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Kok VC, Huang T, Hsu Y, Chang Y, Yang P. Select gene mutations associated with survival outcomes in ER-positive ERBB2-negative early-stage invasive breast cancer: A single-institutional tissue bank study. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70035. [PMID: 39031010 PMCID: PMC11258552 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognostic capability of targeted sequencing of primary tumors in patients with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative early-stage invasive breast cancer (EBC) in a real-world setting is uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to determine the correlation between a 22-gene mutational profile and long-term survival outcomes in patients with ER+/ERBB2- EBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 73 women diagnosed with ER+/ERBB2- EBC between January 10, 2004, and June 2, 2008, were followed up until December 31, 2022. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were constructed to plot the relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The log-rank test derived p-value was obtained. For external validation, we performed a survival analysis of 1163 comparable patients retrieved from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) dataset. RESULTS At follow-up, 16 (21.9%) patients had relapsed, while 21 (nearly 29%) harbored mutant genes. Thirty-three missense mutations were detected in 14 genes. The median ages were 51 and 46 years in patients with and without mutations, respectively. Patients with any mutation had a 1.85-fold higher risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-5.69) compared to those without any mutation. Patients who harbored any of the six genes (MAP2K4, FGFR3, APC, KIT, RB1, and PTEN) had a nearly 6-fold increase in the risk of relapse (HR: 5.82, 95% CI: 1.31-18.56; p = 0.0069). Multivariate Cox models revealed that the adjusted HR for RFS and OS were 6.67 (95% CI: 1.32-27.57) and 8.31 (p = 0.0443), respectively. METABRIC analysis also demonstrated a trend to significantly worse RFS (p = 0.0576) in the subcohort grouped by having a mutation in any of the six genes. CONCLUSIONS Our single-institution tissue bank study of Taiwanese women with ER+/ERBB2- EBC suggests that a novel combination of six gene mutations might have prognostic capability for survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C. Kok
- Division of Medical OncologyKuang Tien General Hospital Cancer CenterTaichungTaiwan
| | - To‐Yu Huang
- Department of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial HospitalNew TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Center for Astronautical Physics and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yuan‐Ching Chang
- Department of General SurgeryMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Po‐Sheng Yang
- Department of General SurgeryMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMackay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
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2
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Gu Y, Wang M, Gong Y, Li X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Jiang S, Zhang D, Li C. Unveiling breast cancer risk profiles: a survival clustering analysis empowered by an online web application. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2651-2667. [PMID: 38095059 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a shiny app for doctors to investigate breast cancer treatments through a new approach by incorporating unsupervised clustering and survival information. Materials & methods: Analysis is based on the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) dataset, which contains 1726 subjects and 22 variables. Cox regression was used to identify survival risk factors for K-means clustering. Logrank tests and C-statistics were compared across different cluster numbers and Kaplan-Meier plots were presented. Results & conclusion: Our study fills an existing void by introducing a unique combination of unsupervised learning techniques and survival information on the clinician side, demonstrating the potential of survival clustering as a valuable tool in uncovering hidden structures based on distinct risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gu
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Yishu Gong
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, NY 02115, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Song Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Huzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., 313017, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shan Dong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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3
