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Zhou Z, Feng Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Dou G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Retinal Degeneration and Other Ocular Diseases: A Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15516. [PMID: 37958500 PMCID: PMC10649114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is the most studied member of the Galectin family, with a large range of mediation in biological activities such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell adhesion, and tissue repair, as well as in pathological processes such as inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and angiogenesis. As is known to all, inflammation, aberrant cell apoptosis, and neovascularization are the main pathophysiological processes in retinal degeneration and many ocular diseases. Therefore, the review aims to conclude the role of Gal3 in the retinal degeneration of various diseases as well as the occurrence and development of the diseases and discuss its molecular mechanisms according to research in systemic diseases. At the same time, we summarized the predictive role of Gal3 as a biomarker and the clinical application of its inhibitors to discuss the possibility of Gal3 as a novel target for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
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2
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Gupta J, Abdulsahib WK, Turki Jalil A, Saadi Kareem D, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Farhood B. Prostate Cancer and microRNAs: New insights into Apoptosis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154436. [PMID: 37062208 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is known as one of the most prevalent malignancies globally and is not yet curable owing to its progressive nature. It has been well documented that Genetic and epigenetic alterations maintain mandatory roles in PCa development. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to be involved in a number of physiological processes. Apoptosis disruption is considered as one of the main mechanism involved in lots of pathological conditions, especially malignancy. There is ample of evidence in support of the fact that microRNAs (miRNAs) have crucial roles in several cellular biological processes, including apoptosis. Escaping from apoptosis is a common event in malignancy progression. Emerging evidence revealed miRNAs capabilities to act as apoptotic or anti-apoptotic factors by altering the expression levels of tumor inhibitor or oncogene genes. In the present narrative review, we described in detail how apoptosis dysfunction could be involved in PCa processes and additionally, the mechanisms behind miRNAs affect the apoptosis pathways in PCa. Identifying the mechanisms behind the effects of miRNAs and their targets on apoptosis can provide scientists new targets for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U. P., India
| | - Waleed K Abdulsahib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | | | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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3
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Glycobiology of cellular expiry: Decrypting the role of glycan-lectin regulatory complex and therapeutic strategies focusing on cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115367. [PMID: 36481348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Often the outer leaflets of living cells bear a coat of glycosylated proteins, which primarily regulates cellular processes. Glycosylation of such proteins occurs as part of their post-translational modification. Within the endoplasmic reticulum, glycosylation enables the attachment of specific oligosaccharide moieties such as, 'glycan' to the transmembrane receptor proteins which confers precise biological information for governing the cell fate. The nature and degree of glycosylation of cell surface receptors are regulated by a bunch of glycosyl transferases and glycosidases which fine-tune attachment or detachment of glycan moieties. In classical death receptors, upregulation of glycosylation by glycosyl transferases is capable of inducing cell death in T cells, tumor cells, etc. Thus, any deregulated alternation at surface glycosylation of these death receptors can result in life-threatening disorder like cancer. In addition, transmembrane glycoproteins and lectin receptors can transduce intracellular signals for cell death execution. Exogenous interaction of lectins with glycan containing death receptors signals for cell death initiation by modulating downstream signalings. Subsequently, endogenous glycan-lectin interplay aids in the customization and implementation of the cell death program. Lastly, the glycan-lectin recognition system dictates the removal of apoptotic cells by sending accurate signals to the extracellular milieu. Since glycosylation has proven to be a biomarker of cellular death and disease progression; glycans serve as specific therapeutic targets of cancers. In this context, we are reviewing the molecular mechanisms of the glycan-lectin regulatory network as an integral part of cell death machinery in cancer to target them for successful therapeutic and clinical approaches.
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4
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Kutzner TJ, Higuero AM, Süßmair M, Hingar M, Kaltner H, Lindner I, Kopitz J, Abad-Rodríguez J, Reusch D, Gabius HJ. What Happens If a Human Galectin Enters the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:247-288. [PMID: 35320531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian galectins have no signal peptide, and it is not known what would happen if a galectin is directed to take the classical export route. The corresponding engineering of galectin-specific cDNA will answer questions on the fate of a signal peptide-bearing protein variant after its entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometric analysis of occupancy of potential N-glycosylation sites for the galectin, binding and functional assays with cells as well as subcellular fractionation by density gradient ultracentrifugation and immunocytochemical colocalization with ER/Golgi markers report on aspects of the consequences of letting a galectin enter new territory. Applying these methods will help to clarify why galectins are leaderless and thus produced by free ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja J Kutzner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alonso M Higuero
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Martina Süßmair
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hingar
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Potential Roles of Modified Pectin Targeting Galectin-3 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. J 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/j4040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified pectin (MP) is a bioactive complex polysaccharide that is broken down into smaller fragments of units and used as an oral dietary supplement for cell proliferation. MP is safe and non-toxic with promising therapeutic properties with regard to targeting galectin-3 (GAL-3) toward the prevention and inhibition of viral infections through the modulation of the immune response and anti-inflammatory cytokine effects. This effect of MP as a GAL-3 antagonism, which has shown benefits in preclinical and clinical models, may be of relevance to the progression of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. The outbreak of emerging infectious diseases continues to pose a threat to human health. Further to the circulation of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, an effective and alternative therapeutic approach to combat it has become pertinent. The use of MP as a GAL-3 inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent blocking against the SARS-CoV-2-binding spike protein. This review highlights the potential effects of MP in viral infections, its proposed role as a GAL-3 inhibitor, and the associated function concerning a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Blair BB, Funkhouser AT, Goodwin JL, Strigenz AM, Chaballout BH, Martin JC, Arthur CM, Funk CR, Edenfield WJ, Blenda AV. Increased Circulating Levels of Galectin Proteins in Patients with Breast, Colon, and Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194819. [PMID: 34638303 PMCID: PMC8508020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are proteins with high-affinity β-galactoside-binding sites that function in a variety of signaling pathways through interactions with glycoproteins. The known contributions of galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and evasion of immune destruction led us to investigate the circulating levels of these galectins in cancer patients. This study compares galectin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from each stage of breast, lung, and colon cancer. Galectins-1 and -7, which share a prototype structure, were found to have statistically significant increases in breast and lung cancer. Of the tandem-repeat galectins, galectin-8 showed no statistically significant change in these cancer types, but galectin-9 was increased in colon and lung cancer. Galectin-3 is the only chimera-type galectin and was increased in all stages of breast, colon, and lung cancer. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the galectin levels in patients with these cancers compared with healthy controls, and galectin levels did not significantly change from stage to stage. These findings suggest that further research on the roles of galectins early in disease pathogenesis may lead to novel indications for galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey B. Blair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Avery T. Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Jane L. Goodwin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Alexander M. Strigenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Basil H. Chaballout
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Julie C. Martin
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (J.C.M.); (W.J.E.)
