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Katti PD, Jasuja H. Current Advances in the Use of Tissue Engineering for Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:617. [PMID: 38475301 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and results in nearly 10 million deaths each year. The global economic burden of cancer from 2020 to 2050 is estimated to be USD 25.2 trillion. The spread of cancer to distant organs through metastasis is the leading cause of death due to cancer. However, as of today, there is no cure for metastasis. Tissue engineering is a promising field for regenerative medicine that is likely to be able to provide rehabilitation procedures to patients who have undergone surgeries, such as mastectomy and other reconstructive procedures. Another important use of tissue engineering has emerged recently that involves the development of realistic and robust in vitro models of cancer metastasis, to aid in drug discovery and new metastasis therapeutics, as well as evaluate cancer biology at metastasis. This review covers the current studies in developing tissue-engineered metastasis structures. This article reports recent developments in in vitro models for breast, prostate, colon, and pancreatic cancer. The review also identifies challenges and opportunities in the use of tissue engineering toward new, clinically relevant therapies that aim to reduce the cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeya D Katti
- American University of Caribbean, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
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2
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Wang S, Wu W, Lin X, Zhang KM, Wu Q, Luo M, Zhou J. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of bone metastasis in breast cancer: current status and future directions. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:224. [PMID: 38041134 PMCID: PMC10693103 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common site of metastasis in breast cancer is the bone, where the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation is disrupted. This imbalance causes osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer, which leads to bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and other skeletal-related events (SREs). These complications reduce patients' quality of life significantly and have a profound impact on prognosis. In this review, we begin by providing a brief overview of the epidemiology of bone metastasis in breast cancer, including current diagnostic tools, treatment approaches, and existing challenges. Then, we will introduce the pathophysiology of breast cancer bone metastasis (BCBM) and the animal models involved in the study of BCBM. We then come to the focus of this paper: a discussion of several biomarkers that have the potential to provide predictive and prognostic value in the context of BCBM-some of which may be particularly compatible with more comprehensive liquid biopsies. Beyond that, we briefly explore the potential of new technologies such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models, which will improve our understanding of tumor heterogeneity and aid in the development of improved biomarkers. The emerging biomarkers discussed hold promise for future clinical application, aiding in the prevention of BCBM, improving the prognosis of patients, and guiding the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenkangle Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - QingLiang Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mingpeng Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Lin CY, Song X, Ke Y, Raha A, Wu Y, Wasi M, Wang L, Geng F, You L. Yoda1 Enhanced Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration on Osteocytes in Regulation of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3395. [PMID: 35884459 PMCID: PMC9324638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-magnitude (≤1 g) high-frequency (≥30 Hz) (LMHF) vibration has been shown to enhance bone mineral density. However, its regulation in breast cancer bone metastasis remains controversial for breast cancer patients and elder populations. Yoda1, an activator of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel, could potentially intensify the effect of LMHF vibration by enhancing the mechanoresponse of osteocytes, the major mechanosensory bone cells with high expression of Piezo1. In this study, we treated osteocytes with mono- (Yoda1 only or vibration only) or combined treatment (Yoda1 and LMHF vibration) and examined the further regulation of osteoclasts and breast cancer cells through the conditioned medium. Moreover, we studied the effects of combined treatment on breast cancer cells in regulation of osteocytes. Combined treatment on osteocytes showed beneficial effects, including increasing the nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in osteocytes (488.0%, p < 0.0001), suppressing osteoclastogenesis (34.3%, p = 0.004), and further reducing migration of MDA-MB-231 (15.1%, p = 0.02) but not Py8119 breast cancer cells (4.2%, p = 0.66). Finally, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells subjected to the combined treatment decreased the percentage of apoptotic osteocytes (34.5%, p = 0.04) but did not affect the intracellular calcium influx. This study showed the potential of stimulating Piezo1 in enhancing the mechanoresponse of osteocytes to LMHF vibration and further suppressing breast cancer migration via osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Xin Song
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada;
| | - Yaji Ke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Arjun Raha
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; (A.R.); (Y.W.); (F.G.)
| | - Yuning Wu
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; (A.R.); (Y.W.); (F.G.)
| | - Murtaza Wasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Fei Geng
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; (A.R.); (Y.W.); (F.G.)
| | - Lidan You
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.K.)