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Black MA, Neumann NM, Krings G, Najjar S, Troxell ML, Wang A, Devine WP, Vohra P, Gasper C, Chen YY, Cohen JN, Bean GR. Genetic and Immunohistochemical Profiling of Mammary Hidradenoma and Comparison to Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100270. [PMID: 37422157 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is exceedingly rare in the breast, with <45 cases reported in the literature. Although estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor 2 triple-negative, MEC is characterized as a special subtype of breast carcinoma with significantly better prognosis than conventional basal-type tumors. Cutaneous hidradenoma (HA) is considered a benign adnexal neoplasm showing histomorphologic overlap with MEC. Rare cases of HA have also been reported in the breast, but these are relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we examined the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC), and genetic features of 8 breast HAs, in comparison to 3 mammary MECs. All cases were positive for MAML2 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. Eight cases demonstrated a CRTC1::MAML2 fusion, and one MEC harbored a CRTC3::MAML2 fusion; the latter is a novel finding in the breast. Mutational burden was very low, with only one HA exhibiting a MAP3K1 pathogenic alteration. By IHC, both MEC and HA demonstrated cell type-dependent expression of high- and low-molecular-weight keratins and p63, as well as negative to low-positive estrogen receptor and androgen receptor. Smooth muscle myosin and calponin highlighted an in situ component in the 3 cases of MEC; expression of these myoepithelial markers was negative in HAs. Additional distinguishing characteristics included the growth pattern and tumor architecture, the presence of glandular/luminal cells in HA, and overall higher IHC expression of SOX10, S100 protein, MUC4, and mammaglobin in MEC. Morphologic findings were also compared to a series of 27 cutaneous nonmammary HAs. Mucinous and glandular/luminal cells were identified in significantly more mammary HAs than nonmammary lesions. The findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of MAML2-rearranged neoplasms of the breast, underscore the overlapping genetic features of MEC and HA, and highlight similarities to their extramammary counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Black
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Neil M Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gregor Krings
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Saleh Najjar
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megan L Troxell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - W Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cynthia Gasper
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gregory R Bean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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4
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Andre F, Filleron T, Kamal M, Mosele F, Arnedos M, Dalenc F, Sablin MP, Campone M, Bonnefoi H, Lefeuvre-Plesse C, Jacot W, Coussy F, Ferrero JM, Emile G, Mouret-Reynier MA, Thery JC, Isambert N, Mege A, Barthelemy P, You B, Hajjaji N, Lacroix L, Rouleau E, Tran-Dien A, Boyault S, Attignon V, Gestraud P, Servant N, Le Tourneau C, Cherif LL, Soubeyran I, Montemurro F, Morel A, Lusque A, Jimenez M, Jacquet A, Gonçalves A, Bachelot T, Bieche I. Genomics to select treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Nature 2022; 610:343-348. [PMID: 36071165 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is driven in part by genomic alterations1. The genomic characterization of cancers has shown interpatient heterogeneity regarding driver alterations2, leading to the concept that generation of genomic profiling in patients with cancer could allow the selection of effective therapies3,4. Although DNA sequencing has been implemented in practice, it remains unclear how to use its results. A total of 1,462 patients with HER2-non-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer were enroled to receive genomic profiling in the SAFIR02-BREAST trial. Two hundred and thirty-eight of these patients were randomized in two trials (nos. NCT02299999 and NCT03386162) comparing the efficacy of maintenance treatment5 with a targeted therapy matched to genomic alteration. Targeted therapies matched to genomics improves progression-free survival when genomic alterations are classified as level I/II according to the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT)6 (adjusted hazards ratio (HR): 0.41, 90% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.61, P < 0.001), but not when alterations are unselected using ESCAT (adjusted HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.56-1.06, P = 0.109). No improvement in progression-free survival was observed in the targeted therapies arm (unadjusted HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.76-1.75) for patients presenting with ESCAT alteration beyond level I/II. Patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 49) derived high benefit from olaparib (gBRCA1: HR = 0.36, 90% CI: 0.14-0.89; gBRCA2: HR = 0.37, 90% CI: 0.17-0.78). This trial provides evidence that the treatment decision led by genomics should be driven by a framework of target actionability in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Andre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,PRISM Center for personalized medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Medical School, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicetre, France.
