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Zeng Y, Zheng Z, Liu F, Yi G. Circular RNAs in metabolism and metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13220. [PMID: 33580638 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious health condition triggered by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and abnormal adipose deposition. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proposed as key molecular players in metabolic homeostasis due to their regulatory effects on genes linked to the modulation of multiple aspects of metabolism, including glucose and lipid homeostasis. Dysregulation of circRNAs can lead to metabolic disorders, indicating that circRNAs represent plausible potential targets to alleviate metabolic abnormalities. More recently, a series of circulating circRNAs have been identified to act as both essential regulatory molecules and biomarkers for the progression of metabolism-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM or T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The findings of this study highlight the function of circRNAs in signaling pathways implicated in metabolic diseases and their potential as future therapeutics and disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fengtao Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Mason M, Metcalfe C, Holding P, Wade J, Noble S, Garfield K, Young G, Davis M, Peters TJ, Turner EL, Martin RM, Oxley J, Robinson M, Staffurth J, Walsh E, Blazeby J, Bryant R, Bollina P, Catto J, Doble A, Doherty A, Gillatt D, Gnanapragasam V, Hughes O, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Paez E, Powell P, Prescott S, Rosario D, Rowe E, Neal D. Active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy in PSA-detected clinically localised prostate cancer: the ProtecT three-arm RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-176. [PMID: 32773013 PMCID: PMC7443739 DOI: 10.3310/hta24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the UK. Prostate-specific antigen testing followed by biopsy leads to overdetection, overtreatment as well as undertreatment of the disease. Evidence of treatment effectiveness has lacked because of the paucity of randomised controlled trials comparing conventional treatments. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of conventional treatments for localised prostate cancer (active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy) in men aged 50-69 years. DESIGN A prospective, multicentre prostate-specific antigen testing programme followed by a randomised trial of treatment, with a comprehensive cohort follow-up. SETTING Prostate-specific antigen testing in primary care and treatment in nine urology departments in the UK. PARTICIPANTS Between 2001 and 2009, 228,966 men aged 50-69 years received an invitation to attend an appointment for information about the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) study and a prostate-specific antigen test; 82,429 men were tested, 2664 were diagnosed with localised prostate cancer, 1643 agreed to randomisation to active monitoring (n = 545), radical prostatectomy (n = 553) or radical radiotherapy (n = 545) and 997 chose a treatment. INTERVENTIONS The interventions were active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy. TRIAL PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Definite or probable disease-specific mortality at the 10-year median follow-up in randomised participants. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Overall mortality, metastases, disease progression, treatment complications, resource utilisation and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for 17 prostate cancer-specific (p = 0.48) and 169 all-cause (p = 0.87) deaths. Eight men died of prostate cancer in the active monitoring group (1.5 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 3.0); five died of prostate cancer in the radical prostatectomy group (0.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.2 per 1000 person years) and four died of prostate cancer in the radical radiotherapy group (0.7 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.0 per 1000 person years). More men developed metastases in the active monitoring group than in the radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy groups: active monitoring, n = 33 (6.3 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 4.5 to 8.8); radical prostatectomy, n = 13 (2.4 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.2 per 1000 person years); and radical radiotherapy, n = 16 (3.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 1.9 to 4.9 per 1000 person-years; p = 0.004). There were higher rates of disease progression in the active monitoring group than in the radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy groups: active monitoring (n = 112; 22.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 19.0 to 27.5 per 1000 person years); radical prostatectomy (n = 46; 8.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 6.7 to 11.9 per 1000 person-years); and radical radiotherapy (n = 46; 9.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 6.7 to 12.0 per 1000 person years; p < 0.001). Radical prostatectomy had the greatest impact on sexual function/urinary continence and remained worse than radical radiotherapy and active monitoring. Radical radiotherapy's impact on sexual function was greatest at 6 months, but recovered somewhat in the majority of participants. Sexual and urinary function gradually declined in the active monitoring group. Bowel function was worse with radical radiotherapy at 6 months, but it recovered with the exception of bloody stools. Urinary voiding and nocturia worsened in the radical radiotherapy group at 6 months but recovered. Condition-specific quality-of-life effects mirrored functional changes. No differences in anxiety/depression or generic or cancer-related quality of life were found. At the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year, the probabilities that each arm was the most cost-effective option were 58% (radical radiotherapy), 32% (active monitoring) and 10% (radical prostatectomy). LIMITATIONS A single prostate-specific antigen test and transrectal ultrasound biopsies were used. There were very few non-white men in the trial. The majority of men had low- and intermediate-risk disease. Longer follow-up is needed. CONCLUSIONS At a median follow-up point of 10 years, prostate cancer-specific mortality was low, irrespective of the assigned treatment. Radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy reduced disease progression and metastases, but with side effects. Further work is needed to follow up participants at a median of 15 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN20141297. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 37. See the National Institute for Health Research Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - J Athene Lane
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Malcolm Mason
- School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Holding