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada;
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4
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Lahr CA, Landgraf M, Wagner F, Cipitria A, Moreno-Jiménez I, Bas O, Schmutz B, Meinert C, Cavalcanti ADS, Mashimo T, Miyasaka Y, Holzapfel BM, Shafiee A, McGovern JA, Hutmacher DW. A humanised rat model of osteosarcoma reveals ultrastructural differences between bone and mineralised tumour tissue. Bone 2022; 158:116018. [PMID: 34023543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current xenograft animal models fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human bone disease. To gain translatable and clinically valuable data from animal models, new in vivo models need to be developed that mimic pivotal aspects of human bone physiology as well as its diseased state. Above all, an advanced bone disease model should promote the development of new treatment strategies and facilitate the conduction of common clinical interventional procedures. Here we describe the development and characterisation of an orthotopic humanised tissue-engineered osteosarcoma (OS) model in a recently genetically engineered x-linked severe combined immunodeficient (X-SCID) rat. For the first time in a genetically modified rat, our results show the successful implementation of an orthotopic humanised tissue-engineered bone niche supporting the growth of a human OS cell line including its metastatic spread to the lung. Moreover, we studied the inter- and intraspecies differences in ultrastructural composition of bone and calcified tissue produced by the tumour, pointing to the crucial role of humanised animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Lahr
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marietta Landgraf
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Onur Bas
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Beat Schmutz
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Cavalcanti
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Laboratory of Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Jacqui A McGovern
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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5
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Barbanente A, Palazzo B, Esposti LD, Adamiano A, Iafisco M, Ditaranto N, Migoni D, Gervaso F, Nadar R, Ivanchenko P, Leeuwenburgh S, Margiotta N. Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for potential application in bone tumor therapy. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 215:111334. [PMID: 33341588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we have studied the incorporation and release of selenite ions (SeO32-) in hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for the treatment of bone tumors. Two types of selenium-doped hydroxyapatite (HASe) nanoparticles (NPs) with a nominal Se/(P + Se) molar ratio ranging from 0.01 up to 0.40 have been synthesized by a new and mild wet method. The two series of samples were thoroughly characterized and resulted to be slightly different in chemical composition, but they had similar properties in terms of morphology and degree of crystallinity. Selenium release from HASe was investigated under neutral and acidic conditions to simulate both healthy tissues and the low-pH environment surrounding a tumor mass, respectively. The comparison of the release profiles at two pH values clearly showed the possibility of modulating the Se release by simply changing the amount of Se in the HASe particles. The correlation between the physicochemical properties of HASe and their dissolution as a function of pH has been also investigated to facilitate future application of the NPs as chemotherapeutic adjuvant agents. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of HASe was evaluated using prostate (PC3) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells as well as healthy human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSc). HASe NPs exerted a good cytocompatibility at low concentration of Se but, with high Se doping concentration, they displayed strong cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Barbanente
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Palazzo
- Ghimas S.p.A., c/o Distretto Tecnologico High Tech Scarl, Campus Ecotekne, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Degli Esposti
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Robin Nadar
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525, EX, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pavlo Ivanchenko
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sander Leeuwenburgh
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525, EX, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Engineering a Humanised Niche to Support Human Haematopoiesis in Mice: Novel Opportunities in Modelling Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082205. [PMID: 32781703 PMCID: PMC7466161 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the bone marrow microenvironment being widely recognised as a key player in cancer research, the current animal models that represent a human haematopoietic system lack the contribution of the humanised marrow microenvironment. Here we describe a murine model that relies on the combination of an orthotopic humanised tissue-engineered bone construct (ohTEBC) with patient-specific bone marrow (BM) cells to create a humanised bone marrow (hBM) niche capable of supporting the engraftment of human haematopoietic cells. Results showed that this model supports the engraftment of human CD34+ cells from a healthy BM with human haematopoietic cells migrating into the mouse BM, human BM compartment, spleen and peripheral blood. We compared these results with the engraftment capacity of human CD34+ cells obtained from patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We demonstrated that CD34+ cells derived from a diseased BM had a reduced engraftment potential compared to healthy patients and that a higher cell dose is required to achieve engraftment of human haematopoietic cells in peripheral blood. Finally, we observed that hematopoietic cells obtained from the mobilised peripheral blood of patients yields a higher number of CD34+, overcoming this problem. In conclusion, this humanised mouse model has potential as a unique and patient-specific pre-clinical platform for the study of tumour–microenvironment interactions, including human bone and haematopoietic cells, and could, in the future, serve as a drug testing platform.
