1
|
Szoszkiewicz A, Bukowska-Olech E, Jamsheer A. Molecular landscape of congenital vertebral malformations: recent discoveries and future directions. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:32. [PMID: 38291488 PMCID: PMC10829358 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertebral malformations (VMs) pose a significant global health problem, causing chronic pain and disability. Vertebral defects occur as isolated conditions or within the spectrum of various congenital disorders, such as Klippel-Feil syndrome, congenital scoliosis, spondylocostal dysostosis, sacral agenesis, and neural tube defects. Although both genetic abnormalities and environmental factors can contribute to abnormal vertebral development, our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of numerous VMs is still limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of resource that consolidates the current knowledge in this field. In this pioneering review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest research on the molecular basis of VMs and the association of the VMs-related causative genes with bone developmental signaling pathways. Our study identifies 118 genes linked to VMs, with 98 genes involved in biological pathways crucial for the formation of the vertebral column. Overall, the review summarizes the current knowledge on VM genetics, and provides new insights into potential involvement of biological pathways in VM pathogenesis. We also present an overview of available data regarding the role of epigenetic and environmental factors in VMs. We identify areas where knowledge is lacking, such as precise molecular mechanisms in which specific genes contribute to the development of VMs. Finally, we propose future research avenues that could address knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szoszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Dąbrowskiego 77A, 60-529, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heilala M, Lehtonen A, Arasalo O, Peura A, Pokki J, Ikkala O, Nonappa, Klefström J, Munne PM. Fibrin Stiffness Regulates Phenotypic Plasticity of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301137. [PMID: 37671812 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM)-regulated phenotypic plasticity is crucial for metastatic progression of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). While ECM faithful cell-based models are available for in situ and invasive tumors, such as cell aggregate cultures in reconstituted basement membrane and in collagenous gels, there are no ECM faithful models for metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Such models are essential to represent the stage of metastasis where clinical relevance and therapeutic opportunities are significant. Here, CTC-like DU4475 TNBC cells are cultured in mechanically tunable 3D fibrin hydrogels. This is motivated, as in circulation fibrin aids CTC survival by forming a protective coating reducing shear stress and immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity and promotes several stages of late metastatic processes at the interface between circulation and tissue. This work shows that fibrin hydrogels support DU4475 cell growth, resulting in spheroid formation. Furthermore, increasing fibrin stiffness from 57 to 175 Pa leads to highly motile, actin and tubulin containing cellular protrusions, which are associated with specific cell morphology and gene expression patterns that markedly differ from basement membrane or suspension cultures. Thus, mechanically tunable fibrin gels reveal specific matrix-based regulation of TNBC cell phenotype and offer scaffolds for CTC-like cells with better mechano-biological properties than liquid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Heilala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Arttu Lehtonen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Ossi Arasalo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Aino Peura
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN South, Helsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Juho Pokki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33720, Finland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN South, Helsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Pauliina M Munne
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN South, Helsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao N, Qu C, Yang Y, Li H, Li Y, Zhu H, Long Z. Identification of a cholesterol metabolism-related prognostic signature for multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19395. [PMID: 37938654 PMCID: PMC10632470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematological malignancy that poses significant challenges for treatment. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism has been linked to tumorigenesis, disease progression, and therapy resistance. However, the correlation between cholesterol metabolism-related genes (CMGs) and the prognosis of MM remains unclear. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO Cox regression analysis were applied to construct an overall survival-related signature based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The signature was validated using three external datasets. Enrichment analysis and immune analysis were performed between two risk groups. Furthermore, an optimal nomogram was established for clinical application, and its performance was assessed by the calibration curve and C-index. A total of 6 CMGs were selected to establish the prognostic signature, including ANXA2, CHKA, NSDHL, PMVK, SCAP and SQLE. The prognostic signature demonstrated good prognostic performance and correlated with several important clinical parameters, including number of transplants, International Staging System, albumin, beta2-Microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The function analysis and immune analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways and immunologic status were associated with risk score. The nomogram incorporating the signature along with other clinical characteristics was constructed and the discrimination was verified by the calibration curve and C-index. Our findings indicated the potential prognostic connotation of cholesterol metabolism in MM. The development and validation of the prognostic signature is expected to aid in predicting prognosis and guiding precision treatment for MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chunxia Qu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Zhiguo Long