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Wade
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sian Noble
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Grace Young
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Davis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim J Peters
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Turner
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jon Oxley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Mary Robinson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Staffurth
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eleanor Walsh
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jane Blazeby
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prasad Bollina
- Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Doble
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan Doherty
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Gillatt
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Owen Hughes
- Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roger Kockelbergh
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Howard Kynaston
- Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan Paul
- Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Edgar Paez
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip Powell
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Prescott
- Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Derek Rosario
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edward Rowe
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - David Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Chen Q, Liu M, Luo Y, Yu H, Zhang J, Li D, He Q. Maternal obesity alters circRNA expression and the potential role of mmu_circRNA_0000660 via sponging miR_693 in offspring liver at weaning age. Gene 2020; 731:144354. [PMID: 31935513 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Maternal obesity predispose offspring to metabolic disorders and obesity, but the mechanisms are not fully understood, especially during early life. Circular RNA (circRNA) can regulate the expression of target genes through the regulatory pathways of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). We hypothesized that the offspring of obese dams exhibit impaired metabolic health through the dysregulated expression of hepatic circRNA. METHODS AND RESULTS A high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow diet (CD) were randomized to dams for 12 weeks before mating. Specific diets continued for each dam throughout pregnancy and lactation. Then, lipid metabolic parameters were assessed in dams and female offspring. We performed liver RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for the offspring of HFD- and CD-dams to comprehensively identify differentially expressed (DE) circRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA). Further, ceRNA networks combining DE circRNA, mRNA, and microRNA were predicted based on MiRanda and TargetScan databases combined with the lipid metabolism-related pathway. As a result, the circRNA_0000660-miR_693-Igfbp1 regulatory pathway was selected from liver and AML12 cell line. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, dual luciferase reporter gene system, and Small interfering RNA for circRNA_0000660 transfection experiment were applied to validate. CONCLUSIONS Our work investigated new mechanisms of the effect of maternal obesity on offspring's lipid metabolism. Several novel targets were uncovered to reverse the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejia Li
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Carter S, Lemieux I, Li Z, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Poirier P, Després JP, Picard F. Changes in IGFBP-2 levels following a one-year lifestyle modification program are independently related to improvements in plasma apo B and LDL apo B levels. Atherosclerosis 2018; 281:89-97. [PMID: 30658196 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent transversal studies have associated insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2 levels with glucose tolerance and parameters of the lipoprotein-lipid profile. Here, we aimed at determining the longitudinal effects of a one-year lifestyle modification program on IGFBP-2 levels and to identify specific metabolic improvements impacted by the changes in IGFBP-2. METHODS 99 middle-aged Caucasian men were involved in a lifestyle modification program consisting in personalized healthy eating and physical activity counseling, combined to elicit a daily 500 kcal deficit. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters as well as circulating IGFBP-2 levels were measured before and after one year of the lifestyle modification program. RESULTS The intervention triggered positive changes in many metabolic parameters and a 43% (p < 0.0001) increase of IGFBP-2 levels. Subjects with the most substantial increases in IGFBP-2 also experienced the most important metabolic improvements. Changes in IGFBP-2 levels (both absolute and relative) were correlated with markers of body fat distribution and lipoprotein-lipid profile, and independently associated with changes in LDL apolipoprotein (apo) B but not VLDL apo B concentrations. Further analyses showed that for similar changes in BMI, waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue volume, large changes in IGFBP-2 levels were required to observe improvements in LDL apo B levels. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year lifestyle modification program was associated with increased IGFBP-2 concentrations. Increases in IGFBP-2 levels were closely associated with reduced LDL apo B concentrations and independently of the modifications in fat mass and insulin sensitivity. Further mechanistic studies are required to assess the effects of IGFBP-2 levels on LDL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carter
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lemieux
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zhuo Li