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7
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Tang L, Gao Y, Song Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Li D, Li J, Liu C, Li F. PAK4 phosphorylating RUNX1 promotes ERα-positive breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone destruction. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2235-2247. [PMID: 32549768 PMCID: PMC7294946 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological function of nuclear PAK4 in ERα-positive breast cancer osteolytic bone destruction remains unclear. Here, we find that the nuclear PAK4 promotes osteoclastogenesis and tumor-induced osteolysis via phosphorylating RUNX1. We show that nuclear PAK4 interacts with and phosphorylates RUNX1 at Thr-207, which induces its localization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and influences direct interaction with SIN3A/HDAC1 and PRMT1. Furthermore, we reveal that RUNX1 phosphorylation by PAK4 at Thr-207 promotes osteolytic bone destruction via targeting downstream genes related to osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Importantly, we verify changes in RUNX1 subcellular localization when nuclear PAK4 is positive in breast cancer bone metastasis tissues. Functionally, we demonstrate that RUNX1 phosphorylation promotes osteolytic bone maturation and ERα-positive breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone damage in the mouse model of orthotopic breast cancer bone metastasis. Our results suggest PAK4 can be a therapeutic target for ERα-positive breast cancer osteolytic bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunling Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongqi Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
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8
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Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Suppresses Migration of Bone-Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells via OPN-FAK/ERK/NF- κB Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3573240. [PMID: 32351594 PMCID: PMC7171636 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3573240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata is a couplet of medicinal that has been commonly used to treat inflammation-related diseases and various types of tumors. However, the effect of this couplet on tumor cell migration has not been elucidated. With the aid of MCF-7-BOM, a bone-metastatic subline of ER + breast cancer MCF-7, we showed that ethyl acetate fraction extracted at an equal weight ratio of Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata (EA11) inhibited cell migration of MCF-7-BOM in a concentration-dependent manner. To define the underlying molecular mechanism, we revealed that EA11 reduced the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and interfered with the FAK/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways, which are both critical for breast cancer bone metastasis. This study strongly suggested EA11 may represent a potential therapeutic agent against bone metastasis of breast cancer.
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Landgraf M, Lahr CA, Sanchez-Herrero A, Meinert C, Shokoohmand A, Pollock PM, Hutmacher DW, Shafiee A, McGovern JA. Humanized bone facilitates prostate cancer metastasis and recapitulates therapeutic effects of zoledronic acid in vivo. Bone Res 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 31646018 PMCID: PMC6804745 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is known for its high prevalence to metastasize to bone, at which point it is considered incurable. Despite significant effort, there is no animal model capable of recapitulating the complexity of PCa bone metastasis. The humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis used in this study aims to provide a platform for the assessment of new drugs by recapitulating the human-human cell interactions relevant for disease development and progression. The humanized tissue-engineered bone construct (hTEBC) was created within NOD-scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mice and was used for the study of experimental PC3-Luc bone metastases. It was confirmed that PC3-Luc cells preferentially grew in the hTEBC compared with murine bone. The translational potential of the humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis was evaluated with two clinically approved osteoprotective therapies, the non-species-specific bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) or the human-specific antibody Denosumab, both targeting Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand. ZA, but not Denosumab, significantly decreased metastases in hTEBCs, but not murine femora. These results highlight the importance of humanized models for the preclinical research on PCa bone metastasis and indicate the potential of the bioengineered mouse model to closely mimic the metastatic cascade of PCa cells to human bone. Eventually, it will enable the development of new effective antimetastatic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Landgraf
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christoph A. Lahr
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Herrero
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela M. Pollock
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Jacqui A. McGovern
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Lahr CA, Wagner F, Shafiee A, Rudert M, Hutmacher DW, Holzapfel BM. Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Exerts Osteo-Catabolic Effects on Bone Grafts That Outweigh Its Osteo-Anabolic Capacity. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:331-340. [PMID: 31214730 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-7) on human cancellous bone grafts (BGs) while differentiating between anabolic and catabolic events. Human BGs alone or supplemented with rhBMP-7 were harvested 14 weeks after subcutaneous implantation into NOD/Scid mice, and studied via micro-CT, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining for human-specific proteins made it possible to differentiate between grafted human bone and newly formed murine bone. Only BGs implanted with rhBMP-7 formed an ossicle containing a functional hematopoietic compartment. The total ossicle volume in the BMP+ group was higher than in the BMP- group (835 mm3 vs. 365 mm3, respectively, p < 0.001). The BMP+ group showed larger BM spaces (0.47 mm vs. 0.28 mm, p = 0.002) and lower bone volume-to-total volume ratio (31% vs. 47%, p = 0.002). Immunohistochemical staining for human-specific proteins confirmed a higher ratio of newly formed bone area (murine) to total area (0.12 vs. 0.001, p < 0.001) in the BMP+ group, while the ratio of grafted bone (human) area to total area was smaller (0.14 vs. 0.34, p = 0.004). The results demonstrate that rhBMP-7 induces BG resorption at a higher rate than new bone formation while creating a haematopoietic niche. Clinicians therefore need to consider the net catabolic effect when rhBMP-7 is used with BGs. Overall, this model indicates its promising application to further decipher BMPs action on BGs and its potential in complex bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Lahr
