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Di Michele S, Parato VM, Di Giannuario G, Kholaif N, Al Admawi M, Aljheish S, Arbili L, Alshammari A, Parato AG, Al Sergani H. Unlocking insights in bicuspid aortic valve management in adult patients: the vital role of cardiac imaging. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023; 94. [PMID: 37721026 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) presents a multifaceted clinical challenge due to its diverse morphologies and associated complications. This review aims to elucidate the critical role of cardiac imaging in guiding optimal management strategies for BAV patients. BAV, with a prevalence of 1-2%, has genetic underpinnings linked to the NOTCH1 gene mutation. Variability in BAV morphology necessitates tailored surgical approaches. The three primary types of BAV morphology - right-left cusp fusion, right-noncoronary cusp fusion, and left-noncoronary cusp fusion - demand nuanced considerations due to their distinct implications. Valvular dysfunction results in aortic stenosis or regurgitation, attributed to altered valve structure and turbulent hemodynamics. Cardiac imaging modalities, including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computerized tomography, are instrumental in assessing valve function, aortic dimensions, and associated complications. Imaging helps predict potential complications, enabling informed treatment decisions. Regular follow-up is crucial to detecting alterations early and intervening promptly. Surgical management options encompass aortic valve repair or replacement, with patient-specific factors guiding the choice. Post-surgical surveillance plays a vital role in preventing complications and optimizing patient outcomes. The review underscores the significance of advanced cardiac imaging techniques in understanding BAV's complexities, facilitating personalized management strategies, and improving patient care. By harnessing the power of multimodal imaging, clinicians can tailor interventions, monitor disease progression, and ultimately enhance the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with BAV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vito Maurizio Parato
- Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, Emergency Department, San Benedetto del Tronto.
| | | | - Naji Kholaif
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Mohammed Al Admawi
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Saif Aljheish
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Lana Arbili
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh.
| | - Amal Alshammari
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | | | - Hani Al Sergani
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
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2
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Nappi F, Giacinto O, Lusini M, Garo M, Caponio C, Nenna A, Nappi P, Rousseau J, Spadaccio C, Chello M. Patients with Bicuspid Aortopathy and Aortic Dilatation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206002. [PMID: 36294323 PMCID: PMC9605389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most frequent congenital cardiac disease. Alteration of ascending aorta diameter is a consequence of shear stress alterations due to haemodynamic abnormalities developed from inadequate valve cusp coaptation. (2) Objective: This narrative review aims to discuss anatomical, pathophysiological, genetical, ultrasound, and radiological aspects of BAV disease, focusing on BAV classification related to imaging patterns and flux models involved in the onset and developing vessel dilatation. (3) Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was implemented in PubMed from January to May 2022. English language articles were selected independently by two authors and screened according to the following criteria. (4) Key Contents and Findings: Ultrasound scan is the primary step in the diagnostic flowchart identifying structural and doppler patterns of the valve. Computed tomography determines aortic vessel dimensions according to the anatomo-pathology of the valve. Magnetic resonance identifies hemodynamic alterations. New classifications and surgical indications derive from these diagnostic features. Currently, indications correlate morphological results, dissection risk factors, and genetic alterations. Surgical options vary from aortic valve and aortic vessel substitution to aortic valve repair according to the morphology of the valve. In selected patients, transcatheter aortic valve replacement has an even more impact on the treatment choice. (5) Conclusions: Different imaging approaches are an essential part of BAV diagnosis. Morphological classifications influence the surgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-4933-4104; Fax: +33-1-4933-4119
| | - Omar Giacinto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Lusini
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Garo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Caponio
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Nappi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Juliette Rousseau
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Cristiano Spadaccio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Massimo Chello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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3
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Fatehi Hassanabad A, King MA, Di Martino E, Fedak PWM, Garcia J. Clinical implications of the biomechanics of bicuspid aortic valve and bicuspid aortopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:922353. [PMID: 36035900 PMCID: PMC9411999 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.922353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), which affects up to 2% of the general population, results from the abnormal fusion of the cusps of the aortic valve. Patients with BAV are at a higher risk for developing aortic dilatation, a condition known as bicuspid aortopathy, which is associated with potentially life-threatening sequelae such as aortic dissection and aortic rupture. Although BAV biomechanics have been shown to contribute to aortopathy, their precise impact is yet to be delineated. Herein, we present the latest literature related to BAV biomechanics. We present the most recent definitions and classifications for BAV. We also summarize the current evidence pertaining to the mechanisms that drive bicuspid aortopathy. We highlight how aberrant flow patterns can contribute to the development of aortic dilatation. Finally, we discuss the role cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can have in assessing and managing patient with BAV and bicuspid aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melissa A. King