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Kværner AS, Hang D, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC, Chan AT, Song M. Trajectories of body fatness from age 5 to 60 y and plasma biomarker concentrations of the insulin-insulin-like growth factor system. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:388-397. [PMID: 30101328 PMCID: PMC6669326 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major pathway through which obesity increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and cancer is by inducing hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, including hyperinsulinemia and altered insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. However, little is known about the influence of lifetime adiposity on the relevant biomarkers. Objective The aim of this study was to examine associations of trajectories of body fatness with plasma biomarker concentrations of the insulin-IGF system in 2 large prospective cohorts of US men and women. Design Associations between trajectories of body fatness and concentrations of plasma C-peptide, IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 1, IGFBP-3, and the IGF-I-to-IGFBP-3 molar ratio was examined in 9386 women of the Nurses' Health Study and 3941 men of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to create trajectory groups on the basis of self-reported somatotype data at ages 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 y and body mass index (BMI) at ages 45, 50, 55, and 60 y. We used multivariate linear regression models to examine the associations of trajectories with biomarker concentrations. Results Five trajectories of body fatness were identified: "lean-stable," "lean-moderate increase," "lean-marked increase," "medium-stable/increase," and "medium-marked increase." Compared with the lean-stable group, the lean-marked increase and medium-marked increase groups had significantly higher concentrations of C-peptide (percentage difference-women: 44% and 73%; men: 27% and 51%) and lower concentrations of IGFBP-1 (women: -61% and -78%; men: -47% and -65%). Adjustment for current BMI attenuated the association to null for the medium-marked increase group, but the lean-marked increase group still had modestly higher concentrations of C-peptide (women: 10%; men: 6%) and lower concentrations of IGFBP-1 (women: -18%; men: -21%) than the lean-stable group. Conclusions Adiposity across the life span was associated with higher C-peptide and lower IGFBP-1 concentrations in adulthood. The associations were largely driven by attained adiposity and, to a lesser extent, weight gain in early-middle adulthood. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03419455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane S Kværner
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Disease-Related Malnutrition, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Dong Hang
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to MS (e-mail: )
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Scully T, Scott CD, Firth SM, Sedger LM, Pintar JE, Twigg SM, Baxter RC. Enhancement of mammary tumour growth by IGFBP-3 involves impaired T cell accumulation. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:111-122. [PMID: 29217518 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show an association between obesity and poor breast cancer prognosis. We previously demonstrated that global IGFBP-3 deficiency, in IGFBP-3-null mice, resulted in a 50% reduction in mammary tumour growth over 3 weeks relative to tumours in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. This growth reduction was ameliorated by high fat feeding-induced obesity. This study aimed to examine how IGFBP-3 promotes tumour growth by influencing the immune tumour microenvironment in healthy and obese mice. Syngeneic EO771 cells, which lack detectable IGFBP-3 expression, were grown as orthotopic tumours in WT and IGFBP-3-null C57BL/6 mice placed on either a control chow or a high-fat diet (HFD), and examined by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. In WT mice, increased stromal expression of IGFBP-3 was positively associated with tumour growth, supporting the hypothesis that IGFBP-3 in the microenvironment promotes tumour progression. Examining markers of immune cell subsets, gene expression of Ifng, Cd8a, Cd8b1 and Tnf and CD8 measured by immunohistochemistry were elevated in tumours of IGFBP-3-null mice compared to WT, indicating an accumulation of CD8+ T cells, but this increase was absent if the IGFBP-3-null mice had been exposed to HFD. Expression of these genes was negatively associated with tumour growth. Although similar among groups overall, Nkg2d and Tnfsf10 tumoural expression was associated with decreased tumour growth. Overall, the results of this study provide an immune-based mechanism by which host IGFBP-3 may promote breast tumour growth in the EO771 murine breast cancer model, and suggest that targeting IGFBP-3 might make a novel contribution to immune therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Scully
- Hormones and Cancer LaboratoriesKolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn D Scott
- Hormones and Cancer LaboratoriesKolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sue M Firth
- Hormones and Cancer LaboratoriesKolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa M Sedger
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Pintar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell BiologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Charles Perkins CentreSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert C Baxter
- Hormones and Cancer LaboratoriesKolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Er V, Biernacka K, Simpkin AJ, Martin RM, Jeffreys M, Emmett P, Gilbert R, Avery KNL, Walsh E, Davis M, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Holly JMP, Lane JA. Post-diagnosis serum insulin-like growth factors in relation to dietary and lifestyle changes in the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:877-888. [PMID: 28646365 PMCID: PMC5501895 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is modifiable by diet and lifestyle, and has been linked to prostate cancer development and progression. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 621 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer to investigate the associations of dietary and lifestyle changes with post-diagnosis circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. We used analysis of covariance to estimate the associations, controlling for baseline IGF-I or IGFBP-3, respectively. RESULTS Mean IGF-I levels were 6.5% (95% CI -12.8, -0.3%, p = 0.04) lower in men who decreased their protein intake after diagnosis compared to men who did not change. Men who changed their fruit and vegetable intake had lower IGF-I levels compared to non-changers [Decreased intake: -10.1%, 95% CI -18.4, -1.8%, p = 0.02; Increased intake: -12.0%, 95% CI -18.4, -1.8%, p = 0.002]. IGFBP-3 was 14.6% (95% CI -24.5, -4.8%, p = 0.004) lower in men who achieved a healthy body mass index after diagnosis. Men who became inactive had 9.5% higher average IGF-I levels (95% CI 0.1, 18.9%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Decreased protein intake and body mass index, and increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake, following a prostate cancer diagnosis were associated with reduced post-diagnosis serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Counterintuitively, reduced fruit and vegetable intake was also associated with reduced IGF-I, but with weak statistical support, possibly implicating chance. If confirmed in other studies, our findings may inform potential lifestyle interventions in prostate cancer. ProtecT was registered at International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Registry, http://isrctn.org as ISRCTN20141297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Er
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK.