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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11
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Wang S, Li GX, Tan CC, He R, Kang LJ, Lu JT, Li XQ, Wang QS, Liu PF, Zhai QL, Feng YM. FOXF2 reprograms breast cancer cells into bone metastasis seeds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2707. [PMID: 31222004 PMCID: PMC6586905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in most advanced breast cancer patients and cause serious skeletal-related complications. The mechanisms by which bone metastasis seeds develop in primary tumors and specifically colonize the bone remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) functions as a master transcription factor for reprogramming cancer cells into an osteomimetic phenotype by pleiotropic transactivation of the BMP4/SMAD1 signaling pathway and bone-related genes that are expressed at early stages of bone differentiation. The epithelial-to-osteomimicry transition regulated by FOXF2 confers a tendency on cancer cells to metastasize to bone which leads to osteolytic bone lesions. The BMP antagonist Noggin significantly inhibits FOXF2-driven osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Thus, targeting the FOXF2-BMP/SMAD axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage bone metastasis. The role of FOXF2 in transactivating bone-related genes implies a biological function of FOXF2 in regulating bone development and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Gui-Xi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Cong-Cong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li-Juan Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jun-Tao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qing-Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pei-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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12
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Wagner F, Holzapfel BM, Martine LC, McGovern J, Lahr CA, Boxberg M, Prodinger PM, Grässel S, Loessner D, Hutmacher DW. A humanized bone microenvironment uncovers HIF2 alpha as a latent marker for osteosarcoma. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:372-381. [PMID: 30836200 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The quest for predictive tumor markers for osteosarcoma (OS) has not well progressed over the last two decades due to a lack of preclinical models. The aim of this study was to investigate if microenvironmental modifications in an original humanized in vivo model alter the expression of OS tumor markers. Human bone micro-chips and bone marrow, harvested during hip arthroplasty, were implanted at the flanks of NOD/scid mice. We administered recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) in human bone micro-chips/bone marrow group I in order to modulate bone matrix and bone marrow humanization. Ten weeks post-implantation, human Luc-SAOS-2 OS cells were injected into the humanized tissue-engineered bone organs (hTEBOs). Tumors were harvested 5 weeks post-implantation to determine the expression of the previously described OS markers ezrin, periostin, VEGF, HIF1α and HIF2α. Representation of these proteins was analyzed in two different OS patient cohorts. Ezrin was downregulated in OS in hTEBOs with rhBMP-7, whereas HIF2α was significantly upregulated in comparison to hTEBOs without rhBMP-7. The expression of periostin, VEGF and HIF1α did not differ significantly between both groups. HIF2α was consistently present in OS patients and dependent on tumor site and clinical stage. OS patients post-chemotherapy had suppressed levels of HIF2α. In conclusion, we demonstrated the overall expression of OS-related factors in a preclinical model, which is based on a humanized bone organ. Our preclinical research results and analysis of two comprehensive patient cohorts imply that HIF2α is a potential prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of the humanized organ bone microenvironment in osteosarcoma research and validates the expression of tumor markers, especially HIF2α. The convergence of clinically proven bone engineering concepts for the development of humanized mice models is a new starting point for investigations of OS-related marker expression. The validation and first data set in such a model let one conclude that further clinical studies on the role of HIF2α as a prognostic marker and its potential as therapeutic target is a condition sine qua non.
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13
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Emerging and Established Models of Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060176. [PMID: 29865211 PMCID: PMC6024970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death and drives patient morbidity as well as healthcare costs. Bone is the primary site of metastasis for several cancers—breast and prostate cancers in particular. Efforts to treat bone metastases have been stymied by a lack of models to study the progression, cellular players, and signaling pathways driving bone metastasis. In this review, we examine newly described and classic models of bone metastasis. Through the use of current in vivo, microfluidic, and in silico computational bone metastasis models we may eventually understand how cells escape the primary tumor and how these circulating tumor cells then home to and colonize the bone marrow. Further, future models may uncover how cells enter and then escape dormancy to develop into overt metastases. Recreating the metastatic process will lead to the discovery of therapeutic targets for disrupting and treating bone metastasis.