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Christopher Ronald Funk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | | | - Anna V. Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (J.C.M.); (W.J.E.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Vargas THM, Barra CN, Pulz LH, Huete GC, Cadrobbi KG, Nishiya AT, Kleeb SR, Xavier JG, Catão-Dias JL, Strefezzi RF. Galectin-3 immunolabelling correlates with BCL2 expression in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:169-174. [PMID: 34111022 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumour (MCT) is the most frequent skin neoplasm in dogs. These tumours are characterised by variable behaviour and clinical presentation that make prognosis an important and challenging task in the veterinary practice. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is known to influence several biological processes that are important in the cancer context and has been described as a prognostic marker for several human cancers. The aim of the present work was to characterise Gal-3 immunolabelling in canine cutaneous MCTs and to investigate its value as a prognostic marker for the disease. Thirty-four random cases of canine cutaneous MCT that were surgically treated with wide margins were included in this study. Gal-3 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and the results were compared with the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, Ki67 index, histopathological grades, mortality due to the disease and post-surgical survival. The majority of the MCTs (65.8%) were positive for Gal-3. Gal-3 immunolabelling was variable among the samples (2.7%-86.8% of the neoplastic cells). The protein was located in the cytoplasm or in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Gal-3 positivity was correlated with BCL2 expression (P < 0.001; r = 0.604), but not with Ki67 and BAX. No significant differences were detected between histological grades or in the survival analysis. Gal-3 expression correlates with BCL2 expression in MCTs. Although an efficient marker for several human neoplasms, the results presented herein suggest that Gal-3 immunolabelling is not an independent prognostic indicator for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique M. Vargas
- 1Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Jd. Elite, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila N. Barra
- 1Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Jd. Elite, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- 2Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidia H. Pulz
- 1Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Jd. Elite, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- 2Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Greice C. Huete
- 1Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Jd. Elite, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine G. Cadrobbi
- 1Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Jd. Elite, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- 2Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F. Strefezzi
- 1Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Jd. Elite, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sharma S, Varsha KK, Ray U, Siddiqua H, Jose AE, Muninarasimaiah S, Raghavan SC, Choudhary B. Acute toxicity analysis of an inhibitor of BCL2, Disarib, in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9982. [PMID: 33976278 PMCID: PMC8113538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a highly regulated process, which eliminates unwanted and damaged cells. Inhibition of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer cells. BCL2 family proteins are known to play a vital role in the regulation of apoptosis. Overexpression of BCL2, an antiapoptotic protein, provides the advantage of prolonged survival to cancer cells. Over the years, several BCL2 inhibitors have been investigated extensively for their anticancer potential. However, most of them were abolished before clinical use due to their side effects. Previously, we had identified and characterized a novel BCL2 inhibitor, Disarib, with the potential to eliminate tumor cells in a BCL2 specific manner leading to reduction in tumor burden in multiple mouse models. Notably, a head-to-head comparison of Disarib to ABT199, the only FDA approved BCL2 inhibitor revealed that Disarib is as potent as ABT199. Recent studies using mice revealed that Disarib did not invoke significant side effects in mice. In the present study, we have investigated the acute toxicity of Disarib in Wistar rats. The bioavailability studies following exposure of Disarib in Wistar rats revealed its maximum availability in serum at 24 h following oral administration. Acute toxicity analysis revealed that even a dose as high as 2000 mg/kg of Disarib did not cause significant toxicity in rats. There was no significant variation in blood parameters or kidney and liver functions following administration of Disarib. Histological analysis of different tissues from Disarib treated groups revealed standard architecture with no observable cellular damage. Importantly, exposure to Diasrib did not result in genotoxicity as determined by micronucleus assay. Further, solubility assays revealed that besides DMSO, Disarib is also soluble in alcohol. While the high acidic condition can increase the solubility of Disarib, even a lower percentage of alcohol with acidic conditions can improve its solubility. Thus, the toxicological profile in the current study revealed no significant side effects when Disarib was administered orally to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, 560100, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | - Ujjayinee Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Humaira Siddiqua
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | | | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, 560100, India.
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9
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Singh RP, Tingirikari JMR. Agro waste derived pectin poly and oligosaccharides: Synthesis and functional characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Navarro P, Martínez-Bosch N, Blidner AG, Rabinovich GA. Impact of Galectins in Resistance to Anticancer Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6086-6101. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Galectin-3 in Inflammasome Activation and Primary Biliary Cholangitis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145097. [PMID: 32707678 PMCID: PMC7404314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammation and damage of small bile ducts. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric complex of proteins that after activation with various stimuli initiates an inflammatory process. Increasing data obtained from animal studies implicate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays important roles in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, inflammation, fibrosis and host defense. The multilineage immune response at various stages of PBC development includes the involvement of Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of this disease. The role of Galectin-3 in the specific binding to NLRP3, and inflammasome activation in models of primary biliary cholangitis has been recently described. This review provides a brief pathogenesis of PBC and discusses the current knowledge about the role of Gal-3 in NLRP3 activation and PBC development.