| | - Kalina Biernacka
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Andrew J Simpkin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Mona Jeffreys
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Pauline Emmett
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Rebecca Gilbert
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Kerry N L Avery
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Eleanor Walsh
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Michael Davis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jeff M P Holly
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
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8
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Bonilla C, Lewis SJ, Rowlands MA, Gaunt TR, Davey Smith G, Gunnell D, Palmer T, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Neal DE, Eeles R, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Muir K, Giles GG, Wiklund F, Grönberg H, Haiman CA, Schleutker J, Nordestgaard BG, Travis RC, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Blot WJ, Thibodeau S, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Park J, Kaneva R, Batra J, Teixeira MR, Pandha H, Lathrop M, Martin RM, Holly JMP. Assessing the role of insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization: Genetic variants as instruments for circulating levels. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1520-33. [PMID: 27225428 PMCID: PMC4957617 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are associated with prostate cancer. Using genetic variants as instruments for IGF peptides, we investigated whether these associations are likely to be causal. We identified from the literature 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF axis previously associated with biomarker levels (8 from a genome-wide association study [GWAS] and 48 in reported candidate genes). In ∼700 men without prostate cancer and two replication cohorts (N ∼ 900 and ∼9,000), we examined the properties of these SNPS as instrumental variables (IVs) for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. Those confirmed as strong IVs were tested for association with prostate cancer risk, low (< 7) vs. high (≥ 7) Gleason grade, localised vs. advanced stage, and mortality, in 22,936 controls and 22,992 cases. IV analysis was used in an attempt to estimate the causal effect of circulating IGF peptides on prostate cancer. Published SNPs in the IGFBP1/IGFBP3 gene region, particularly rs11977526, were strong instruments for IGF-II and IGFBP-3, less so for IGF-I. Rs11977526 was associated with high (vs. low) Gleason grade (OR per IGF-II/IGFBP-3 level-raising allele 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). Using rs11977526 as an IV we estimated the causal effect of a one SD increase in IGF-II (∼265 ng/mL) on risk of high vs. low grade disease as 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Because of the potential for pleiotropy of the genetic instruments, these findings can only causally implicate the IGF pathway in general, not any one specific biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bonilla
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mari-Anne Rowlands
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Palmer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Doug Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Muir
- University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Graham G Giles
- The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, DK, 2730, Denmark
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Forvie Site, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd, Suite 550, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street-ASB II-3, Boston, Massachussets
- Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, Florida
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hardev Pandha
- The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Commissariat à L'Energie Atomique, Center National De Génotypage, Evry, France
- McGill University-Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff M P Holly
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, United Kingdom
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences North Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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9
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Travis RC, Appleby PN, Martin RM, Holly JM, Albanes D, Black A, Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Chan JM, Chen C, Chirlaque MD, Cook MB, Deschasaux M, Donovan JL, Ferrucci L, Galan P, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Gunter MJ, Habel LA, Hamdy FC, Helzlsouer KJ, Hercberg S, Hoover RN, Janssen JA, Kaaks R, Kubo T, Le Marchand L, Metter EJ, Mikami K, Morris JK, Neal DE, Neuhouser ML, Ozasa K, Palli D, Platz EA, Pollak M, Price AJ, Roobol MJ, Schaefer C, Schenk JM, Severi G, Stampfer MJ, Stattin P, Tamakoshi A, Tangen CM, Touvier M, Wald NJ, Weiss NS, Ziegler RG, Key TJ, Allen NE. A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data Reveals an Association between Circulating Levels of IGF-I and Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2288-2300. [PMID: 26921328 PMCID: PMC4873385 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in prostate cancer development is not fully understood. To investigate the association between circulating concentrations of IGFs (IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3) and prostate cancer risk, we pooled individual participant data from 17 prospective and two cross-sectional studies, including up to 10,554 prostate cancer cases and 13,618 control participants. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs for prostate cancer based on the study-specific fifth of each analyte. Overall, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 concentrations were positively associated with prostate cancer risk (Ptrend all ≤ 0.005), and IGFBP-1 was inversely associated weakly with risk (Ptrend = 0.05). However, heterogeneity between the prospective and cross-sectional studies was evident (Pheterogeneity = 0.03), unless the analyses were restricted to prospective studies (with the exception of IGF-II, Pheterogeneity = 0.02). For prospective studies, the OR for men in the highest versus the lowest fifth of each analyte was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.43) for IGF-I, 0.81 (0.68-0.96) for IGFBP-1, and 1.25 (1.12-1.40) for IGFBP-3. These associations did not differ significantly by time-to-diagnosis or tumor stage or grade. After mutual adjustment for each of the other analytes, only IGF-I remained associated with risk. Our collaborative study represents the largest pooled analysis of the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of IGF-I, providing strong evidence that IGF-I is highly likely to be involved in prostate cancer development. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2288-300. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, and National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeff M.P. Holly
- School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H.B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Dt. for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, and Dt. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dt. of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - June M. Chan
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Urology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Kathy J. Helzlsouer
- The Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Kazuya Mikami
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joan K. Morris
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | | | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alison J. Price