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14
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15
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Sulaiman A, Wang L. Bridging the divide: preclinical research discrepancies between triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and patient tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113269-113281. [PMID: 29348905 PMCID: PMC5762590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most refractory subtype of breast cancer and disproportionately accounts for the majority of breast cancer related deaths. Effective treatment of this disease remains an unmet medical need. Over the past several decades, TNBC cell lines have been used as the foundation for drug development and disease modeling. However, ever-mounting research demonstrates striking differences between cell lines and clinical TNBC tumors, disconnecting bench research and actual clinical responses. In this review, we discuss the limitations of cell lines and the importance of using patients' tumors for translational research, and highlight the usage of patient-derived xenograft (PDXs) models that have emerged as a clinically relevant platform for preclinical studies. PDX tumors possess tumor heterogeneity with similar cellular, molecular, genetic and epigenetic properties akin to those found within patients' tumors. Moreover, PDX and clinical tumors possess abnormal vasculature with higher blood vessel permeability, a feature that is not always demonstrated in in vivo cell line xenografts. Development of clinically relevant, novel drug-nanoparticles capable of accumulating in PDX tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect in tumor vasculature may lead to new and effective TNBC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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16
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Quent VMC, Taubenberger AV, Reichert JC, Martine LC, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW, Loessner D. A humanised tissue‐engineered bone model allows species‐specific breast cancer‐related bone metastasis in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:494-504. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VMC Quent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin‐Luther‐Krankenhaus Charité Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - AV Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center Dresden Technical University of Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - JC Reichert
- Department of Orthopedics and Accident Surgery, Waldkrankenhaus Protestant Hospital Charité Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - LC Martine
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
| | - JA Clements
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—–Queensland, Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
| | - DW Hutmacher
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—–Queensland, Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
- Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München Garching Germany
| | - D Loessner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
- Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
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17
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Angeloni V, Contessi N, De Marco C, Bertoldi S, Tanzi MC, Daidone MG, Farè S. Polyurethane foam scaffold as in vitro model for breast cancer bone metastasis. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:306-316. [PMID: 28927931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents the most incident cancer case in women (29%), with high mortality rate. Bone metastasis occurs in 20-50% cases and, despite advances in BC research, the interactions between tumor cells and the metastatic microenvironment are still poorly understood. In vitro 3D models gained great interest in cancer research, thanks to the reproducibility, the 3D spatial cues and associated low costs, compared to in vivo and 2D in vitro models. In this study, we investigated the suitability of a poly-ether-urethane (PU) foam as 3D in vitro model to study the interactions between BC tumor-initiating cells and the bone microenvironment. PU foam open porosity (>70%) appeared suitable to mimic trabecular bone structure. The PU foam showed good mechanical properties under cyclic compression (E=69-109kPa), even if lower than human trabecular bone. The scaffold supported osteoblast SAOS-2 cell line proliferation, with no cytotoxic effects. Human adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) were cultured and differentiated into osteoblast lineage on the PU foam, as shown by alizarin red staining and RT-PCR, thus offering a bone biomimetic microenvironment to the further co-culture with BC derived tumor-initiating cells (MCFS). Tumor aggregates were observed after three weeks of co-culture by e-cadherin staining and SEM; modification in CaP distribution was identified by SEM-EDX and associated to the presence of tumor cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated the suitability of the PU foam to reproduce a bone biomimetic microenvironment, useful for the co-culture of human osteoblasts/BC tumor-initiating cells and to investigate their interaction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 3D in vitro models represent an outstanding alternative in the study of tumor metastases development, compared to traditional 2D in vitro cultures, which oversimplify the 3D tissue microenvironment, and in vivo studies, affected by low reproducibility and ethical issues. Several scaffold-based 3D in vitro models have been proposed to recapitulate the development of metastases in different body sites but, still, the crucial challenge is to correctly mimic the tissue to be modelled in terms of physical, mechanical and biological properties. Here, we prove the suitability of a porous polyurethane foam, synthesized using an appropriate formulaton, in mimicking the bone tissue microenvironment and in reproducing the metastatic colonization derived from human breast cancer, particularly evidencing the devastating effects on the bone extracellular matrix caused by metastatic spreading.
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18
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Passaro D, Abarrategi A, Foster K, Ariza-McNaughton L, Bonnet D. Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging. J Vis Exp 2017:55914. [PMID: 28809828 PMCID: PMC5613813 DOI: 10.3791/55914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche, an intricate, multifactorial network of components producing cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix. The ability of HSCs to remain quiescent, self-renew or differentiate, and acquire mutations and become malignant depends upon the complex interactions they establish with different stromal components. To observe the crosstalk between human HSCs and the human BM niche in physiological and pathological conditions, we designed a protocol to ectopically model and image a humanized BM niche in immunodeficient mice. We show that the use of different cellular components allows for the formation of humanized structures and the opportunity to sustain long-term human hematopoietic engraftment. Using two-photon microscopy, we can live-image these structures in situ at the single-cell resolution, providing a powerful new tool for the functional characterization of the human BM microenvironment and its role in regulating normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Passaro