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elena Di Martino
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W. M. Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julio Garcia
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Julio Garcia
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4
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Evangelista Masip A, Galian-Gay L, Guala A, Lopez-Sainz A, Teixido-Turà G, Ruiz Muñoz A, Valente F, Gutierrez L, Fernandez-Galera R, Casas G, Panaro A, Marigliano A, Huguet M, González-Alujas T, Rodriguez-Palomares J. Unraveling Bicuspid Aortic Valve Enigmas by Multimodality Imaging: Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:456. [PMID: 35054153 PMCID: PMC8778671 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodality imaging is the basis of the diagnosis, follow-up, and surgical management of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is used in our clinical routine practice as a first line imaging for BAV diagnosis, valvular phenotyping and function, measurement of thoracic aorta, exclusion of other aortic malformations, and for the assessment of complications such are infective endocarditis and aortic. Nevertheless, TTE is less useful if we want to assess accurately other aortic segments such as mid-distal ascending aorta, where computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (CMR) could improve the precision of aorta size measurement by multiplanar reconstructions. A major advantage of CT is its superior spatial resolution, which affords a better definition of valve morphology and calcification, accuracy, and reproducibility of ascending aorta size, and allows for coronary artery assessment. Moreover, CMR offers the opportunity of being able to evaluate aortic functional properties and blood flow patterns. In this setting, new developed sequences such as 4D-flow may provide new parameters to predict events during follow up. The integration of all multimodality information facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of morphologic and dynamic features, stratification of the risk, and therapy guidance of this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Evangelista Masip
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Teknon Heart Institute-Quiron Salud, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (A.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Laura Galian-Gay
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Andrea Guala
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Angela Lopez-Sainz
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Gisela Teixido-Turà
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Aroa Ruiz Muñoz
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Filipa Valente
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Laura Gutierrez
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Ruben Fernandez-Galera
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Guillem Casas
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Panaro
- Teknon Heart Institute-Quiron Salud, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (A.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Alba Marigliano
- Teknon Heart Institute-Quiron Salud, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (A.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Marina Huguet
- Teknon Heart Institute-Quiron Salud, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (A.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Teresa González-Alujas
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Palomares
- Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Vall d’Hebron.CIBERCV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (A.G.); (A.L.-S.); (G.T.-T.); (A.R.M.); (F.V.); (L.G.); (R.F.-G.); (G.C.); (T.G.-A.); (J.R.-P.)
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5
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Michelena HI, Corte AD, Evangelista A, Maleszewski JJ, Edwards WD, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Fernández B, Asch FM, Barker AJ, Sierra-Galan LM, De Kerchove L, Fernandes SM, Fedak PWM, Girdauskas E, Delgado V, Abbara S, Lansac E, Prakash SK, Bissell MM, Popescu BA, Hope MD, Sitges M, Thourani VH, Pibarot P, Chandrasekaran K, Lancellotti P, Borger MA, Forrest JK, Webb J, Milewicz DM, Makkaar R, Leon MB, Sanders SP, Markl M, Ferrari VA, Roberts WC, Song JK, Blanke P, White CS, Siu S, Svensson LG, Braverman AC, Bavaria J, Sundt TM, El Khoury G, De Paulis R, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bax JJ, Otto CM, Schäfers HJ. International Consensus Statement on Nomenclature and Classification of the Congenital Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Its Aortopathy, for Clinical, Surgical, Interventional and Research Purposes. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2021; 3:e200496. [PMID: 34505060 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2021200496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes. © 2021 Jointly between the RSNA, the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the American Association for Thoracic Surgery. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Aortopathy, Nomenclature, Classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Ciber-CV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William D Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary J Roman
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Borja Fernández
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Ciber-CV, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Alex J Barker
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lilia M Sierra-Galan
- Cardiovascular Division, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurent De Kerchove
- Cardiovascular Division, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susan M Fernandes
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suhny Abbara
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Emmanuel Lansac
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malenka M Bissell
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila"-Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael D Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERCV, ISCIII (CB16/11/00354), CERCA Programme, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Phillippe Pibarot
- Department of Cardiology, Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John K Forrest