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Catherine Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jeannette M. Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | | | | | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Davies NM, Gaunt TR, Lewis SJ, Holly J, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Kemp JP, Eeles R, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Muir K, Giles GG, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Haiman CA, Schleutker J, Nordestgaard BG, Travis RC, Neal D, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Blot WJ, Thibodeau S, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Park J, Kaneva R, Batra J, Teixeira MR, Pandha H, Lathrop M, Smith GD, Martin RM. The effects of height and BMI on prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a Mendelian randomization study in 20,848 cases and 20,214 controls from the PRACTICAL consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1603-16. [PMID: 26387087 PMCID: PMC4596899 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest a potential role for obesity and determinants of adult stature in prostate cancer risk and mortality, but the relationships described in the literature are complex. To address uncertainty over the causal nature of previous observational findings, we investigated associations of height- and adiposity-related genetic variants with prostate cancer risk and mortality. METHODS We conducted a case-control study based on 20,848 prostate cancers and 20,214 controls of European ancestry from 22 studies in the PRACTICAL consortium. We constructed genetic risk scores that summed each man's number of height and BMI increasing alleles across multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with each phenotype from published genome-wide association studies. RESULTS The genetic risk scores explained 6.31 and 1.46% of the variability in height and BMI, respectively. There was only weak evidence that genetic variants previously associated with increased BMI were associated with a lower prostate cancer risk (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in BMI genetic score 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 1.00; p = 0.07). Genetic variants associated with increased height were not associated with prostate cancer incidence (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97, 1.01; p = 0.23), but were associated with an increase (OR 1.13; 95 % CI 1.08, 1.20) in prostate cancer mortality among low-grade disease (p heterogeneity, low vs. high grade <0.001). Genetic variants associated with increased BMI were associated with an increase (OR 1.08; 95 % CI 1.03, 1.14) in all-cause mortality among men with low-grade disease (p heterogeneity = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We found little evidence of a substantial effect of genetically elevated height or BMI on prostate cancer risk, suggesting that previously reported observational associations may reflect common environmental determinants of height or BMI and prostate cancer risk. Genetically elevated height and BMI were associated with increased mortality (prostate cancer-specific and all-cause, respectively) in men with low-grade disease, a potentially informative but novel finding that requires replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Davies
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeff Holly
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John P Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Doug Easton
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 279, Cambridge, UK
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd., Suite 550, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street-ASB II-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hardev Pandha
- The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Center National de Génotypage, Evry, France
- McGill University-Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research, Bristol, UK.
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11
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Gilbert R, Bonilla C, Metcalfe C, Lewis S, Evans DM, Fraser WD, Kemp JP, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Neal DE, Lane JA, Smith GD, Lathrop M, Martin RM. Associations of vitamin D pathway genes with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D, and prostate cancer: a nested case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:205-218. [PMID: 25488826 PMCID: PMC4298668 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are potentially useful proxies for investigating whether circulating vitamin D metabolites [total 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, 25(OH)D; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, 1,25(OH)2D] are causally related to prostate cancer. We investigated associations of sixteen SNPs across seven genes with prostate-specific antigen-detected prostate cancer. METHODS In a nested case-control study (within the ProtecT trial), we estimated odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) quantifying associations between SNPs and prostate cancer. Subgroup analyses investigated whether associations were stronger in men who had high/low sun exposure [a proxy for 25(OH)D]. We quantified associations of SNPs with stage (T1-T2/T3-T4) and grade (<7/≥7). Multiple variant scores included SNPs encoding proteins involved in 25(OH)D synthesis and metabolism. RESULTS We included 1,275 prostate cancer cases (141 locally advanced, 385 high grades) and 2,062 healthy controls. Vitamin D-binding protein SNPs were associated with prostate cancer (rs4588-A: OR 1.20, CI 1.01, 1.41, p = 0.04; rs7041-T: OR 1.19, CI 1.02, 1.38, p = 0.03). Low 25(OH)D metabolism score was associated with high (vs low) grade (OR 0.76, CI 0.63, 0.93, p = 0.01); there was a similar association of its component variants: rs6013897-A in CYP24A1 (OR 0.78, CI 0.60, 1.01, p = 0.06) and rs10877012-T in CYP27B1 (OR 0.80, CI 0.63, 1.02, p = 0.07). There was no evidence that associations differed by level of sun exposure. CONCLUSION We found some evidence that vitamin D pathway SNPs were associated with prostate cancer risk and grade, but not stage. There was no evidence of an association in men with deficient vitamin D (measured by having low sun exposure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gilbert
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Sarah Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - John P Kemp
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Center National de Génotypage, Evry, France
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, National Institute for Health Research, Bristol, UK
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12
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Carter S, Li Z, Lemieux I, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Poirier P, Deshaies Y, Després JP, Picard F. Circulating IGFBP-2 levels are incrementally linked to correlates of the metabolic syndrome and independently associated with VLDL triglycerides. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:645-51. [PMID: 25463100 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether plasma IGFBP-2 is independently associated with components of the lipoprotein-lipid profile and to suggest a cutoff value that could identify subjects with the features of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 379 Caucasian men from the general population and covering a wide range of BMI were recruited through the media. Subjects with type 2 diabetes, BMI values > 40 kg/m(2), or taking medication targeting glucose or lipid metabolism or blood pressure were excluded. Anthropometric data were collected and plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations, glucose tolerance and an extensive plasma lipid profile were determined after an overnight fast. RESULTS Subjects with low IGFBP-2 levels were characterized by increased fat mass (p < 0.0001), impaired insulin sensitivity (p < 0.0001) and higher plasma triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.0001). When divided into 6 quantiles, only subjects with the highest IGFBP-2 levels (>221.5 ng/mL) did not meet the NCEP ATP III criteria for the clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, circulating IGFBP-2 levels were significantly associated with VLDL-TG (r = -0.51, p < 0.0001) and HDL-C (r = -0.27, p < 0.0001) levels. After adjustments, plasma IGFBP-2 was found to be independently associated with VLDL-TG levels but not with HDL-C concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, IGFBP-2 levels <221.5 ng/mL are incrementally associated with a detrimental plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile. After adjustment for covariates, IGFBP-2 remained independently associated with VLDL-TG but not HDL-C levels. This study supports further investigations in other populations and validation of IGFBP-2 as a biomarker of early dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carter