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute
| | - Katie Foster
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute
| | | | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute;
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19
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Narkhede AA, Shevde LA, Rao SS. Biomimetic strategies to recapitulate organ specific microenvironments for studying breast cancer metastasis. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1091-1109. [PMID: 28439901 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progression of breast cancer from the primary tumor setting to the metastatic setting is the critical event defining Stage IV disease, no longer considered curable. The microenvironment at specific organ sites is known to play a key role in influencing the ultimate fate of metastatic cells; yet microenvironmental mediated-molecular mechanisms underlying organ specific metastasis in breast cancer are not well understood. This review discusses biomimetic strategies employed to recapitulate metastatic organ microenvironments, particularly, bone, liver, lung and brain to elucidate the mechanisms dictating metastatic breast cancer cell homing and colonization. These biomimetic strategies include in vitro techniques such as biomaterial-based co-culturing techniques, microfluidics, organ-mimetic chips, bioreactor technologies, and decellularized matrices as well as cutting edge in vivo techniques to better understand the interactions between metastatic breast cancer cells and the stroma at the metastatic site. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are discussed. In addition, how creation of biomimetic models will impact breast cancer metastasis research and their broad utility is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay A Narkhede
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
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20
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Martine LC, Holzapfel BM, McGovern JA, Wagner F, Quent VM, Hesami P, Wunner FM, Vaquette C, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Brown TD, Nowlan B, Wu DJ, Hutmacher CO, Moi D, Oussenko T, Piccinini E, Zandstra PW, Mazzieri R, Lévesque JP, Dalton PD, Taubenberger AV, Hutmacher DW. Engineering a humanized bone organ model in mice to study bone metastases. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:639-663. [PMID: 28253234 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current in vivo models for investigating human primary bone tumors and cancer metastasis to the bone rely on the injection of human cancer cells into the mouse skeleton. This approach does not mimic species-specific mechanisms occurring in human diseases and may preclude successful clinical translation. We have developed a protocol to engineer humanized bone within immunodeficient hosts, which can be adapted to study the interactions between human cancer cells and a humanized bone microenvironment in vivo. A researcher trained in the principles of tissue engineering will be able to execute the protocol and yield study results within 4-6 months. Additive biomanufactured scaffolds seeded and cultured with human bone-forming cells are implanted ectopically in combination with osteogenic factors into mice to generate a physiological bone 'organ', which is partially humanized. The model comprises human bone cells and secreted extracellular matrix (ECM); however, other components of the engineered tissue, such as the vasculature, are of murine origin. The model can be further humanized through the engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that can lead to human hematopoiesis within the murine host. The humanized organ bone model has been well characterized and validated and allows dissection of some of the mechanisms of the bone metastatic processes in prostate and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure C Martine
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqui A McGovern
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics for the University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena M Quent
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Parisa Hesami
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felix M Wunner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Toby D Brown
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bianca Nowlan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dan Jing Wu
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Davide Moi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tatiana Oussenko
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elia Piccinini
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna V Taubenberger
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Biotec TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
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21
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Hanna C, Kwok L, Finlay-Schultz J, Sartorius CA, Cittelly DM. Labeling of Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenografts with Traceable Reporters for Tumor Growth and Metastasis Studies. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27929464 DOI: 10.3791/54944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of preclinical models to study tumor biology and response to treatment is central to cancer research. Long-established human cell lines, and many transgenic mouse models, often fail to recapitulate the key aspects of human malignancies. Thus, alternative models that better represent the heterogeneity of patients' tumors and their metastases are being developed. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in which surgically resected tumor samples are engrafted into immunocompromised mice have become an attractive alternative as they can be transplanted through multiple generations,and more efficiently reflect tumor heterogeneity than xenografts derived from human cancer cell lines. A limitation to the use of PDXs is that they are difficult to transfect or transduce to introduce traceable reporters or to manipulate gene expression. The current protocol describes methods to transduce dissociated tumor cells from PDXs with high transduction efficiency, and the use of labeled PDXs for experimental models of breast cancer metastases. The protocol also demonstrates the use of labeled PDXs in experimental metastasis models to study the organ-colonization process of the metastatic cascade. Metastases to different organs can be easily visualized and quantified using bioluminescent imaging in live animals, or GFP expression during dissection and in excised organs. These methods provide a powerful tool to extend the use of multiple types of PDXs to metastasis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Hanna
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Letty Kwok
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jessica Finlay-Schultz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Diana M Cittelly