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12
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Pirro M, Bianconi V, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on the biological features of mesenchymal stem cells and therapeutic implications. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1259-1272. [PMID: 32008148 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statins are well-known lipid-lowering drugs. The pleiotropic effects of statins have brought about some beneficial effects on improving the therapeutic outcomes of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. In this review, the impact of statins on mesenchymal stem cell behaviors including differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, as well as molecular pathways which are responsible for such phenomena, are discussed. A better understanding of pathways and mechanisms of statin-mediated effects on mesenchymal stem cells will pave the way for the expansion of statin applications. Furthermore, since designing a suitable carrier for statins is required to maintain a sufficient dose of active statins at the desired site of the body, different systems for local delivery of statins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Swayden M, Soubeyran P, Iovanna J. Upcoming Revolutionary Paths in Preclinical Modeling of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1443. [PMID: 32038993 PMCID: PMC6987422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, PDAC remains the cancer having the worst prognosis with mortality rates constantly on the rise. Efficient cures are still absent, despite all attempts to understand the aggressive physiopathology underlying this disease. A major stumbling block is the outdated preclinical modeling strategies applied in assessing effectiveness of novel anticancer therapeutics. Current in vitro preclinical models have a low fidelity to mimic the exact architectural and functional complexity of PDAC tumor found in human set, due to the lack of major components such as immune system and tumor microenvironment with its associated chemical and mechanical signals. The existing PDAC preclinical platforms are still far from being reliable and trustworthy to guarantee the success of a drug in clinical trials. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to innovate novel in vitro preclinical models that mirrors with precision tumor-microenvironment interface, pressure of immune system, and molecular and morphological aspects of the PDAC normally experienced within the living organ. This review outlines the traditional preclinical models of PDAC namely 2D cell lines, genetically engineered mice, and xenografts, and describing the present famous approach of 3D organoids. We offer a detailed narration of the pros and cons of each model system. Finally, we suggest the incorporation of two off-center newly born techniques named 3D bio-printing and organs-on-chip and discuss the potentials of swine models and in silico tools, as powerful new tools able to transform PDAC preclinical modeling to a whole new level and open new gates in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Swayden
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Soubeyran
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Eliaz I, Raz A. Pleiotropic Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112619. [PMID: 31683865 PMCID: PMC6893732 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) has a low-molecular-weight degree of esterification to allow absorption from the small intestinal epithelium into the circulation. MCP produces pleiotropic effects, including but not limited to its antagonism of galectin-3, which have shown benefit in preclinical and clinical models. Regarding cancer, MCP modulates several rate-limiting steps of the metastatic cascade. MCP can also affect cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Regarding fibrotic diseases, MCP modulates many of the steps involved in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. MCP also reduces fibrosis to the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. Other benefits of MCP include detoxification and improved immune function. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Eliaz
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, 398 Tesconi Ct, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA.
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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15
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Romero A, Gabius HJ. Galectin-3: is this member of a large family of multifunctional lectins (already) a therapeutic target? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:819-828. [PMID: 31575307 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1675638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The discoveries that sugars are a highly versatile platform to generate biochemical messages and that glycan-specific receptors (lectins) are a link between these signals and their bioactivity explain the interest in endogenous lectins such as galectins. Their analysis is a highly dynamic field. It is often referred to as being promising for innovative drug design. Area covered: We present a primer to the concept of the sugar code by glycan-(ga)lectin recognition, followed by a survey on galectin-3 (considering common and distinct features within this family of multifunctional proteins expressed at various cellular sites and cell types). Finally, we discuss strategies capable of blocking (ga)lectin activity, with an eye on current challenges and inherent obstacles. Expert opinion: The emerging broad profile of homeostatic and pathophysiological bioactivities stimulates further efforts to explore galectin (Gal-3) functionality, alone and then in mixtures. Like thoroughly assessing the pros and cons of blocking approaches for a multifunctional protein active at different sites, identifying a clinical situation, in which the galectin is essential in the disease process, will be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romero
- Structural and Chemistry Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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16
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Molecular docking studies of bioactive compounds from Annona muricata Linn as potential inhibitors for Bcl-2, Bcl-w and Mcl-1 antiapoptotic proteins. Apoptosis 2019; 23:27-40. [PMID: 29204721 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Annona muricata Linn or usually identified as soursop is a potential anticancer plant that has been widely reported to contain valuable chemopreventive agents known as annonaceous acetogenins. The antiproliferative and anticancer activities of this tropical and subtropical plant have been demonstrated in cell culture and animal studies. A. muricata L. exerts inhibition against numerous types of cancer cells, involving multiple mechanism of actions such as apoptosis, a programmed cell death that are mainly regulated by Bcl-2 family of proteins. Nonetheless, the binding mode and the molecular interactions of the plant's bioactive constituents have not yet been unveiled for most of these mechanisms. In the current study, we aim to elucidate the binding interaction of ten bioactive phytochemicals of A. muricata L. to three Bcl-2 family of antiapoptotic proteins viz. Bcl-2, Bcl-w and Mcl-1 using an in silico molecular docking analysis software, Autodock 4.2. The stability of the complex with highest affinity was evaluated using MD simulation. We compared the docking analysis of these substances with pre-clinical Bcl-2 inhibitor namely obatoclax. The study identified the potential chemopreventive agent among the bioactive compounds. We also characterized the important interacting residues of protein targets which involve in the binding interaction. Results displayed that anonaine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, showed a high affinity towards the Bcl-2, thus indicating that this compound is a potent inhibitor of the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic family of proteins.