- Yale University School of Medicine & Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Webb
- St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raj Makkaar
- Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin B Leon
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Markl
- Yale University School of Medicine & Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William C Roberts
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Dallas Campus, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jae-Kwan Song
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Siu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan C Braverman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Bavaria
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thoralf M Sundt
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gebrine El Khoury
- Cardiovascular Division, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruggero De Paulis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital and Unicamillus University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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6
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Michelena HI, Della Corte A, Evangelista A, Maleszewski JJ, Edwards WD, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Fernández B, Asch FM, Barker AJ, Sierra-Galan LM, De Kerchove L, Fernandes SM, Fedak PWM, Girdauskas E, Delgado V, Abbara S, Lansac E, Prakash SK, Bissell MM, Popescu BA, Hope MD, Sitges M, Thourani VH, Pibarot P, Chandrasekaran K, Lancellotti P, Borger MA, Forrest JK, Webb J, Milewicz DM, Makkar R, Leon MB, Sanders SP, Markl M, Ferrari VA, Roberts WC, Song JK, Blanke P, White CS, Siu S, Svensson LG, Braverman AC, Bavaria J, Sundt TM, El Khoury G, De Paulis R, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bax JJ, Otto CM, Schäfers HJ. International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162:e383-e414. [PMID: 34304896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Ciber-CV, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - William D Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Mary J Roman
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Borja Fernández
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Ciber-CV, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Alex J Barker
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Lilia M Sierra-Galan
- Cardiovascular Division, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurent De Kerchove
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susan M Fernandes
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suhny Abbara
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Emmanuel Lansac
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex
| | - Malenka M Bissell
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila"-Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael D Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERCV, ISCIII (CB16/11/00354), CERCA Programme, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Phillippe Pibarot
- Department of Cardiology, Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium; Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John K Forrest
- Yale University School of Medicine & Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn
| | - John Webb
- St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex
| | - Raj Makkar
- Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Martin B Leon
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - William C Roberts
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Texas A& M School of Medicine, Dallas Campus, Dallas, Tex
| | - Jae-Kwan Song
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Samuel Siu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alan C Braverman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Joseph Bavaria
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Thoralf M Sundt
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Gebrine El Khoury
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruggero De Paulis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital and Unicamillus University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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7
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Michelena HI, Della Corte A, Evangelista A, Maleszewski JJ, Edwards WD, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Fernández B, Asch FM, Barker AJ, Sierra-Galan LM, De Kerchove L, Fernandes SM, Fedak PWM, Girdauskas E, Delgado V, Abbara S, Lansac E, Prakash SK, Bissell MM, Popescu BA, Hope MD, Sitges M, Thourani VH, Pibarot P, Chandrasekaran K, Lancellotti P, Borger MA, Forrest JK, Webb J, Milewicz DM, Makkar R, Leon MB, Sanders SP, Markl M, Ferrari VA, Roberts WC, Song JK, Blanke P, White CS, Siu S, Svensson LG, Braverman AC, Bavaria J, Sundt TM, El Khoury G, De Paulis R, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bax JJ, Otto CM, Schäfers HJ. International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 60:448-476. [PMID: 34293102 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Ciber-CV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William D Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary J Roman
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Borja Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Ciber-CV, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Alex J Barker
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lilia M Sierra-Galan
- Cardiovascular Division, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurent De Kerchove
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susan M Fernandes
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suhny Abbara
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Emmanuel Lansac
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malenka M Bissell
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila"-Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael D Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERCV, ISCIII (CB16/11/00354), CERCA Programme, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Phillippe Pibarot
- Department of Cardiology, Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John K Forrest
- Yale University School of Medicine & Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Webb
- St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raj Makkar
- Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin B Leon
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William C Roberts
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Texas A & M School of Medicine, Dallas Campus, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jae-Kwan Song