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus;
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22
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Wagner F, Holzapfel BM, Thibaudeau L, Straub M, Ling MT, Grifka J, Loessner D, Lévesque JP, Hutmacher DW. A Validated Preclinical Animal Model for Primary Bone Tumor Research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:916-25. [PMID: 27252436 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.15.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the introduction of 21st-century surgical and neoadjuvant treatment modalities, survival of patients with osteosarcoma (OS) has not improved in two decades. Advances will depend in part on the development of clinically relevant and reliable animal models. This report describes the engineering and validation of a humanized tissue-engineered bone organ (hTEBO) for preclinical research on primary bone tumors in order to minimize false-positive and false-negative results due to interspecies differences in current xenograft models. METHODS Pelvic bone and marrow fragments were harvested from patients during reaming of the acetabulum during hip arthroplasty. HTEBOs were engineered by embedding fragments in a fibrin matrix containing bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and implanted into NOD-scid mice. After 10 weeks of subcutaneous growth, one group of hTEBOs was harvested to analyze the degree of humanization. A second group was injected with human luciferase-labeled OS (Luc-SAOS-2) cells. Tumor growth was followed in vivo with bioluminescence imaging. After 5 weeks, the OS tumors were harvested and analyzed. They were also compared with tumors created via intratibial injection. RESULTS After 10 weeks of in vivo growth, a new bone organ containing human bone matrix as well as viable and functional human hematopoietic cells developed. Five weeks after injection of Luc-SAOS-2 cells into this humanized bone microenvironment, spontaneous metastatic spread to the lung was evident. Relevant prognostic markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and periostin were found to be positive in OS tumors grown within the humanized microenvironment but not in tumors created in murine tibial bones. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-2α (HIF-2α) was detected only in the humanized OS. CONCLUSIONS We report an in vivo model that contains human bone matrix and marrow components in one organ. BMP-7 made it possible to maintain viable mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells and created a bone microenvironment mimicking human physiology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This novel platform enables preclinical research on primary bone tumors in order to test new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Wagner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Department of Orthopedics, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, University of Regensburg, Bad Abbach, Germany Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laure Thibaudeau
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ming-Tat Ling
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopedics, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, University of Regensburg, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group-Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Loessner D, Meinert C, Kaemmerer E, Martine LC, Yue K, Levett PA, Klein TJ, Melchels FPW, Khademhosseini A, Hutmacher DW. Functionalization, preparation and use of cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl–based hydrogels as modular tissue culture platforms. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:727-46. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Holzapfel BM, Wagner F, Thibaudeau L, Levesque JP, Hutmacher DW. Concise review: humanized models of tumor immunology in the 21st century: convergence of cancer research and tissue engineering. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1696-704. [PMID: 25694194 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite positive testing in animal studies, more than 80% of novel drug candidates fail to proof their efficacy when tested in humans. This is primarily due to the use of preclinical models that are not able to recapitulate the physiological or pathological processes in humans. Hence, one of the key challenges in the field of translational medicine is to "make the model organism mouse more human." To get answers to questions that would be prognostic of outcomes in human medicine, the mouse's genome can be altered in order to create a more permissive host that allows the engraftment of human cell systems. It has been shown in the past that these strategies can improve our understanding of tumor immunology. However, the translational benefits of these platforms have still to be proven. In the 21st century, several research groups and consortia around the world take up the challenge to improve our understanding of how to humanize the animal's genetic code, its cells and, based on tissue engineering principles, its extracellular microenvironment, its tissues, or entire organs with the ultimate goal to foster the translation of new therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. This article provides an overview of the state of the art of humanized models of tumor immunology and highlights future developments in the field such as the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies to further enhance humanized murine model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Laure Thibaudeau
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching, Munich, Germany
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25
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Development of nanotheranostics against metastatic breast cancer--A focus on the biology & mechanistic approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1897-911. [PMID: 26454168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for metastatic breast cancer still remains to be a challenge since the currently available diagnostic and treatment strategies fail to detect the micro-metastasis resulting in higher mortality rate. Moreover, the lack of specificity to target circulating tumor cells is also a factor. In addition, currently available imaging modalities to identify the secondaries vary with respect to various metastatic anatomic areas and size of the tumor. The drawbacks associated with the existing clinical management of the metastatic breast cancer demands the requirement of multifunctional nanotheranostics, which could diagnose at macro- and microscopic level, target the solid as well as circulating tumor cells and control further progression with the simultaneous evaluation of treatment response in a single platform. However, without the understanding of the biology as well as preferential homing ability of circulating tumor cells at distant organs, it is quite impossible to address the existing challenges in the present diagnostics and therapeutics against the breast cancer metastasis. Hence this review outlines the severity of the problem, basic biology and organ specificity with the sequential steps for the secondary progression of disease followed by the various mechanistic approaches in diagnosis and therapy at different stages.