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17
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Ruvolo PP, Hu CW, Qiu Y, Ruvolo VR, Go RL, Hubner SE, Coombes KR, Andreeff M, Qutub AA, Kornblau SM. LGALS3 is connected to CD74 in a previously unknown protein network that is associated with poor survival in patients with AML. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:126-137. [PMID: 31105032 PMCID: PMC6604360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin 3 (LGALS3) gene expression is associated with poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but the prognostic impact of LGALS3 protein expression in AML is unknown. LGALS3 supports diverse survival pathways including RAS mediated cascades, protein expression and stability of anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members, and activation of proliferative pathways including those mediated by beta Catenin. CD74 is a positive regulator of CD44 and CXCR4 signaling and this molecule may be critical for AML stem cell function. At present, the role of LGALS3 and CD74 in AML is unclear. In this study, we examine protein expression of LGALS3 and CD74 by reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) and identify new protein networks associated with these molecules. In addition, we determine prognostic potential of LGALS3, CD74, and their protein networks for clinical correlates in AML patients. Methods RPPA was used to determine relative expression of LGALS3, CD74, and 229 other proteins in 231 fresh AML patient samples and 205 samples were from patients who were treated and evaluable for outcome. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify proteins associated with LGALS3 and CD74. Progeny clustering was performed to generate protein networks. String analysis was performed to determine protein:protein interactions in networks and to perform gene ontology analysis. Kaplan-Meir method was used to generate survival curves. Findings LGALS3 is highest in monocytic AML patients and those with elevated LGALS3 had significantly shorter remission duration compared to patients with lower LGALS3 levels (median 21.9 vs 51.3 weeks, p = 0.016). Pearson correlation of LGALS3 with 230 other proteins identifies a distinct set of 37 proteins positively correlated with LGALS3 expression levels with a high representation of proteins involved in AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Thirty-one proteins were negatively correlated with LGALS3 including an AKT phosphatase. Pearson correlation of proteins associated with CD74 identified 12 proteins negatively correlated with CD74 and 16 proteins that are positively correlated with CD74. CD74 network revealed strong association with CD44 signaling and a high representation of apoptosis regulators. Progeny clustering was used to build protein networks based on LGALS3 and CD74 associated proteins. A strong relationship of the LGALS3 network with the CD74 network was identified. For AML patients with both the LGALS3 and CD74 protein cluster active, median overall survival was only 24.3 weeks, median remission duration was 17.8 weeks, and no patient survived beyond one year. Interpretation The findings from this study identify for the first time protein networks associated with LGALS3 and CD74 in AML. Each network features unique pathway characteristics. The data also suggest that the LGALS3 network and the CD74 network each support AML cell survival and the two networks may cooperate in a novel high risk AML population. Fund Leukemia Lymphoma Society provided funds to SMK for RPPA study of AML patient population. Texas Leukemia provided funds to PPR and SMK to study CD74 and LGALS3 expression in AML patients using RPPA. No payment was involved in the production of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chenyue W Hu
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin L Go
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan E Hubner
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Vuong L, Kouverianou E, Rooney CM, McHugh BJ, Howie SEM, Gregory CD, Forbes SJ, Henderson NC, Zetterberg FR, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Ford P, Pedersen A, Gravelle L, Tantawi S, Schambye H, Sethi T, MacKinnon AC. An Orally Active Galectin-3 Antagonist Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Growth and Augments Response to PD-L1 Blockade. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1480-1492. [PMID: 30674531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A combination therapy approach is required to improve tumor immune infiltration and patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors that target negative regulatory receptors. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that is highly expressed within the tumor microenvironment of aggressive cancers and whose expression correlates with poor survival particularly in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To examine the role of galectin-3 inhibition in NSCLC, we tested the effects of galectin-3 depletion using genetic and pharmacologic approaches on syngeneic mouse lung adenocarcinoma and human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Galectin-3-/- mice developed significantly smaller and fewer tumors and metastases than syngeneic C57/Bl6 wild-type mice. Macrophage ablation retarded tumor growth, whereas reconstitution with galectin-3-positive bone marrow restored tumor growth in galectin-3-/- mice, indicating that macrophages were a major driver of the antitumor response. Oral administration of a novel small molecule galectin-3 inhibitor GB1107 reduced human and mouse lung adenocarcinoma growth and blocked metastasis in the syngeneic model. Treatment with GB1107 increased tumor M1 macrophage polarization and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Moreover, GB1107 potentiated the effects of a PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor to increase expression of cytotoxic (IFNγ, granzyme B, perforin-1, Fas ligand) and apoptotic (cleaved caspase-3) effector molecules. In summary, galectin-3 is an important regulator of lung adenocarcinoma progression. The novel galectin-3 inhibitor presented could provide an effective, nontoxic monotherapy or be used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors to boost immune infiltration and responses in lung adenocarcinoma and potentially other aggressive cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel and orally active galectin-3 antagonist inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis and augments response to PD-L1 blockade.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/7/1480/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Vuong
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Kouverianou
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Rooney
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J McHugh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E M Howie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Ford
- Galecto Biotech, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Tariq Sethi
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C MacKinnon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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19
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Clinical candidates modulating protein-protein interactions: The fragment-based experience. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:76-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Decoding the sweet regulation of apoptosis: the role of glycosylation and galectins in apoptotic signaling pathways. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:981-993. [PMID: 30903104 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation and glycan-binding proteins such as galectins play an important role in the control of cell death signaling. Strikingly, very little attention has been given so far to the understanding of the molecular details behind this key regulatory network. Glycans attached to the death receptors such as CD95 and TRAIL-Rs, either alone or in a complex with galectins, might promote or inhibit apoptotic signals. However, we have just started to decode the functions of galectins in the modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. In this work, we have discussed the current understanding of the glycosylation-galectin regulatory network in CD95- as well as TRAIL-R-induced apoptosis and therapeutic strategies based on targeting galectins in cancer.