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuburich NA, Sabapathy T, Demestichas BR, Maddela JJ, den Hollander P, Mani SA. Proactive and reactive roles of TGF-β in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:120-139. [PMID: 37572731 PMCID: PMC10530624 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt to varying stress conditions to survive through plasticity. Stem cells exhibit a high degree of plasticity, allowing them to generate more stem cells or differentiate them into specialized cell types to contribute to tissue development, growth, and repair. Cancer cells can also exhibit plasticity and acquire properties that enhance their survival. TGF-β is an unrivaled growth factor exploited by cancer cells to gain plasticity. TGF-β-mediated signaling enables carcinoma cells to alter their epithelial and mesenchymal properties through epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). However, TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine; thus, the signaling by TGF-β can be detrimental or beneficial to cancer cells depending on the cellular context. Those cells that overcome the anti-tumor effect of TGF-β can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to gain EMP benefits. EMP allows cancer cells to alter their cell properties and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), facilitating their survival. Due to the significant roles of TGF-β and EMP in carcinoma progression, it is essential to understand how TGF-β enables EMP and how cancer cells exploit this plasticity. This understanding will guide the development of effective TGF-β-targeting therapies that eliminate cancer cell plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick A Kuburich
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Thiru Sabapathy
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Breanna R Demestichas
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joanna Joyce Maddela
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen X, Xiao C, Liu Y, Li Q, Cheng Y, Li S, Li W, Yuan J, Wang Y, Shen F. HUB genes transcriptionally regulate lipid metabolism in alveolar type II cells under LPS stimulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19437. [PMID: 37662799 PMCID: PMC10472236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Alveolar type II (ATII) cells produce pulmonary surfactant (PS) essential for maintaining lung function. The aberration or depletion of PS can cause alveolar collapse, a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the intricacies underlying these changes remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying PS perturbations in ATII cells using transcriptional RNA-seq, offering insights into the pathogenesis of ARDS. Methods ATII cells were identified using immunofluorescence targeting surface-active protein C. We used 24-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ATII cells as an ARDS cell model. The efficacy of the injury model was gauged by detecting the presence of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. RNA-seq analysis was performed to investigate the dynamics of PS deviation in unaltered and LPS-exposed ATII cells. Results Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed that LPS-stimulated ATII cells showed significantly increased transcription of genes, including Lss, Nsdhl, Hmgcs1, Mvd, Cyp51, Idi1, Acss2, Insig1, and Hsd17b7, which play key roles in regulating cholesterol biosynthesis. We further verified gene levels using real-time quantitative PCR, and the results showed that the mRNA expression of these genes increased, which was consistent with the RNA-seq results. Conclusion Our study revealed pivotal transcriptional shifts in ATII cells after LPS exposure, particularly in nine key lipid and cholesterol metabolism genes. This altered expression might disrupt the lipid balance, ultimately affecting PS function. This finding deepens our understanding of the aetiology of ARDS and may lead to new therapeutic directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yumei Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang B, Wang Q, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Zhou S, Zhang T, Zheng D, Chen Z, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Lin X, Dong R, Chen J, Qian H, Hu X, Zhuang Y, Zhang Q, Jin Z, Jiang S, Ma Y. A novel glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of multiple myeloma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1198949. [PMID: 37333985 PMCID: PMC10272536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1198949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer. Glycolysis provides the conditions on which multiple myeloma (MM) thrives. Due to MM's great heterogeneity and incurability, risk assessment and treatment choices are still difficult. Method: We constructed a glycolysis-related prognostic model by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. It was validated in two independent external cohorts, cell lines, and our clinical specimens. The model was also explored for its biological properties, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic response including immunotherapy. Finally, multiple metrics were combined to construct a nomogram to assist in personalized prediction of survival outcomes. Results: A wide range of variants and heterogeneous expression profiles of glycolysis-related genes were observed in MM. The prognostic model behaved well in differentiating between populations with various prognoses and proved to be an independent prognostic factor. This prognostic signature closely coordinated with multiple malignant features such as high-risk clinical features, immune dysfunction, stem