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Siu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan C Braverman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Bavaria
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thoralf M Sundt
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gebrine El Khoury
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruggero De Paulis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital and Unicamillus University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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8
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Michelena HI, Della Corte A, Evangelista A, Maleszewski JJ, Edwards WD, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Fernández B, Asch FM, Barker AJ, Sierra-Galan LM, De Kerchove L, Fernandes SM, Fedak PWM, Girdauskas E, Delgado V, Abbara S, Lansac E, Prakash SK, Bissell MM, Popescu BA, Hope MD, Sitges M, Thourani VH, Pibarot P, Chandrasekaran K, Lancellotti P, Borger MA, Forrest JK, Webb J, Milewicz DM, Makkar R, Leon MB, Sanders SP, Markl M, Ferrari VA, Roberts WC, Song JK, Blanke P, White CS, Siu S, Svensson LG, Braverman AC, Bavaria J, Sundt TM, El Khoury G, De Paulis R, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bax JJ, Otto CM, Schäfers HJ. International Consensus Statement on Nomenclature and Classification of the Congenital Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Its Aortopathy, for Clinical, Surgical, Interventional and Research Purposes. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 112:e203-e235. [PMID: 34304860 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector I Michelena
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Ciber-CV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William D Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mary J Roman
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Borja Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Ciber-CV, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Alex J Barker
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lilia M Sierra-Galan
- Cardiovascular Division, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurent De Kerchove
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susan M Fernandes
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suhny Abbara
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Emmanuel Lansac
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Malenka M Bissell
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila"-Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael D Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERCV, ISCIII (CB16/11/00354), CERCA Programme, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Phillippe Pibarot
- Department of Cardiology, Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium; Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John K Forrest
- Yale University School of Medicine & Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John Webb
- St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Raj Makkar
- Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin B Leon
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William C Roberts
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Texas A & M School of Medicine, Dallas Campus, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jae-Kwan Song
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel Siu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alan C Braverman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph Bavaria
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thoralf M Sundt
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gebrine El Khoury
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruggero De Paulis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital and Unicamillus University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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9
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Córdova-Palomera A, Tcheandjieu C, Fries JA, Varma P, Chen VS, Fiterau M, Xiao K, Tejeda H, Keavney BD, Cordell HJ, Tanigawa Y, Venkataraman G, Rivas MA, Ré C, Ashley E, Priest JR. Cardiac Imaging of Aortic Valve Area From 34 287 UK Biobank Participants Reveals Novel Genetic Associations and Shared Genetic Comorbidity With Multiple Disease Phenotypes. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e003014. [DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The aortic valve is an important determinant of cardiovascular physiology and anatomic location of common human diseases.
Methods:
From a sample of 34 287 white British ancestry participants, we estimated functional aortic valve area by planimetry from prospectively obtained cardiac magnetic resonance imaging sequences of the aortic valve. Aortic valve area measurements were submitted to genome-wide association testing, followed by polygenic risk scoring and phenome-wide screening, to identify genetic comorbidities.
Results:
A genome-wide association study of aortic valve area in these UK Biobank participants showed 3 significant associations, indexed by rs71190365 (chr13:50764607,
DLEU1
,
P
=1.8×10
−9
), rs35991305 (chr12:94191968,
CRADD
,
P
=3.4×10
−8
), and chr17:45013271:C:T (
GOSR2
,
P
=5.6×10
−8
). Replication on an independent set of 8145 unrelated European ancestry participants showed consistent effect sizes in all 3 loci, although rs35991305 did not meet nominal significance. We constructed a polygenic risk score for aortic valve area, which in a separate cohort of 311 728 individuals without imaging demonstrated that smaller aortic valve area is predictive of increased risk for aortic valve disease (odds ratio, 1.14;
P
=2.3×10
−6
). After excluding subjects with a medical diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis (remaining n=308 683 individuals), phenome-wide association of >10 000 traits showed multiple links between the polygenic score for aortic valve disease and key health-related comorbidities involving the cardiovascular system and autoimmune disease. Genetic correlation analysis supports a shared genetic etiology with between aortic valve area and birth weight along with other cardiovascular conditions.
Conclusions:
These results illustrate the use of automated phenotyping of cardiac imaging data from the general population to investigate the genetic etiology of aortic valve disease, perform clinical prediction, and uncover new clinical and genetic correlates of cardiac anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (A.C.-P., C.T., K.X., H.T., J.R.P.)