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Maud Kamal
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France
| | | | - Monica Arnedos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius-Regaud IUCT oncopole and University of Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Paule Sablin
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mario Campone
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Hervé Bonnefoi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié INSERM U1218 and Université of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier INSERM U1194 and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Coussy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - George Emile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Thery
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hennri Becquerel, University of Medicine of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Isambert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Alice Mege
- Institut Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
| | | | - Benoit You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nawale Hajjaji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret INSERM U1192 PRISM Laboratory and University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alicia Tran-Dien
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,PRISM Center for personalized medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Bioinformatic Core Facility, UMS AMMICA, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sandrine Boyault
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Valery Attignon
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Gestraud
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, PSL Research University, Mines Paris Tech, INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Servant
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, PSL Research University, Mines Paris Tech, INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | | | - Linda Larbi Cherif
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Isabelle Soubeyran
- Unit of Molecular Pathology - Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Alain Morel
- Department of Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Amelie Lusque
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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5
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Francavilla C, O'Brien CS. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling dysregulation and targeting in breast cancer. Open Biol 2022; 12:210373. [PMID: 35193394 PMCID: PMC8864352 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signalling plays a critical role in breast embryonal development, tissue homeostasis, tumorigenesis and metastasis. FGFR, its numerous FGF ligands and signalling partners are often dysregulated in breast cancer progression and are one of the causes of resistance to treatment in breast cancer. Furthermore, FGFR signalling on epithelial cells is affected by signals from the breast microenvironment, therefore increasing the possibility of breast developmental abnormalities or cancer progression. Increasing our understanding of the multi-layered roles of the complex family of FGFRs, their ligands FGFs and their regulatory partners may offer novel treatment strategies for breast cancer patients, as a single agent or rational co-target, which will be explored in depth in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- The Manchester Breast Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Ciara S. O'Brien
- The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 2BX, UK
- The Manchester Breast Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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6
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Li C, Zhang G, Wang Y, Chen B, Li K, Cao L, Ren C, Wen L, Jia M, Mok H, Lai J, Xiao W, Li X, Liao N. Spectrum of MAP3K1 mutations in breast cancer is luminal subtype-predominant and related to prognosis. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:68. [PMID: 35069877 PMCID: PMC8756433 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP3K1 is a MAPK family serine-threonine kinase that is frequently mutated in human cancer. The association between mutations in the MAP3K1 gene and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with breast cancer remain unclear in the Chinese population. Thus, the aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the possible role and function of MAP3K1 in breast cancer. Data obtained from 412 consecutive patients with breast cancer were selected from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (GDPH) for analysis in the present study. Mutations were assessed using next-generation sequencing. The association between MAP3K1 mutations and clinicopathological features were analyzed and further compared with the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In the GDPH cohort, a total of 45 mutations MAP3K1 were identified in 8.5% (n=35) of the 412 patients, compared with 9.7% (n=244) in METABRIC and 7.9% (n=88) in TCGA. The majority of the mutations identified in the in three cohorts were truncating mutations, followed by mis-sense mutations. Mutations in MAP3K1 were predominant in patients with the luminal A and B breast cancer subtypes in METABRIC datasets (P<0.001), although no significant differences were observed in the GDPH cohort (P=0.227). In the METABRIC cohort, patients with MAP3K1 mutations experienced a improved overall survival (OS) rate than patients without MAP3K1 mutations (P=0.006). In patient with hormone receptor (HR)+ breast cancer, a more significantly higher OS rate was observed in patients with MAP3K1 mutations (P<0.001). MAP3K1 expression was associated with OS in the HR+ subgroup. Moreover, the MAP3K1 methylation levels were reduced in primary breast cancer tissue, compared with normal tissue. Thus, the present findings identified MAP3K1 mutations in Chinese patients with breast cancer, and compared MAP3K1 mutations between the cohorts from Western and Eastern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheukfai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Lai