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zhuo Li
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lemieux
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Lipid Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Deshaies
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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13
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Hayashi N, Matsushima M, Kido M, Naruoka T, Furuta A, Furuta N, Takahashi H, Egawa S. BMI is associated with larger index tumors and worse outcome after radical prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:233-7. [PMID: 24841331 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on tumor characteristics and biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa) in Japanese men. METHODS We evaluated data from consecutive patients who had undergone RP. Data analyzed included age, preoperative serum PSA, prostatic volume, BMI (continuous or categorized (≤ 25 kg/m(2)) values), clinical and pathological findings including index tumor volume (ITV), and current status in areas such as smoker or nonsmoker and presence or absence of diabetes. We analyzed association between BMI and BCR, especially based on ITV using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS We analyzed data from a total of 703 patients. The median follow-up time was 38.4 months. BCR was diagnosed in 154 patients (21.9%) at a median of 9.7 months postoperatively. Multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for preoperative variables showed a significant positive association between BMI and ITV (continuous BMI: P=0.002; categorical BMI: P<0.001, respectively), especially for higher-grade tumors (Gleason score ≥ 7). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed a significant association between continuous BMI and BCR after surgery (preoperative variables, hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.16, P=0.008), independent of clinical and pathological findings. In patients with high-risk cancer, the positive association between BMI and BCR was strengthened (preoperative variables, continuous BMI, HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.26, P<0.001; categorical BMI, HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.29-3.45, P=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Greater BMI significantly correlates with higher rates of BCR after surgery; BMI is a preoperative variable associated with high-grade ITV. Our results suggest that the biological environment created by greater BMI may contribute to increasing tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Matsushima
- Division of Clinical Research and Development, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kido
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Naruoka
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Furuta
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Furuta
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Runchey SS, Boyko EJ, Ioannou GN, Utzschneider KM. Relationship between serum circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and liver fat in the United States. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:589-96. [PMID: 24716226 PMCID: PMC3982202 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and IGF-1/IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations are associated with adiposity and insulin resistance. We aimed to determine whether serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 are associated with presence or severity of NAFLD independent of potential confounding. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, a representative sample of the United States adult population. Among participants who had a fasting blood draw and ultrasound examination, we excluded those with missing data, viral hepatitis, iron overload, excessive alcohol intake, pregnancy, or taking glucose-lowering therapy, yielding 4172 adults for this analysis. RESULTS In logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, higher IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 quartiles were associated with lower likelihood of NAFLD and lower grade steatosis. These associations became non-significant when further adjusted for adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference) with the exception of the association between IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and severity of NAFLD which remained significant after adjustment for homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (odds ratio [95% CI]: Q3: 0.71 [0.53–0.96], Q4: 0.62 [0.43–0.89]) and adiposity (Q4: 0.67 [0.47–0.96]). Full adjustment (age, gender, race/ethnicity, adiposity, HOMA-IR, A1C%) further attenuated associations between IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and liver fat such that they were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS Adiposity explains much of the observed association between IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and liver fat. These findings do not support a direct role for the growth hormone-IGF-1/IGFBP-3 axis in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna S. Runchey
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition,
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Edward J. Boyko
- Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget
Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - George N. Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA
Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristina M. Utzschneider
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition,
Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
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15
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Xi G, Solum MA, Wai C, Maile LA, Rosen CJ, Clemmons DR. The heparin-binding domains of IGFBP-2 mediate its inhibitory effect on preadipocyte differentiation and fat development in male mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4146-57. [PMID: 23981772 PMCID: PMC3800754 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 overexpression confers resistance to high-fat feeding and inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes in vitro. However, whether administration of IGFBP-2 can regulate adipogenesis in vivo and the domains that mediate this response have not been defined. IGFBP-2 contains 2 heparin-binding domains (HBD), which are localized in the linker region (HBD1) and C-terminal region (HBD2) of IGFBP-2. To determine the relative importance of these domains, we used synthetic peptides as well as mutagenesis. Both HBD1 and HBD2 peptides inhibited preadipocyte differentiation, but the HBD2 peptide was more effective. Selective substitution of charged residues in the HBD1 or HBD2 regions attenuated the ability of the full-length protein to inhibit cell differentiation, but the HBD2 mutant had the greatest reduction. To determine their activities in vivo, pegylated forms of each peptide were administered to IGFBP-2(-/-) mice for 12 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging scanning showed that only the HBD2 peptide significantly reduced (48 ± 9%, P < .05) gain in total fat mass. Both inguinal (32 ± 7%, P < .01) and visceral fat (44 ± 7%, P < .01) were significantly decreased by HBD2 whereas HBD1 reduced only visceral fat accumulation (24 ± 5%, P < .05). The HBD2 peptide was more effective peptide in reducing triglyceride content and serum adiponectin, but only the HBD2 peptide increased serum leptin. These findings demonstrate that the HBD2 domain of IGFBP-2 is the primary region that accounts for its ability to inhibit adipogenesis and that a peptide encompassing this region has activity that is comparable with native IGFBP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xi
- MD, CB no. 7170, 8024 Burnett Womack, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7170.