cell-like features, cancer-related pathways, which was associated with the survival outcomes of MM. In terms of treatment, the high-risk group showed resistance to conventional drugs such as bortezomib, doxorubicin and immunotherapy. The joint scores generated by the nomogram showed higher clinical benefit than other clinical indicators. The in vitro experiments with cell lines and clinical subjects further provided convincing evidence for our study. Conclusion: We developed and validated the utility of the MM glycolysis-related prognostic model, which provides a new direction for prognosis assessment, treatment options for MM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanqiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhili Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanru Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rujiao Dong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honglan Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhouxiang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyong Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Song X, Zhou X, Chen L, Zheng J. Emodin attenuates high lipid-induced liver metastasis through the AKT and ERK pathways in vitro in breast cancer cells and in a mouse xenograft model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17052. [PMID: 37484373 PMCID: PMC10361095 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative, can inhibit lipid synthesis and breast cancer cell proliferation. We previously found that emodin decreased breast cancer liver metastasis via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition. However, the mechanism through which emodin affects breast cancer liver metastasis in high-fat diet-induced obese and hyperlipidemic mice has not been elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the potential targets and pathways of emodin. The mouse model of liver metastasis was established by injecting breast cancer cells into the left ventricle in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The effect of emodin on inhibiting liver metastasis of breast cancer was evaluated by animal experiments. The mechanisms through which emodin inhibits liver metastasis of breast cancer were studied by cell and molecular biological methods. Emodin reduced lipid synthesis by inhibiting the expression of triglyceride (TG) synthesis-related genes, such as fatty acid synthase (Fasn), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (Gpat1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd1), and ultimately reduced liver metastasis in breast cancer. In addition, emodin inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion through the serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling and extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways by interacting with CSNK2A1, ESR1, ESR2, PIM1 and PTP4A3. Our results indicate that emodin may have therapeutic potential in the prevention or treatment of breast cancer liver metastasis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Regorafenib enhances anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor by regulating IFN-γ/NSDHL/SREBP1/TGF-β1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114254. [PMID: 36669362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) shows low response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the mechanisms underlying ICI resistance remains unclear. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been widely determined as a prototypical antitumor cytokine. However, growing studies suggest that IFN-γ also mediates immunosuppression to promote tumor progression. Herein, we explored whether ICI-induced IFN-γ could activate immunosuppressive TGF-β1 to mediate ICI resistance. We demonstrated that cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme, NSDHL, was decreased in HCC tissues and associated with poor clinical prognosis. ICI-induced IFN-γ decreased NSDHL to activate SREBP1, which promoted TGF-β1 production, reduced T cell toxicity and enhanced Tregs infiltration, leading to ICI resistance. We also found that novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, regorafenib, significantly reverse the above immunosuppressive effects by regulating NSDHL/SREBP1/TGF-β1 axis, which strengthened the effects of regorafenib plus ICI therapy against HCC. Noteworthily, regorafenib plus ICI therapy was more effective in HCC patients with higher serum TGF-β1. In conclusion, IFN-γ induced TGF-β1 to mediate ICI resistance. Regorafenib promotes anti-tumor immune response of ICI by regulating IFN-γ/NSDHL/SREBP1/TGF-β1 axis. Serum TGF-β1 may serve as a biomarker for predicting efficacy of regorafenib plus ICI therapy in HCC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun XB, Liu WW, Wang B, Yang ZP, Tang HZ, Lu S, Wang YY, Qu JX, Rao BQ. Correlations between serum lipid and Ki-67 levels in different breast cancer molecular subcategories. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:53. [PMID: 36644143 PMCID: PMC9827470 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among all cancer types worldwide, seriously threatening women's health. The present retrospective study explored differences in serum lipid contents in different breast cancer (BC) subcategories and their correlation with Ki-67 expression levels in patients with invasive BC with the aim of identifying novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators for personalized BC treatment. The study included 170 patients diagnosed with BC who were diagnosed with invasive BC by postoperative pathological examination. Data on patient age, body mass index and menopausal status were collected, in addition to estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and antigen Ki-67 expression levels and pathological tumor type. Preoperative circulating lipid levels, specifically the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and apolipoproteins A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) were also obtained. Molecular subcategories of BC were grouped based on their immunohistochemistry. Differences in serum lipid levels