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weikai Xiao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Jeffreys SA, Becker TM, Khan S, Soon P, Neubauer H, de Souza P, Powter B. Prognostic and Predictive Value of CCND1/Cyclin D1 Amplification in Breast Cancer With a Focus on Postmenopausal Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:895729. [PMID: 35784572 PMCID: PMC9249016 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 80% of breast cancers (BCa) are estrogen receptor positive and current treatments target the estrogen receptor (endocrine therapies) and/or CDK4/6 (CDK4/6 inhibitors). CCND1 encodes the protein cyclin D1, responsible for regulation of G1 to S phase transition in the cell cycle. CCND1 amplification is common in BCa and contributes to increased cyclin D1 expression. As there are signalling interactions between cyclin D1 and the estrogen receptor, understanding the impact of CCND1 amplification on estrogen receptor positive patients' disease outcomes, is vital. This review aims to evaluate CCND1 amplification as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in BCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Publications were retrieved from the databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library. Exclusion criteria were duplication, publication type, non-English language, in vitro and animal studies, not BCa, male BCa, premenopausal BCa, cohort size <35, CCND1 amplification not reported. Publications with cohort duplication, and inadequate recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) data, were also excluded. Included publications were assessed for Risk of Bias (RoB) using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Statistical analyses (Inverse Variance and Mantel-Haenszel) were performed in Review Manager. The PROSPERO registration number is [CRD42020208179]. RESULTS CCND1 amplification was significantly associated with positive estrogen receptor status (OR:1.70, 95% CI:1.19-2.43, p = 0.004) and cyclin D1 overexpression (OR: 5.64, 95% CI: 2.32-13.74, p=0.0001). CCND1 amplification was significantly associated with shorter RFS (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.38, p = 0.009), and OS (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19-1.92, p = 0.0008) after removal of studies with a high RoB. In endocrine therapy treated patients specifically, CCND1 amplification predicted shorter RFS (HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.96-3.41, p < 0.00001) and OS (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.00-2.49, p = 0.05) also after removal of studies with a high RoB. CONCLUSION While a lack of standardised approach for the detection of CCND1 amplification is to be considered as a limitation, CCND1 amplification was found to be prognostic of shorter RFS and OS in BCa. CCND1 amplification is also predictive of reduced RFS and OS in endocrine therapy treated patients specifically. With standardised methods and cut offs for the detection of CCND1 amplification, CCND1 amplification would have potential as a predictive biomarker in breast cancer patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020208179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Jeffreys
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sarah A. Jeffreys,
| | - Therese M. Becker
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown Cancer Centre, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Patsy Soon
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul de Souza
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Branka Powter
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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8
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Riaz SK, Khan W, Wang F, Khaliq T, Malik A, Razia ET, Khan JS, Haque S, Hashem AM, Alkhayyat SS, Azhar NE, Harakeh S, Ansari MJ, Haq F, Malik MFA. Targeted Inhibition of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1-GLI Through AZD4547 and GANT61 Modulates Breast Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758400. [PMID: 34722544 PMCID: PMC8548881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mediated carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. For instance, FGFR1 upregulation leads to endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer patients. The current study aimed to identify FGFR1-linked genes to devise improved therapeutic strategies. RNA-seq and microarray expression data of 1,425 breast cancer patients from two independent cohorts were downloaded for the analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify differentially expressed pathways associated with FGFR1 expression. Validation was done using 150 fresh tumor biopsy samples of breast cancer patients. The clinical relevance of mRNA and protein expression of FGFR1 and its associated genes were also evaluated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Furthermore, MDA-MB-231 cell line was treated with AZD4547 and GANT61 to identify the probable role of FGFR1 and its associated genes on cells motility and invasion. According to GSEA results, SHH pathway genes were significantly upregulated in FGFR1 patients in both discovery cohorts of breast cancer. Statistical analyses using both discovery cohorts and 150 fresh biopsy samples revealed strong association of FGFR1 and GLI1, a member of SHH pathway. The increase in the expression of these molecules was associated with poor prognosis, lymph node involvement, late stage, and metastasis. Combined exposures to AZD4547 (FGFR1 inhibitor) and GANT61 (GLI1 inhibitor) significantly reduced cell proliferation, cell motility, and invasion, suggesting molecular crosstalk in breast cancer progression and metastasis. A strong positive feedback mechanism between FGFR1-GLI1 axis was observed, which significantly increased cell proliferation and metastasis. Targeting FGFR1-GLI1 simultaneously will significantly improve the prognosis of breast cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Walizeb Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fen Wang
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tanwir Khaliq
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amber Malik
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Eisha Tir Razia
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadi S Alkhayyat
