID: 36542781 PMCID: PMC10395981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women. Objective To identify clinico-pathological and molecular markers as predictors of survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Methods Retrospective and observational study. The clinical factors of clinico-pathological and molecular predictors in relation with overall survival (OS) were assessed by the survival function, baseline hazard with smoothing and Cox regression. Results 126 patients were assessed. OS at five years was significantly superior in patients with clinical stage IIIA (87%; p < 0.001), grade 2 tumor (81%; p < 0.001), pathological node stage (ypN0: 90%; p < .001), low-risk Nottingham prognostic index (86%; p < 0.001) and luminal A subtype (88%; p = 0.022). Baseline hazard with smoothing exhibited an increase in the mortality rate at 50 months for the luminal B/ HER2+ subtype compared with other subtypes. The multivariate analysis ascertained that the stage ypN2-3 (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.2 to 23.9) and the HER2+ nonluminal (HR = 7.8; 95% CI: 2 to 29.6) and triple negative (HR = 5.4; 95% CI: 1.7 to 17.2) subtypes were associated with a poor OS. Conclusions The comprehensive evaluation of the molecular marker and clinico-pathological factors provides more accurate predictive and prognostic information. The nodal stage and molecular subtype are suitable clinical parameters on survival for LABC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ramírez-Torres
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia No. 3, Servicio de Ginecología Oncológica. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Secretaría de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud. Ciudad de México, MéxicoSecretaría de SaludMéxico
| | - Marcelino Hernández-Valencia
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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3
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Li C, Song L, Yin J. Intratumoral and Peritumoral Radiomics Based on Functional Parametric Maps from Breast DCE-MRI for Prediction of HER-2 and Ki-67 Status. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:703-714. [PMID: 33955619 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiomics has been applied to breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for gene status prediction. However, the features of peritumoral regions were not thoroughly investigated. PURPOSE To evaluate the use of intratumoral and peritumoral regions from functional parametric maps based on breast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for prediction of HER-2 and Ki-67 status. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION A total of 351 female patients (average age, 51 years) with pathologically confirmed breast cancer were assigned to the training (n = 243) and validation (n = 108) cohorts. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T, T1 gradient echo. ASSESSMENT Radiomic features were extracted from intratumoral and peritumoral regions on six functional parametric maps calculated using time-intensity curves of DCE-MRI. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to determine the reproducibility of feature extraction. Based on the intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined intra- and peritumoral regions, three radiomics signatures (RSs) were built using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model, respectively. STATISTICAL TESTS Wilcoxon rank-sum test, minimum redundancy maximum relevance, LASSO, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and DeLong test. RESULTS The intratumoral and peritumoral RSs for prediction of HER-2 and Ki-67 status achieved areas under the ROC (AUCs) of 0.683 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.574-0.793) and 0.690 (95% CI, 0.577-0.804), and 0.714 (95% CI, 0.616-0.812) and 0.692 (95% CI, 0.590-0.794) in the validation cohort, respectively. The combined RSs yielded AUCs of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.604-0.823) and 0.749 (95% CI, 0.656-0.841), respectively. There were no significant differences in prediction performance among intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined RSs. Most (69.7%) of the features had good agreement (ICCs >0.8). DATA CONCLUSION Radiomic features of intratumoral and peritumoral regions on functional parametric maps based on breast DCE-MRI had the potential to identify HER-2 and Ki-67 status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lirong Song
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiandong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Hruban RH, Gaida MM, Thompson E, Hong SM, Noë M, Brosens LA, Jongepier M, Offerhaus GJA, Wood LD. Why is pancreatic cancer so deadly? The pathologist's view. J Pathol 2019; 248:131-141. [PMID: 30838636 DOI: 10.1002/path.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer has never been fully explained. Although clearly multifactorial, we postulate that venous invasion, a finding seen in most pancreatic cancers but not in most cancers of other organs, may be a significant, underappreciated contributor to the aggressiveness of this disease. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph H Hruban
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Department of General Pathology, The University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michaël Noë
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lodewijk Aa Brosens
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Jongepier
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura D Wood
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Biganzoli L, Marotti L, Hart CD, Cataliotti L, Cutuli B, Kühn T, Mansel RE, Ponti A, Poortmans P, Regitnig P, van der Hage JA, Wengström Y, Rosselli Del Turco M. Quality indicators in breast cancer care: An update from the EUSOMA working group. Eur J Cancer 2017; 86:59-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Braman NM, Etesami M, Prasanna P, Dubchuk C, Gilmore H, Tiwari P, Plecha D, Madabhushi A. Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for the pretreatment prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on breast DCE-MRI. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:57. [PMID: 28521821 PMCID: PMC5437672 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we evaluated the ability of radiomic textural analysis of intratumoral and peritumoral regions on pretreatment breast cancer dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to predict pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods A total of 117 patients who had received NAC were retrospectively analyzed. Within the intratumoral and peritumoral regions of T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI scans, a total of 99 radiomic textural features were computed at multiple phases. Feature selection was used to identify a set of top pCR-associated features from within a training set (n = 78), which were then used to train multiple machine learning classifiers to predict the likelihood of pCR for a given patient. Classifiers were then independently tested on 39 patients. Experiments were repeated separately among hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+, HER2−) and triple-negative or HER2+ (TN/HER2+) tumors via