between the groups were assessed, and correlations between serum lipid and Ki-67 expression levels were explored. While TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and ApoA1 levels differed significantly among molecular subcategories. TG and ApoB levels did not. Circulating TC and LDL-C levels were considerably higher in patients with triple-negative BC (TNBC) and HER2-positive [hormone receptor (HR)-negative] BC than in those with luminal A and B (HER2-negative) BC. Serum HDL-C levels were significantly diminished in the TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) groups compared with the luminal A and B (HER2-negative) groups. ApoA1 levels were significantly reduced in cases of TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) BC compared with luminal A and B BC. Ki-67 expression levels were positively correlated with circulating TC and LDL-C levels and inversely correlated with circulating HDL-C and ApoA1 levels but exhibited no correlation with serum ApoB and TG levels. The results indicate that elevated TC and LDL-C levels and diminished HDL-C and ApoA1 levels were high-risk factors in patients with TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) BC, but not patients with luminal subcategories of BC. Abnormal serum lipid levels were correlated with Ki-67 expression levels, with elevated circulating TC and LDL-C levels and reduced circulating HDL-C and ApoA1 levels indicating a poor prognosis in patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Bo Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, He'ze, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Peng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Zhen Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xiu Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Ben-Qiang Rao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Ben-Qiang Rao, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, 115 Yangfangdian, Haidian, Beijing 100038, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farheen J, Hosmane NS, Zhao R, Zhao Q, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Nanomaterial-assisted CRISPR gene-engineering - A hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer therapeutics advancement. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100450. [PMID: 36267139 PMCID: PMC9576993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most violent class of tumor and accounts for 20–24% of total breast carcinoma, in which frequently rare mutation occurs in high frequency. The poor prognosis, recurrence, and metastasis in the brain, heart, liver and lungs decline the lifespan of patients by about 21 months, emphasizing the need for advanced treatment. Recently, the adaptive immunity mechanism of archaea and bacteria, called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) combined with nanotechnology, has been utilized as a potent gene manipulating tool with an extensive clinical application in cancer genomics due to its easeful usage and cost-effectiveness. However, CRISPR/Cas are arguably the efficient technology that can be made efficient via organic material-assisted approaches. Despite the efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas@nano complex, problems regarding successful delivery, biodegradability, and toxicity remain to render its medical implications. Therefore, this review is different in focus from past reviews by (i) detailing all possible genetic mechanisms of TNBC occurrence; (ii) available treatments and gene therapies for TNBC; (iii) overview of the delivery system and utilization of CRISPR-nano complex in TNBC, and (iv) recent advances and related toxicity of CRISPR-nano complex towards clinical trials for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabeen Farheen
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy & Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - M. Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Corresponding author. Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China,Corresponding author. Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi X, Yang J, Deng S, Xu H, Wu D, Zeng Q, Wang S, Hu T, Wu F, Zhou H. TGF-β signaling in the tumor metabolic microenvironment and targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:135. [PMID: 36115986 PMCID: PMC9482317 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer progression, and it acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages but a tumor promoter in the late stages of cancer. Once cancer cells are generated, TGF-β signaling is responsible for the orchestration of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and supports cancer growth, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. These progressive behaviors are driven by an “engine” of the metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Recent studies have revealed that TGF-β signaling regulates cancer metabolic reprogramming and is a metabolic driver in the tumor metabolic microenvironment (TMME). Intriguingly, TGF-β ligands act as an “endocrine” cytokine and influence host metabolism. Therefore, having insight into the role of TGF-β signaling in the TMME is instrumental for acknowledging its wide range of effects and designing new cancer treatment strategies. Herein, we try to illustrate the concise definition of TMME based on the published literature. Then, we review the metabolic reprogramming in the TMME and elaborate on the contribution of TGF-β to metabolic rewiring at the cellular (intracellular), tissular (intercellular), and organismal (cancer-host) levels. Furthermore, we propose three potential applications of targeting TGF-β-dependent mechanism reprogramming, paving the way for TGF-β-related antitumor therapy from the perspective of metabolism.