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16
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The maternal womb: a novel target for cancer prevention in the era of the obesity pandemic? Eur J Cancer Prev 2012; 20:539-48. [PMID: 21701386 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e328348fc21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic rise in worldwide prevalence of obesity has necessitated the search for more efficacious antiobesity strategies to counter the increased cancer risks in overweight and obese individuals. The mechanistic pathways linking obesity status with adult chronic diseases such as cancer remain incompletely understood. A growing body of evidence suggests that novel approaches and interventional agents to disrupt the feed-forward cycle of maternal to offspring obesity transfer that is initiated in utero will be important for stemming both the obesity pandemic and the associated increase in cancer incidence. The convergence of multiple research areas including those encompassing the insulin and insulin-like growth factor systems, epigenetics, and stem cell biology is providing insights into the potential for cancer prevention in adult offspring previously exposed to the intrauterine environment of overweight/obese mothers. Here, we review the current state of this nascent research field, with a focus on three major cancers, namely breast, colorectal, and liver, and suggest some possible future directions to optimize its impact for the health of future generations.
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17
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Gilbert R, Martin RM, Fraser WD, Lewis S, Donovan J, Hamdy F, Neal DE, Lane JA, Metcalfe C. Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its association with risk factors for prostate cancer: evidence from the prostate testing for cancer and treatment study. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:575-88. [PMID: 22382867 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may protect against prostate and other cancers. Few epidemiology studies have measured 25(OH)D on all participants, weakening the evidence-base through reduced statistical power and the potential for bias. We developed a score to predict individual 25(OH)D based on potential predictors, including sun exposure, nutrient intake, and vitamin D pathway genes, providing a method of substituting missing values. We assessed the usefulness of predicted 25(OH)D by comparison with multiple imputation of 25(OH)D levels. METHODS Amongst 1,091 controls from a population-based case-control study (ProtecT), we quantified relationships of sun exposure, demographic, clinical, anthropologic, nutrient, and genetic data with circulating 25(OH)D and constructed several prediction scores from subsets of these measures. We investigated associations of three prostate cancer risk factors (PSA level, BMI, family history of prostate cancer) with 25(OH)D levels in sensitivity analyses based upon participants with measured 25(OH)D only and based upon the addition of all participants with missing 25(OH)D levels substituted by prediction score values or by multiple imputation. RESULTS Our score accounted for 27.7% of the variation in measured 25(OH)D. Associations with risk factors of prostate cancer were consistent across the different estimates of 25(OH)D. However, standard deviations for the prediction score did not incorporate extra error from prediction. Multiple imputation of missing 25(OH)D values predicted a more realistic range of 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION In epidemiological studies of cancer risk associated with vitamin D, multiple imputation of missing 25(OH)D is preferable to prediction scores, as a wider range of 25(OH)D levels are imputed and appropriate confidence intervals calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gilbert
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
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18
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McColl KEL. Serum IGF-1 linking visceral obesity with esophageal adenocarcinoma: unconvincing evidence. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:205-6. [PMID: 22306944 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong positive association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. This is likely to be largely or entirely explained by the established association between central obesity and gastroesophageal reflux and between the latter and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Visceral fat is also metabolically active and there is interest in the possibility that humoral factors released by this fat might promote esophageal carcinogenesis. Insulin growth factor I (IGF-1) has been studied but current data do not support circulating total IGF-1 as a humoral factor linking BMI and esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E L McColl
- Section of Medicine, Western Infi rmary, Gardiner Institute, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.