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21
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Ludwig AK, Michalak M, Xiao Q, Gilles U, Medrano FJ, Ma H, FitzGerald FG, Hasley WD, Melendez-Davila A, Liu M, Rahimi K, Kostina NY, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Möller M, Lindner I, Kaltner H, Cudic M, Reusch D, Kopitz J, Romero A, Oscarson S, Klein ML, Gabius HJ, Percec V. Design-functionality relationships for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2837-2842. [PMID: 30718416 PMCID: PMC6386680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813515116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin recognition is assumed to elicit its broad range of (patho)physiological functions via a combination of specific contact formation with generation of complexes of distinct signal-triggering topology on biomembranes. Faced with the challenge to understand why evolution has led to three particular modes of modular architecture for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in vertebrates, here we introduce protein engineering to enable design switches. The impact of changes is measured in assays on cell growth and on bridging fully synthetic nanovesicles (glycodendrimersomes) with a chemically programmable surface. Using the example of homodimeric galectin-1 and monomeric galectin-3, the mutual design conversion caused qualitative differences, i.e., from bridging effector to antagonist/from antagonist to growth inhibitor and vice versa. In addition to attaining proof-of-principle evidence for the hypothesis that chimera-type galectin-3 design makes functional antagonism possible, we underscore the value of versatile surface programming with a derivative of the pan-galectin ligand lactose. Aggregation assays with N,N'-diacetyllactosamine establishing a parasite-like surface signature revealed marked selectivity among the family of galectins and bridging potency of homodimers. These findings provide fundamental insights into design-functionality relationships of galectins. Moreover, our strategy generates the tools to identify biofunctional lattice formation on biomembranes and galectin-reagents with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Ulrich Gilles
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanyue Ma
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - William D Hasley
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Adriel Melendez-Davila
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Matthew Liu
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Nina Yu Kostina
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Martin Möller
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Romero
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323;
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22
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Ruvolo PP. Galectins as regulators of cell survival in the leukemia niche. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:41-54. [PMID: 30245264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment within the bone marrow (BM) contains support cells that promote leukemia cell survival and suppress host anti-tumor defenses. Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside binding proteins that are critical components in the tumor microenvironment. Galectin 1 (LGALS1) and Galectin 3 (LGALS3) as regulators of RAS signaling intracellularly and as inhibitors of immune cells extracellularly are perhaps the best studied members for their role in leukemia biology. Interest in Galectin 9 (LGALS9) is growing as this galectin has been identified as an immune checkpoint molecule. LGALS9 also supports leukemia stem cells (LSCs) though a mechanism of action is not clear. LGALS1 and LGALS3 each participate in a diverse number of survival pathways that promote drug resistance by supporting pro-tumor molecules such BCL2, MCL-1, and MYC and blocking tumor suppressors like p53. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have protein signatures that differ from healthy donor MSC. Elevated LGALS3 protein in AML MSC is associated with refractory disease/relapse demonstrating that MSC derived galectin impacts patient survival. LGALS3 is a critical determining factor whether MSC differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts so the galectin influences the cellular composition of the leukemia niche. Both LGALS3 and LGALS1 when secreted can suppress immune function. Both galectins can induce apoptosis of T cells. LGALS3 also modulates T cell receptor endocytosis and impairs interferon mediated chemokine production by binding glycosylated interferon. LGALS3 as a TIM3 binding partner acts to suppress T cell function. Galectins also impact leukemia cell mobilization and may participate in homing mechanisms. LGALS3 participates in transport mechanism of integrins, receptors, and other molecules that control cell adhesion and cell:cell interactions. The diversity of these various functions demonstrate the importance of these galectins in the leukemia niche. This review will cover the role of LGALS1, LGALS3, and LGALS9 in the various processes that are critical for maintaining leukemia cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are involved in many physiological functions, such as inflammation, immune responses, cell migration, autophagy and signalling. They are also linked to diseases such as fibrosis, cancer and heart disease. How such a small family of only 15 members can have such widespread effects remains a conundrum. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarise recent literature on the many cellular activities that have been ascribed to galectins. As shown on the accompanying poster, these include carbohydrate-independent interactions with cytosolic or nuclear targets and carbohydrate-dependent interactions with extracellular glycoconjugates. We discuss how these intra- and extracellular activities might be linked and point out the importance of unravelling molecular mechanisms of galectin function to gain a true understanding of their contributions to the physiology of the cell. We close with a short outlook on the organismal functions of galectins and a perspective on the major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Institut für Zytobiologie, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Sect. MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Dept Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, POB 117, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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24
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De Silva E, Kim H. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: Focus on platelet apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:1-11. [PMID: 29410286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a serious and potentially fatal complication of drug therapy that results either from a decrease in bone marrow platelet production or the excessive destruction of circulating platelets. Although multiple mechanisms are responsible for deregulated platelet clearance, the role of programmed platelet death (apoptosis) in drug-induced thrombocytopenia has been relatively under-investigated until recently. Here we review apoptotic signaling pathways in platelets, with a focus on current data that provide mechanistic insights into drug-induced apoptosis and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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25
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Sciacchitano S, Lavra L, Morgante A, Ulivieri A, Magi F, De Francesco GP, Bellotti C, Salehi LB, Ricci A. Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020379. [PMID: 29373564 PMCID: PMC5855601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates basic cellular functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. It is not surprising, therefore, that this protein is involved in the pathogenesis of many relevant human diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, chronic inflammation and scarring affecting many different tissues. The papers published in the literature have progressively increased in number during the last decades, testifying the great interest given to this protein by numerous researchers involved in many different clinical contexts. Considering the crucial role exerted by Gal-3 in many different clinical conditions, Gal-3 is emerging as a new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and as a new promising therapeutic target. The current review aims to extensively examine the studies published so far on the role of Gal-3 in all the clinical conditions and diseases, listed in alphabetical order, where it was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Lavra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Morgante
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo De Francesco
- Department of Oncological Science, Breast Unit, St Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Operative Unit Surgery of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila B Salehi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010210. [PMID: 29320431 PMCID: PMC5796159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
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Beezhold K, Byersdorfer CA. Targeting immuno-metabolism to improve anti-cancer therapies. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:127-135. [PMID: 29126914 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunology community has made significant strides in recent years in using the immune system to target and eliminate cancer. Therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the standard of care treatment for several malignancies, while therapies incorporating chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or checkpoint molecule blockade have been revolutionary. However, these approaches are not optimal for all cancers and in some cases, have failed outright. The greatest obstacle to making these therapies more effective may be rooted in one of the most basic concepts of cell biology, metabolism. Research over the last decade has revealed that T cell proliferation and differentiation is intimately linked to robust changes in metabolic activity, delineation of which may provide ways to manipulate the immuno-oncologic responses to our advantage. Here, we provide a basic overview of T cell metabolism, discuss what is known about metabolic regulation of T cells during allogeneic HSCT, point to evidence on the importance of T cell metabolism during CAR T cell and solid tumor therapies, and speculate about the role for compounds that might have dual-action on both immune cells and tumor cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Beezhold