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najiah Esam Azhar
- General Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah Medical Complex, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College (Moradabad), Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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9
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Epstein RJ, Tian LJ, Gu YF. 2b or Not 2b: How Opposing FGF Receptor Splice Variants Are Blocking Progress in Precision Oncology. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9955456. [PMID: 34007277 PMCID: PMC8110382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9955456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
More than ten thousand peer-reviewed studies have assessed the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in cancer, but few patients have yet benefited from drugs targeting this molecular family. Strategizing how best to use FGFR-targeted drugs is complicated by multiple variables, including RNA splicing events that alter the affinity of ligands for FGFRs and hence change the outcomes of stromal-epithelial interactions. The effects of splicing are most relevant to FGFR2; expression of the FGFR2b splice isoform can restore apoptotic sensitivity to cancer cells, whereas switching to FGFR2c may drive tumor progression by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The differentiating and regulatory actions of wild-type FGFR2b contrast with the proliferative actions of FGFR1 and FGFR3, and may be converted to mitogenicity either by splice switching or by silencing of tumor suppressor genes such as CDH1 or PTEN. Exclusive use of small-molecule pan-FGFR inhibitors may thus cause nonselective blockade of FGFR2 isoforms with opposing actions, undermining the rationale of FGFR2 drug targeting. This splice-dependent ability of FGFR2 to switch between tumor-suppressing and -driving functions highlights an unmet oncologic need for isoform-specific drug targeting, e.g., by antibody inhibition of ligand-FGFR2c binding, as well as for more nuanced molecular pathology prediction of FGFR2 actions in different stromal-tumor contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Epstein
- New Hope Cancer Center, Beijing United Hospital, 9-11 Jiangtai West Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Clinical School, 84 Victoria St, Darlinghurst 2010 Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Jun Tian
- New Hope Cancer Center, Beijing United Hospital, 9-11 Jiangtai West Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yan Fei Gu
- New Hope Cancer Center, Beijing United Hospital, 9-11 Jiangtai West Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
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10
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Bourrier C, Pierga JY, Xuereb L, Salaun H, Proudhon C, Speicher MR, Belic J, Heitzer E, Lockhart BP, Guigal-Stephan N. Shallow Whole-Genome Sequencing from Plasma Identifies FGFR1 Amplified Breast Cancers and Predicts Overall Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061481. [PMID: 32517171 PMCID: PMC7353062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Focal amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) defines a subgroup of breast cancers with poor prognosis and high risk of recurrence. We sought to demonstrate the potential of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis to evaluate FGFR1 copy numbers from a cohort of 100 metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were screened for FGFR1 amplification by FISH, and positive cases were confirmed with a microarray platform (OncoscanTM). Subsequently, cfDNA was evaluated by two approaches, i.e., mFAST-SeqS and shallow whole-genome sequencing (sWGS), to estimate the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) allele fraction (AF) and to evaluate the FGFR1 status. Results: Tissue-based analyses identified FGFR1 amplifications in 20/100 tumors. All cases with a ctDNA AF above 3% (n = 12) showed concordance for FGFR1 status between tissue and cfDNA. In one case, we were able to detect a high-level FGFR1 amplification, although the ctDNA AF was below 1%. Furthermore, high levels of ctDNA indicated an association with unfavorable prognosis based on overall survival. Conclusions: Screening for FGFR1 amplification in ctDNA might represent a viable strategy to identify patients eligible for treatment by FGFR inhibition, and mBC ctDNA levels might be used for the evaluation of prognosis in clinical drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Bourrier
- Division of Biotechnology, Servier Research Institute, 125, Chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy Sur-seine, France; (C.B.); (B.P.L.)
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (J.-Y.P.); (H.S.)
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM CIC 1428, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France;
- Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Xuereb
- Division of Methodology and Valorisation of Data, Servier Research and Development Institute, 50 rue carnot, 92150 Suresnes, France;
| | - Hélène Salaun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (J.-Y.P.); (H.S.)
- Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Proudhon
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM CIC 1428, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Michael R. Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.R.S.); (J.B.); (E.H.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Belic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.R.S.); (J.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.R.S.); (J.B.); (E.H.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of Cancer, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Brian Paul Lockhart
- Division of Biotechnology, Servier Research Institute, 125, Chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy Sur-seine, France; (C.B.); (B.P.L.)
| | - Nolwen Guigal-Stephan
- Division of Biotechnology, Servier Research Institute, 125, Chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy Sur-seine, France; (C.B.); (B.P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-155-722-532
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