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu H, Chen YG. The Interplay Between TGF-β Signaling and Cell Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:846723. [PMID: 35359452 PMCID: PMC8961331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.846723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a critical role in the development and tissue homeostasis in metazoans, and deregulation of TGF-β signaling leads to many pathological conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that TGF-β signaling can actively alter metabolism in diverse cell types. Furthermore, metabolic pathways, beyond simply regarded as biochemical reactions, are closely intertwined with signal transduction. Here, we discuss the role of TGF-β in glucose, lipid, amino acid, redox and polyamine metabolism with an emphasis on how TGF-β can act as a metabolic modulator and how metabolic changes can influence TGF-β signaling. We also describe how interplay between TGF-β signaling and cell metabolism regulates cellular homeostasis as well as the progression of multiple diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu M, Zeng Q, Fan T, Lei Y, Wang F, Zheng S, Wang X, Zeng H, Tan F, Sun N, Xue Q, He J. Clinical Significance and Immunometabolism Landscapes of a Novel Recurrence-Associated Lipid Metabolism Signature In Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:783495. [PMID: 35222371 PMCID: PMC8867215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.783495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) rate has increased with heightened public awareness and lung cancer screening implementation. Lipid metabolism abnormalities are associated with lung cancer initiation and progression. However, the comprehensive features and clinical significance of the immunometabolism landscape and lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) in cancer recurrence for early-stage LUAD remain obscure. Methods LMRGs were extracted from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used as training cohort, and samples from four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were used as validation cohorts. The LUAD recurrence-associated LMRG molecular pattern and signature was constructed through unsupervised consensus clustering, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. Kaplan-Meier, ROC, and multivariate Cox regression analyses and prognostic meta-analysis were used to test the suitability and stability of the signature. We used Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG pathway, immune cell infiltration, chemotherapy response analyses, gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and GSEA to explore molecular mechanisms and immune landscapes related to the signature and the potential of the signature to predict immunotherapy or chemotherapy response. Results First, two LMRG molecular patterns were established, which showed diverse prognoses and immune infiltration statuses. Then, a 12-gene signature was identified, and a risk model was built. The signature remained an independent prognostic parameter in multivariate Cox regression and prognostic meta-analysis. In addition, this signature stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different recurrence rates and was well validated in different clinical subgroups and several independent validation cohorts. The results of GO and KEGG analyses and GSEA showed that there were differences in multiple lipid metabolism, immune response, and drug metabolism pathways between the high- and low-risk groups. Further analyses revealed that the signature-based risk model was related to distinct immune cell proportions, immune checkpoint parameters, and immunotherapy and chemotherapy response, consistent with the GO, KEGG, and GSEA results. Conclusions This is the first lipid metabolism-based signature for predicting recurrence, and it could provide vital guidance to achieve optimized antitumor for immunotherapy or chemotherapy for early-stage LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingpeng Zeng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie He,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
DGKZ promotes TGFβ signaling pathway and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by suppressing lipid raft-dependent endocytosis of TGFβR2. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:105. [PMID: 35115500 PMCID: PMC8814002 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKZ) is a diacylglycerol kinase that metabolizes diacylglycerol to yield phosphatidic acid, and its function in breast cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, via screening of a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library containing lipid metabolic genes, DGKZ was identified as a potential prometastatic gene. We first confirmed that high DGKZ expression correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients. Next, knockout of DGKZ in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines were found to significantly inhibit metastatic behaviors in vitro and in vivo, whereas its overexpression increased the metastatic potential of cell lines. Mechanistic studies based on RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis indicated that DGKZ might regulate cell metastasis by promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of DGKZ activated the TGFβ/TGFβR2/Smad3 signaling pathway by inhibiting the degradation of TGFβR2 through suppression of caveolin/lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. Moreover, the caveolin/lipid raft-dependent endocytosis of TGFβR2 was regulated by the metabolite phosphatidic acid, which might alter TGFβR2 partitioning in lipid rafts and nonlipid rafts by affecting the fluidity of the plasma membrane. These findings suggested that DGKZ is a novel promoter of metastasis and that it could be a potential prognostic indicator in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
|
15
|