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Kim JH, Lee H, Shin EA, Kim DH, Choi JB, Kim SH. Implications of Bcl-2 and its interplay with other molecules and signaling pathways in prostate cancer progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:911-920. [PMID: 28816549 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1369044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among several genetic alterations involved in the progression of prostate cancer, B cell lymphoma gene number 2 (BCL-2) is an important target molecule in the progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) after androgen ablation or castration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of BCL-2 in prostate cancer progression remains elusive and controversial. In the current review, we discuss the critical role of BCL-2 in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer with experimental evidences on the BCL-2 molecular networks in AIPC and androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) and subsequently suggest perspective research targeting BCL-2. Areas covered: This review focused on the molecular implications of BCL-2 in association with other molecules and signaling pathways involved in the progression and carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. Expert opinion: BCL-2 plays a pivotal role in the progression of AIPC than in ADPC since androgen represses BCL-2. BCL-2 acts as a pro-survival molecule in association with androgen-related signaling in the progression of ADPC, while BCL-2 upregulation, PTEN loss, PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation are primarily involved in AIPC. To identify more effective prostate cancer therapy, further mechanistic studies are required with BCL-2 inhibitors in AIPC and ADPC, considering a multi-target therapy against BCL-2 and its related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Jhin Baek Choi
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
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Shi X, Dou Y, Zhou K, Huo J, Yang T, Qin T, Liu W, Wang S, Yang D, Chang L, Wang C. Targeting the Bcl-2 family and P-glycoprotein reverses paclitaxel resistance in human esophageal carcinoma cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:897-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Charbe N, McCarron PA, Tambuwala MM. Three-dimensional bio-printing: A new frontier in oncology research. World J Clin Oncol 2017; 8:21-36. [PMID: 28246583 PMCID: PMC5309712 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research in oncology deploys methods that rely principally on two-dimensional (2D) mono-cell cultures and animal models. Although these methodologies have led to significant advancement in the development of novel experimental therapeutic agents with promising anticancer activity in the laboratory, clinicians still struggle to manage cancer in the clinical setting. The disappointing translational success is attributable mainly to poor representation and recreation of the cancer microenvironment present in human neoplasia. Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printed models could help to simulate this micro-environment, with recent bio-printing of live human cells demonstrating that effective in vitro replication is achievable. This literature review outlines up-to-date advancements and developments in the use of 3D bio-printed models currently being used in oncology research. These innovative advancements in 3D bio-printing open up a new frontier for oncology research and could herald an era of progressive clinical cancer therapeutics.
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Soto-Gamez A, Demaria M. Therapeutic interventions for aging: the case of cellular senescence. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:786-795. [PMID: 28111332 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organismal aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the onset of degenerative conditions and cancer. One of the key drivers of aging is cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest induced by many pro-tumorigenic stresses. Senescent cells accumulate late in life and at sites of age-related pathologies, where they contribute to disease onset and progression through complex cell and non-cell autonomous effects. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which cellular senescence can promote aging, and we offer an extensive description of current potential pharmacological interventions for senescent cells, highlighting limitations and suggesting alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Soto-Gamez
- University of Groningen, European Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- University of Groningen, European Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Nakajima K, Kho DH, Yanagawa T, Zimel M, Heath E, Hogan V, Raz A. Galectin-3 in bone tumor microenvironment: a beacon for individual skeletal metastasis management. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:333-46. [PMID: 27067726 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is frequently a secondary growth site of disseminated cancers, often leading to painful and devastating clinical outcomes. Metastatic cancer distorts bone marrow homeostasis through tumor-derived factors, which shapes different bone tumor microenvironments depending on the tumor cells' origin. Here, we propose a novel insight on tumor-secreted Galectin-3 (Gal-3) that controls the induction of an inflammatory cascade, differentiation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone marrow cells, resulting in bone destruction and therapeutic failure. In the approaching era of personalized medicine, the current treatment modalities targeting bone metastatic environments are provided to the patient with limited consideration of the cancer cells' origin. Our new outlook suggests delivering individual tumor microenvironment treatments based on the expression level/activity/functionality of tumor-derived factors, rather than utilizing a commonly shared therapeutic umbrella. The notion of "Gal-3-associated bone remodeling" could be the first step toward a specific personalized therapy for each cancer type generating a different bone niche in patients afflicted with non-curable bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakajima
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Dong Hyo Kho
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Takashi Yanagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Melissa Zimel
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Elisabeth Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Victor Hogan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
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Drink E, Dugourd P, Dumont E, Aronssohn N, Antoine R, Loison C. Optical properties of prodigiosin and obatoclax: action spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:25946-55. [PMID: 26120608 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01498k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prodiginine molecules (prodigiosin and obatoclax) are well-known pH-chromic dyes with promising anti-tumor properties. They present multiple tautomeric and rotameric forms. The protonation state and the structure of such flexible ligands in interaction with a protein are crucial to understand and to model the protein's biological activities. The determination of the protonation state via UV/vis absorption is possible if the ligand spectra of the neutral and protonated states are sufficiently different, and also if we can eliminate other factors potentially impacting the spectrum. Upon measuring the absorption spectra of the ligand in solution, varying solvents and pH values, we have determined that the optical properties of prodigiosin and obatoclax depend on the protonation state and not on the solvent permittivity constant. In parallel, action spectroscopy (using tunable lasers coupled to ion traps) in the gas phase of protonated and sodiated prodigiosin and obatoclax molecules has been performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the charge and the conformational state to their optical properties free of solvent. The spectra are interpreted using computational simulations of molecular structures and electronic excitations. The excitation energies are only slightly sensitive to various isomerizations, and may be used to distinguish between protonated and deprotonated states, even in the presence of a sodium counter-ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangeline Drink
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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Harazono Y, Kho DH, Balan V, Nakajima K, Hogan V, Raz A. Extracellular galectin-3 programs multidrug resistance through Na+/K+-ATPase and P-glycoprotein signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19592-604. [PMID: 26158764 PMCID: PMC4637307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3, LGALS3) is a pleotropic versatile, 29-35 kDa chimeric gene product, and involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cell growth, homeostasis, apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cellular polarity, motility, adhesion, activation, differentiation, transformation, signaling, regulation of innate/adaptive immunity, and angiogenesis. In multiple diseases, it was found that the level of circulating Gal-3 is markedly elevated, suggesting that Gal-3-dependent function is mediated by specific interaction with yet an unknown ubiquitous cell-surface protein. Recently, we showed that Gal-3 attenuated drug-induced apoptosis, which is one of the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we document that MDR could be mediated by Gal-3 interaction with the house-keeping gene product e.g., Na+/K+-ATPase, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Gal-3 interacts with Na+/K+-ATPase and induces the phosphorylation of P-gp. We also find that Gal-3 binds P-gp and enhances its ATPase activity. Furthermore Gal-3 antagonist suppresses this interaction and results in a decrease of the phosphorylation and the ATPase activity of P-gp, leading to an increased sensitivity to doxorubicin-mediated cell death. Taken together, these findings may explain the reported roles of Gal-3 in diverse diseases and suggest that a combined therapy of inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase and Gal-3, and a disease specific drug(s) might be superior to a single therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Harazono