threefold cross-validation to determine whether receptor status-specific analysis could improve classification performance. Results Among all patients, a combined intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic feature set yielded a maximum AUC of 0.78 ± 0.030 within the training set and 0.74 within the independent testing set using a diagonal linear discriminant analysis (DLDA) classifier. Receptor status-specific feature discovery and classification enabled improved prediction of pCR, yielding maximum AUCs of 0.83 ± 0.025 within the HR+, HER2− group using DLDA and 0.93 ± 0.018 within the TN/HER2+ group using a naive Bayes classifier. In HR+, HER2− breast cancers, non-pCR was characterized by elevated peritumoral heterogeneity during initial contrast enhancement. However, TN/HER2+ tumors were best characterized by a speckled enhancement pattern within the peritumoral region of nonresponders. Radiomic features were found to strongly predict pCR independent of choice of classifier, suggesting their robustness as response predictors. Conclusions Through a combined intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics approach, we could successfully predict pCR to NAC from pretreatment breast DCE-MRI, both with and without a priori knowledge of receptor status. Further, our findings suggest that the radiomic features most predictive of response vary across different receptor subtypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0846-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Braman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Maryam Etesami
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Prateek Prasanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | - Hannah Gilmore
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Pallavi Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Donna Plecha
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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7
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Rahal S, Boher JM, Extra JM, Tarpin C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Lambaudie E, Sabatier R, Thomassin-Piana J, Tallet A, Resbeut M, Houvenaeghel G, Laborde L, Bertucci F, Viens P, Gonçalves A. Immunohistochemical subtypes predict the clinical outcome in high-risk node-negative breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant FEC regimen: results of a single-center retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:697. [PMID: 26466893 PMCID: PMC4607139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with high-risk node-negative breast cancer (BC). In this setting, prognostic factors predicting for treatment failure might help selecting among the different available cytotoxic combinations. METHODS Between 1998 and 2008, 757 consecutive patients with node-negative BC treated in our institution with adjuvant FEC (5FU, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy were identified. Data collection included demographic, clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment information. Molecular subtypes were derived from estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade. Disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier Method, and prognostic factors were examined by multivariate Cox analysis. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 70 months, the 5-year DFS, DDFS and OS were 90.6 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 88.2-93.1), 92.8 % (95 % CI: 90.7-95) and 95.1 % (95 % CI, 93.3-96.9), respectively. In the multivariate analysis including classical clinico-pathological parameters, only grade 3 maintained a significant and independent adverse prognostic impact. In an alternative multivariate model where ER, PR and grade were replaced by molecular subtypes, only luminal B/HER2-negative and triple-negative subtypes were associated with reduced DFS and DDFS. CONCLUSIONS Node-negative BC patients receiving adjuvant FEC regimen have a favorable outcome. Luminal B/HER2-negative and triple-negative subtypes identify patients with a higher risk of treatment failure, which might warrant more aggressive systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - J M Boher
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - J M Extra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - C Tarpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - E Charafe-Jauffret
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - E Lambaudie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - R Sabatier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - J Thomassin-Piana
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - A Tallet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - M Resbeut
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - G Houvenaeghel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - L Laborde
- Data Management and Analysis Center, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - F Bertucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - P Viens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - A Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Sugiyama M, Hasebe T, Shimada H, Takeuchi H, Shimizu K, Shimizu M, Yasuda M, Ueda S, Shigekawa T, Osaki A, Saeki T. Grading system for blood vessel tumor emboli of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:906-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Kong DD, Yang J, Li L, Wang W, Chen YN, Wang SB, Zhou YZ. T-cadherin association with clinicopathological features and prognosis in axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:119-26. [PMID: 25677746 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of T-cadherin expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer. Based on the immunohistochemistry results, all 142 patients with operable axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer were divided into the T-cadherin-negative and T-cadherin-positive groups. Clinical data including the association of T-cadherin expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed using the Chi square test and Fisher's exact test using SPSS 13.0 software. The impact of T-cadherin expression on the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) of these patients was measured using the log-rank test. DFS and OS were analyzed using both Kaplan-Meier function and Cox regression analyses. Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (55.07, 28.99, and 13.4 %, respectively; P = 0.030, P = 0.0132, and P = 0.009), tumor size >2 cm, lymph-vascular invasion, and pathological stage III disease were seen more frequently in the T-cadherin-negative group (72.60, 49.32, and 31.51 %, respectively). Both 5-year DFS and 5-year OS were poorer in the T-cadherin-negative group than in the T-cadherin-positive group (log-rank test = 9.295, P = 0.002; log-rank test = 5.718, P = 0.017). On multivariate analysis, T-cadherin-negative expression remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.002) but not for OS (P = 0.067). Our results suggested that negative T-cadherin expression has a worse prognosis in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-di Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6, Jiankang Road, Jiningy, 272011, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
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