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (A.C.-P., C.T., K.X., H.T., J.R.P.)
| | - Jason A. Fries
- Department of Computer Science (J.F., V.S.C., M.F., C.R.), Stanford University, CA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (J.F.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Paroma Varma
- Department of Electrical Engineering (P.V.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Vincent S. Chen
- Department of Computer Science (J.F., V.S.C., M.F., C.R.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Madalina Fiterau
- Department of Computer Science (J.F., V.S.C., M.F., C.R.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (A.C.-P., C.T., K.X., H.T., J.R.P.)
| | - Heliodoro Tejeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (A.C.-P., C.T., K.X., H.T., J.R.P.)
| | - Bernard D. Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.)
- Division of Medicine, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.)
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (H.J.C.)
| | - Yosuke Tanigawa
- Department of Biomedical Data Science (Y.T., G.V., M.R.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Guhan Venkataraman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science (Y.T., G.V., M.R.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science (Y.T., G.V., M.R.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Christopher Ré
- Department of Computer Science (J.F., V.S.C., M.F., C.R.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Euan Ashley
- Department of Medicine (E.A.), Stanford University, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA (E.A., J.R.P.)
| | - James R. Priest
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (A.C.-P., C.T., K.X., H.T., J.R.P.)
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA (E.A., J.R.P.)
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10
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Fries JA, Varma P, Chen VS, Xiao K, Tejeda H, Saha P, Dunnmon J, Chubb H, Maskatia S, Fiterau M, Delp S, Ashley E, Ré C, Priest JR. Weakly supervised classification of aortic valve malformations using unlabeled cardiac MRI sequences. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3111. [PMID: 31308376 PMCID: PMC6629670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical repositories such as the UK Biobank provide increasing access to prospectively collected cardiac imaging, however these data are unlabeled, which creates barriers to their use in supervised machine learning. We develop a weakly supervised deep learning model for classification of aortic valve malformations using up to 4,000 unlabeled cardiac MRI sequences. Instead of requiring highly curated training data, weak supervision relies on noisy heuristics defined by domain experts to programmatically generate large-scale, imperfect training labels. For aortic valve classification, models trained with imperfect labels substantially outperform a supervised model trained on hand-labeled MRIs. In an orthogonal validation experiment using health outcomes data, our model identifies individuals with a 1.8-fold increase in risk of a major adverse cardiac event. This work formalizes a deep learning baseline for aortic valve classification and outlines a general strategy for using weak supervision to train machine learning models using unlabeled medical images at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Fries
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Paroma Varma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vincent S Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Heliodoro Tejeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jared Dunnmon
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Henry Chubb
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Shiraz Maskatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Madalina Fiterau
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Scott Delp
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Euan Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Christopher Ré
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - James R Priest
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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11
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Cramer PM, Prakash SK. Misclassification of bicuspid aortic valves is common and varies by imaging modality and patient characteristics. Echocardiography 2019; 36:761-765. [PMID: 30834578 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent adult congenital heart defect. BAV causes lifelong progressive disease that can be prevented by early diagnosis and long-term surveillance, but may be compromised by misclassification of valve morphology. METHODS The study population was derived from the UTHealth Bicuspid Aortic Valve Registry, which includes serial images on more than 200 participants over a mean follow-up interval of 2.8 years. We abstracted descriptions of aortic valve morphology from transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography reports. We used chi-square and t tests to determine associations between reported valve morphologies (definitely bicuspid, possibly bicuspid, tricuspid, or uncertain) and clinical characteristics and assessed image quality using a validated tool. RESULTS About 40% of participants were misclassified in at least one imaging report. The mean interval between misclassification and correct diagnosis was 22 months. TEE, MR and CT were more sensitive than TTE and successfully reclassified 20% of participants, but were only used in 14% of patients. Misclassification was associated with age, the extent of valve calcification and image quality, but was not significantly associated with aortic regurgitation, gender, or cusp configuration. CONCLUSION Misclassification of BAV is prevalent, frequently leads to delayed diagnosis, and is more likely to occur in the most severely affected cases. TEE, CT and MR may increase diagnostic accuracy in up to half of BAV cases but are underutilized. Additional studies are needed to determine if misclassification of BAV patients leads to increased long-term morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton M Cramer
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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