A chemokine regulatory loop induces cholesterol synthesis in lung-colonizing triple-negative breast cancer cells to fuel metastatic growth. Mol Ther 2022; 30:672-687. [PMID: 34274535 PMCID: PMC8821896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high propensity for organ-specific metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that the primary TNBC tumor-derived C-X-C motif chemokines 1/2/8 (CXCL1/2/8) stimulate lung-resident fibroblasts to produce the C-C motif chemokines 2/7 (CCL2/7), which, in turn, activate cholesterol synthesis in lung-colonizing TNBC cells and induce angiogenesis at lung metastatic sites. Inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in lung-colonizing breast tumor cells by pulmonary administration of simvastatin-carrying HER3-targeting nanoparticles reduces angiogenesis and growth of lung metastases in a syngeneic TNBC mouse model. Our findings reveal a novel, chemokine-regulated mechanism for the cholesterol synthesis pathway and a critical role of metastatic site-specific cholesterol synthesis in the pulmonary tropism of TNBC metastasis. The study has implications for the unresolved epidemiological observation that use of cholesterol-lowering drugs has no effect on breast cancer incidence but can unexpectedly reduce breast cancer mortality, suggesting interventions of cholesterol synthesis in lung metastases as an effective treatment to improve survival in individuals with TNBC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Peng Y, Shi H, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zheng R, Jiang D, Jiang M, Zhu C, Li G. RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals Divergent Adaptive Response to Hypo- and Hyper-Salinity in Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili) Juveniles. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030327. [PMID: 35158652 PMCID: PMC8833429 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gill tanscriptomes of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) reared under different salinity stress were analyzed. The regulatory networks of salinity-related pathways were explored through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment and bioinformatics analyses. This will be of great value in understanding the molecular basis of salinity adaptation in greater amberjack. Abstract Salinity significantly affects physiological and metabolic activities, breeding, development, survival, and growth of marine fish. The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a fast-growing species that has immensely contributed to global aquaculture diversification. However, the tolerance, adaptation, and molecular responses of greater amberjack to salinity are unclear. This study reared greater amberjack juveniles under different salinity stresses (40, 30, 20, and 10 ppt) for 30 days to assess their tolerance, adaptation, and molecular responses to salinity. RNA sequencing analysis of gill tissue was used to identify genes and biological processes involved in greater amberjack response to salinity stress at 40, 30, and 20 ppt. Eighteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (nine upregulated and nine downregulated) were identified in the 40 vs. 30 ppt group. Moreover, 417 DEGs (205 up-regulated and 212 down-regulated) were identified in the 20 vs. 30 ppt group. qPCR and transcriptomic analysis indicated that salinity stress affected the expression of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis (ebp, sqle, lss, dhcr7, dhcr24, and cyp51a1), lipid metabolism (msmo1, nsdhl, ogdh, and edar), ion transporters (slc25a48, slc37a4, slc44a4, and apq4), and immune response (wnt4 and tlr5). Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in steroid biosynthesis, lipids metabolism, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, tryptophan metabolism, and insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of marine fish adaptation to salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Peng
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
| | - Renchi Zheng
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
| | - Mouyan Jiang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.P.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (R.Z.); (D.J.); (M.J.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu M, Yang J, Xu B, Zhang X. Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:587-617. [PMID: 34977870 PMCID: PMC8706758 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Bushu Xu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zou H, Yang N, Zhang X, Chen HW. RORγ is a context-specific master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis and an emerging therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114725. [PMID: 34384758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the form of elevated cholesterol biosynthesis and dysregulated efflux and metabolism is well recognized as a major feature of metabolic reprogramming in solid tumors. Recent studies have emphasized on major drivers and regulators such as Myc, mutant p53, SREBP2, LXRs and oncogenic signaling pathways that play crucial roles in tumor cholesterol metabolic reprogramming. Therapeutics such as statins targeting the mevalonate pathway were tried at the clinic without showing consistent benefits to cancer patients. Nuclear receptors are prominent regulators of mammalian metabolism. Their de-regulation often drives tumorigenesis. RORγ and its immune cell-specific isoform RORγt play important functions in control of mammalian metabolism, circadian rhythm and immune responses. Although RORγ, together with its closely related members RORα and RORβ were identified initially as orphan receptors, recent studies strongly support the conclusion that specific intermediates and metabolites of cholesterol pathways serve as endogenous ligands of RORγ. More recent studies also reveal a critical role of RORγ in tumorigenesis through major oncogenic pathways including acting a new master-like regulator of tumor cholesterol biosynthesis program. Importantly, an increasing number of RORγ orthosteric and allosteric ligands are being identified that display potent activities in blocking tumor growth and autoimmune disorders in preclinical models. This review summarizes the recent preclinical and clinical progress on RORγ with emphasis on its role in reprogramming tumor cholesterol metabolism and its regulation. It will also discuss RORγ functional mechanisms, context-specificity and its value as a therapeutic target for effective cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nianxin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|