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Dhong Hyo Kho
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Kosei Nakajima
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Victor Hogan
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Cagnoni AJ, Pérez Sáez JM, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Turning-Off Signaling by Siglecs, Selectins, and Galectins: Chemical Inhibition of Glycan-Dependent Interactions in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:109. [PMID: 27242953 PMCID: PMC4865499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation, a common feature associated with malignancy, has been implicated in important events during cancer progression. Our understanding of the role of glycans in cancer has grown exponentially in the last few years, concurrent with important advances in glycomics and glycoproteomic technologies, paving the way for the validation of a number of glycan structures as potential glycobiomarkers. However, the molecular bases underlying cancer-associated glycan modifications are still far from understood. Glycans exhibit a natural heterogeneity, crucial for their diverse functional roles as specific carriers of biologically relevant information. This information is decoded by families of proteins named lectins, including sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and galectins. Siglecs are primarily expressed on the surface of immune cells and differentially control innate and adaptive immune responses. Among CLRs, selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between cancer cells and platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, thus facilitating tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Galectins, a family of soluble proteins that bind β-galactoside-containing glycans, have been implicated in diverse events associated with cancer biology such as apoptosis, homotypic cell aggregation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and tumor-immune escape. Consequently, individual members of these lectin families have become promising targets for the design of novel anticancer therapies. During the past decade, a number of inhibitors of lectin–glycan interactions have been developed including small-molecule inhibitors, multivalent saccharide ligands, and more recently peptides and peptidomimetics have offered alternatives for tackling tumor progression. In this article, we review the current status of the discovery and development of chemical lectin inhibitors and discuss novel strategies to limit cancer progression by targeting lectin–glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Mansueto G, Di Vito A, Belluomo C, Murino P, Natella V, Camastra C, Presta I, Malara N, de Rosa G, Donato G, Mignogna C. A case of intravascular large B cell lymphoma: New clinical and immunohistochemical findings. Neuropathology 2016; 36:496-503. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Mansueto
- Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section; University of Naples “Federico II”; Italy
| | - Anna Di Vito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Italy
| | - Clara Belluomo
- Department of Anesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Science; Second University of Naples; Italy
| | - Patrizia Murino
- Department of Anesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Science; Second University of Naples; Italy
| | - Valentina Natella
- Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section; University of Naples “Federico II”; Italy
| | - Caterina Camastra
- Department of Health Science; University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Italy
| | - Ivan Presta
- Department of Health Science; University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Science; University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Italy
| | - Gaetano de Rosa
- Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section; University of Naples “Federico II”; Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Science; University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Science; University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Italy
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Bum-Erdene K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Blanchard H. Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3'-sulfo-lactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20289. [PMID: 26828567 PMCID: PMC4734333 DOI: 10.1038/srep20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to function as a lipid raft and adherens junction stabilizer by its glycan cross-linking capacity. Galectin-4 plays divergent roles in cancer and inflammatory conditions, either promoting or inhibiting each disease progression, depending on the specific pathological condition. The study of galectin-4's ligand-binding profile may help decipher its roles under specific conditions. Here we present the X-ray structures of human galectin-4 N-terminal CRD (galectin-4N) bound to different saccharide ligands. Galectin-4's overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs. Galectin-4N recognises the sulfate cap of 3'-sulfated glycans by a weak interaction through Arg45 and two water-mediated hydrogen bonds via Trp84 and Asn49. When galectin-4N interacts with the H-antigen mimic, 2'-fucosyllactose, an interaction is formed between the ring oxygen of fucose and Arg45. The extended binding site of galectin-4N may not be well suited to the A/B-antigen determinants, α-GalNAc/α-Gal, specifically due to clashes with residue Phe47. Overall, galectin-4N favours sulfated glycans whilst galectin-4C prefers blood group determinants. However, the two CRDs of galectin-4 can, to a less extent, recognise each other's ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Ruvolo PP, Ruvolo VR, Benton CB, AlRawi A, Burks JK, Schober W, Rolke J, Tidmarsh G, Hail N, Davis RE, Andreeff M. Combination of galectin inhibitor GCS-100 and BH3 mimetics eliminates both p53 wild type and p53 null AML cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:562-71. [PMID: 26704388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galectin 3 (LGALS3) expression is prognostic for poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. GCS-100 is a novel galectin inhibitor that may prove useful for AML therapy. In this study, we found that GCS-100 induced apoptosis in AML cells. The agent reduced MCL-1 expression suggesting that GCS-100 could be more effective when combined with a BH3 mimetic. Indeed, potent synergistic cytotoxicity was achieved when GCS-100 was combined with ABT-737 or ABT-199. Furthermore, the GCS-100/ABT-199 combination was effective against primary AML blast cells from patients with FLT3 ITD mutations, which is another prognostic factor for poor outcome in AML. This activity may involve wild-type p53 as shRNA knockdown of LGALS3 or galectin 1 (LGALS1) sensitized wild-type p53 OCI-AML3 cells to GCS-100/ABT-737-induced apoptosis to a much greater extent than p53 null THP-1 cells. Suppression of LGALS3 by shRNA inhibited MCL-1 expression in OCI-AML3 cells, but not THP-1 cells, suggesting the induced sensitivity to ABT-737 may involve a MCL-1 mediated mechanism. OCI-AML3 cells with LGALS1 shRNA were also sensitized to ABT-737. However, these cells exhibited increased MCL-1 expression, so MCL-1 reduction is apparently not required in this process. A role for p53 appears important as GCS-100 induces p53 expression and shRNA knockdown of p53 protected OCI-AML3 cells from the cytotoxic effects of the GCS-100/ABT-737 treatment combination. Our results suggest that galectins regulate a survival axis in AML cells, which may be targeted via combined inhibition with drugs such as GCS-100 and ABT-199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher B Benton
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed AlRawi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy Schober
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Rolke
- La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Numsen Hail
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ruvolo PP. Galectin 3 as a guardian of the tumor microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:427-437. [PMID: 26264495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Galectin 3 is a member of a family of β-galactoside binding proteins and has emerged as an important regulator of diverse functions critical in cancer biology including apoptosis, metastasis, immune surveillance, molecular trafficking, mRNA splicing, gene expression, and inflammation. Galectin 3's ability to support cancer cell survival by intra-cellular and extra-cellular mechanisms suggests this molecule is an important component of the tumor microenvironment that potentially could be targeted for therapy. Data is emerging that Galectin 3 is elevated in many cancers including solid tumors and the cancers of the blood. Galectin 3 also appears to be a key molecule produced by tumor microenvironment support cells including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) to suppress immune surveillance by killing T cells and interfering with NK cell function and by supporting metastasis. Levels of Galectin 3 increase in the MSC of aging mice and perhaps this contributes to the development of cancer in the elderly. Galectin 3 modulates surface protein expression of a diverse set of glycoproteins including CD44 by regulating endocytosis of these proteins. In addition, Galectin 3 binding to receptor kinases such as CD45 and the T cell receptor is critical in the regulation of their function. In this review I will examine the various mechanisms how Galectin 3 supports chemoresistance and metastasis in solid tumors and in leukemia and lymphoma. I will also discuss possible therapeutic strategies to target this Galectin for cancer therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States.