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19
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Doyle SL, Donohoe CL, Finn SP, Howard JM, Lithander FE, Reynolds JV, Pidgeon GP, Lysaght J. IGF-1 and its receptor in esophageal cancer: association with adenocarcinoma and visceral obesity. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:196-204. [PMID: 22146489 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway and visceral obesity have been independently linked with esophageal cancer. This study aimed to delineate the differential and interlinked role of visceral obesity and the IGF-1 system in esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mRNA and protein were examined in esophageal SCC (KYSE 410, OE21) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OE19, OE33) cell lines by western blotting. Tumor cell proliferation in response to IGF-1 was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. In esophageal tumor sections, expression of IGF-1R and CD68(+) cell numbers were assessed by immunohistochemistry. IGF-1 was measured in serum from esophageal cancer patients, Barrett's esophagus patients, and healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Higher IGF-1R protein expressions were observed in SCC cells compared with esophageal adenocarcinoma cells however only adenocarcinoma cell lines significantly increased proliferation in response to IGF-1 (P<0.01). Serum IGF-1 levels were highest in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients (P<0.01) and higher in viscerally obese vs. nonobese (P<0.05) patients. In resected esophageal cancer, increased expression of IGF-1R was observed in the tumor and invasive edge compared with tumor-associated stroma (P<0.05), which coincided with increased CD68(+) cells in stromal tissue surrounding invasive tumor edge (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This novel study examined the differential role of the IGF system in esophageal adenocarcinoma and SCC, and its association with visceral obesity. These results indicate that the IGF-1 axis has a key role in malignant progression of esophageal cancer, and represents a plausible mechanism through which visceral obesity impacts on esophageal adenocarcinoma risk and tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Doyle
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital and University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2012; 21:106-18. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e32834ee42b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gilbert R, Metcalfe C, Fraser WD, Donovan J, Hamdy F, Neal DE, Lane JA, Martin RM. Associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with prostate cancer diagnosis, stage and grade. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:1187-96. [PMID: 22033893 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D protects against prostate cancer, although evidence is limited and inconsistent. We investigated associations of circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with prostate specific antigen-detected prostate cancer in a case-control study nested within the prostate testing for cancer and treatment (ProtecT) trial. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) quantifying the association between circulating total 25(OH)D and prostate cancer. In case-only analyses, we used unconditional logistic regression to quantify associations of total 25(OH)D with stage (advanced vs. localized) and Gleason grade (high-grade (≥7) vs. low-grade (<7)). Predetermined categories of total 25(OH)D were defined as: high: ≥30 ng/mL; adequate: 20-<30 ng/mL; insufficient: 12-<20 ng/mL; deficient: <12 ng/mL. Fractional polynomials were used to investigate the existence of any U-shaped relationship. We included 1,447 prostate cancer cases (153 advanced, 469 high-grade) and 1,449 healthy controls. There was evidence that men deficient in vitamin D had a 2-fold increased risk of advanced versus localized cancer (OR for deficient vs. adequate total 25(OH)D=2.33, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.28) and high-grade versus low-grade cancer (OR for deficient vs. adequate total 25(OH)D=1.78, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.77). There was no evidence of a linear association between total 25(OH)D and prostate cancer (p=0.44) or of an increased risk of prostate cancer with high and low vitamin D levels. Our study provides evidence that lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with more aggressive cancers (advanced versus localized cancers and high- versus low-Gleason grade), but there was no evidence of an association with overall prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gilbert
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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22
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Rowlands MA, Holly JMP, Gunnell D, Donovan J, Lane JA, Hamdy F, Neal DE, Oliver S, Smith GD, Martin RM. Circulating insulin-like growth factors and IGF-binding proteins in PSA-detected prostate cancer: the large case-control study ProtecT. Cancer Res 2011; 72:503-15. [PMID: 22106399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been studied extensively in prostate cancer, but there is still little information about IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in cancers detected by the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Here, we report the findings of a U.K.-based case-control study to investigate circulating IGFs and IGFBPs in PSA-detected prostate cancer with regard to their potential associations with different cancer stages or grades. PSA testing was offered to 110,000 men aged 50 to 69 years from 2002 to 2009. Participants with an elevated level of PSA (≥3.0 ng/mL) underwent prostate biopsy and measurements of blood serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 obtained at recruitment. We found that serum levels of IGF-II (OR per SD increase: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08-1.24; P(trend) < 0.001), IGFBP-2 (1.18; 1.06-1.31; P(trend) < 0.01) and IGFBP-3 (1.27; 1.19-1.36; P(trend) < 0.001), but not IGF-I (0.99; 0.93-1.04; P(trend) = 0.62), were associated with PSA-detected prostate cancer. After controlling for IGFBP-3, IGF-II was no longer associated (0.99; 0.91-1.08; P(trend) = 0.62) and IGF-I was inversely associated (0.85; 0.79-0.91; P(trend) < 0.001) with prostate cancer. In addition, no strong associations existed with cancer stage or grade. Overall, these findings suggest potentially important roles for circulating IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in PSA-detected prostate cancer, in support of recent in vitro evidence. Although our findings for IGF-I agree with previous results from PSA screening trials, they contrast with positive associations in routinely detected disease, suggesting that reducing levels of circulating IGF-I might not prevent the initiation of prostate cancer but might, nonetheless, prevent its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Rowlands
- MRC Centre for Causal Analysis in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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