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Galectin-3 leads to attenuation of apoptosis through Bax heterodimerization in human thyroid carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9992-10001. [PMID: 25393982 PMCID: PMC4259453 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells survive escaping normal apoptosis and the blocks in apoptosis that keep cancer cells alive are promising candidates for targeted therapy. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is, a member of the lectin family, which is involved in cell growth, adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis. It remains elusive to understand the role of Gal-3 on apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma cells. Here, we report that Gal-3 heterodimerizes Bax, mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3, leading to anti-apoptotic characteristic. Gal-3/Bax interaction was suppressed by an antagonist of Gal-3, in which in turn cells became sensitive to apoptosis. The data presented here highlight that Gal-3 is involved in the anti-apoptosis of thyroid carcinoma cells. Thus, it suggests that targeting Gal-3 may lead to an improved therapeutic modality for thyroid cancer.
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Bum-Erdene K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Blanchard H. Structural characterization of human galectin-4 C-terminal domain: elucidating the molecular basis for recognition of glycosphingolipids, sulfated saccharides and blood group antigens. FEBS J 2015; 282:3348-67. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Sweden
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Advedissian T, Deshayes F, Poirier F, Grandjean C, Viguier M. [Galectins, a class of unconventional lectins]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:499-505. [PMID: 26059300 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins constitute a family of soluble animal lectins defined by their evolutionary conserved carbohydrate recognition domain and their affinity for β-galactosides containing glycoconjugates. Each galectin is characterized by a specific spatio-temporal distribution and a unique set of ligands and molecular partners. Interestingly, galectins are found both extracellularly and intracellularly and modulate various cellular processes. Knock-out mutant mice for galectins-1, 3 or 7 are viable but display a wide range of defects under various stress conditions. Indeed, galectins are multifunctional proteins involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, organization of membrane domains, cell signalling and also in intracellular trafficking, apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle. Galectins represent potential therapeutic targets, especially in the context of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Advedissian
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, université Paris-Diderot, équipe morphogenèse, homéostasie et pathologies, 15, rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Frédérique Deshayes
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, université Paris-Diderot, équipe morphogenèse, homéostasie et pathologies, 15, rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, université Paris-Diderot, équipe morphogenèse, homéostasie et pathologies, 15, rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Équipe ingénierie moléculaire et glycobiologie, UMR CNRS 6286, unité fonctionnalité et ingénierie des protéines, faculté des sciences et techniques de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Mireille Viguier
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, université Paris-Diderot, équipe morphogenèse, homéostasie et pathologies, 15, rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Shim AR, Dong GZ, Lee HJ, Ryu JH. Atractylochromene Is a Repressor of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:26-30. [PMID: 25593640 PMCID: PMC4286746 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was mutated in about 90% of the sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers. The abnormally activated β-catenin increases the cancer cell proliferation, differentiation and metastasis through increasing the expression of its oncogenic target genes. In this study, we identified an inhibitor of β-catenin dependent Wnt pathway from rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi (Compositae). The active compound was purified by activity-guided purification and the structure was identified as 2,8-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-chromene (atractylochromene, AC). AC suppressed β-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity of HEK-293 reporter cells when they were stimulated by Wnt3a or inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. AC down-regulated the nuclear level of β-catenin through the suppression of galectin-3 mediated nuclear translocation of β-catenin in SW-480 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, AC inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cell. Taken together, AC from A. macrocephala might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ram Shim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742
| | - Guang-Zhi Dong
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742
| | - Hwa Jin Lee
- Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742
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Funasaka T, Raz A, Nangia-Makker P. Nuclear transport of galectin-3 and its therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 27:30-8. [PMID: 24657939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a member of β-galactoside-binding gene family is a multi-functional protein, which regulates pleiotropic biological functions such as cell growth, cell adhesion, cell-cell interactions, apoptosis, angiogenesis and mRNA processing. Its unique structure enables it to interact with a plethora of ligands in a carbohydrate dependent or independent manner. Galectin-3 is mainly a cytosolic protein, but can easily traverse the intracellular and plasma membranes to translocate into the nucleus, mitochondria or get externalized. Depending on the cell type, specific experimental conditions in vitro, cancer type and stage, galectin-3 has been reported to be exclusively cytoplasmic, predominantly nuclear or distributed between the two compartments. In this review we have summarized the dynamics of galectin-3 shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, the nuclear transport mechanisms of galectin-3, how its specific interactions with the members of β-catenin signaling pathways affect tumor progression, and its implications as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, United States
| | - Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, United States; John D. Dingell V.A. Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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