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26
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Horas K, Zheng Y, Zhou H, Seibel MJ. Animal Models for Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone: Opportunities and Limitations. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:459-68. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1065500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Holzapfel BM, Hutmacher DW, Nowlan B, Barbier V, Thibaudeau L, Theodoropoulos C, Hooper JD, Loessner D, Clements JA, Russell PJ, Pettit AR, Winkler IG, Levesque JP. Tissue engineered humanized bone supports human hematopoiesis in vivo. Biomaterials 2015; 61:103-14. [PMID: 26001075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue-engineering have resulted in a versatile tool-box to specifically design a tailored microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in order to study diseases that develop within this setting. However, most current in vivo models fail to recapitulate the biological processes seen in humans. Here we describe a highly reproducible method to engineer humanized bone constructs that are able to recapitulate the morphological features and biological functions of the HSC niches. Ectopic implantation of biodegradable composite scaffolds cultured for 4 weeks with human mesenchymal progenitor cells and loaded with rhBMP-7 resulted in the development of a chimeric bone organ including a large number of human mesenchymal cells which were shown to be metabolically active and capable of establishing a humanized microenvironment supportive of the homing and maintenance of human HSCs. A syngeneic mouse-to-mouse transplantation assay was used to prove the functionality of the tissue-engineered ossicles. We predict that the ability to tissue engineer a morphologically intact and functional large-volume bone organ with a humanized bone marrow compartment will help to further elucidate physiological or pathological interactions between human HSCs and their native niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris M Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia; Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bianca Nowlan
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Valerie Barbier
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laure Thibaudeau
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christina Theodoropoulos
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia; Cells and Tissue Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Bones and Immunology Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Brisbane, Australia.
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28
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Templeton ZS, Bachmann MH, Alluri RV, Maloney WJ, Contag CH, King BL. Methods for culturing human femur tissue explants to study breast cancer cell colonization of the metastatic niche. J Vis Exp 2015:52656. [PMID: 25867136 PMCID: PMC4401351 DOI: 10.3791/52656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis. Although it is widely accepted that the microenvironment influences cancer cell behavior, little is known about breast cancer cell properties and behaviors within the native microenvironment of human bone tissue.We have developed approaches to track, quantify and modulate human breast cancer cells within the microenvironment of cultured human bone tissue fragments isolated from discarded femoral heads following total hip replacement surgeries. Using breast cancer cells engineered for luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression, we are able to reproducibly quantitate migration and proliferation patterns using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), track cell interactions within the bone fragments using fluorescence microscopy, and evaluate breast cells after colonization with flow cytometry. The key advantages of this model include: 1) a native, architecturally intact tissue microenvironment that includes relevant human cell types, and 2) direct access to the microenvironment, which facilitates rapid quantitative and qualitative monitoring and perturbation of breast and bone cell properties, behaviors and interactions. A primary limitation, at present, is the finite viability of the tissue fragments, which confines the window of study to short-term culture. Applications of the model system include studying the basic biology of breast cancer and other bone-seeking malignancies within the metastatic niche, and developing therapeutic strategies to effectively target breast cancer cells in bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajiv V Alluri
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - William J Maloney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Bonnie L King
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine;
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Choi SYC, Lin D, Gout PW, Collins CC, Xu Y, Wang Y. Lessons from patient-derived xenografts for better in vitro modeling of human cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:222-37. [PMID: 25305336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel cancer therapeutics is often plagued by discrepancies between drug efficacies obtained in preclinical studies and outcomes of clinical trials. The inconsistencies can be attributed to a lack of clinical relevance of the cancer models used for drug testing. While commonly used in vitro culture systems are advantageous for addressing specific experimental questions, they are often gross, fidelity-lacking simplifications that largely ignore the heterogeneity of cancers as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Factors such as tumor architecture, interactions among cancer cells and between cancer and stromal cells, and an acidic tumor microenvironment are critical characteristics observed in patient-derived cancer xenograft models and in the clinic. By mimicking these crucial in vivo characteristics through use of 3D cultures, co-culture systems and acidic culture conditions, an in vitro cancer model/microenvironment that is more physiologically relevant may be engineered to produce results more readily applicable to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Yiu Chuen Choi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Peter W Gout
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Colin C Collins
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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30
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Leong DT, Ng KW. Probing the relevance of 3D cancer models in nanomedicine research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:95-106. [PMID: 24996135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, 2D cell culture format on plastic has been the main workhorse in cancer research. Though many important understandings of cancer cell biology were derived using this platform, it is not a fair representation of the in vivo scenario. In this review, both established and new 3D cell culture systems are discussed with specific references to anti-cancer drug and nanomedicine applications. 3D culture systems exploit more realistic spatial, biochemical and cellular heterogeneity parameters to bridge the experimental gap between in vivo and in vitro settings when studying the performance and efficacy of novel nanomedicine strategies to manage cancer. However, the complexities associated with 3D culture systems also necessitate greater technical expertise in handling and characterizing in order to arrive at meaningful experimental conclusions. Finally, we have also provided future perspectives where cutting edge 3D culture technologies may be combined with under-explored technologies to build better in vitro cancer platforms.
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31
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Lynch ME, Fischbach C. Biomechanical forces in the skeleton and their relevance to bone metastasis: biology and engineering considerations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:119-34. [PMID: 25174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis represents the leading cause of breast cancer related-deaths. However, the effect of skeleton-associated biomechanical signals on the initiation, progression, and therapy response of breast cancer bone metastasis is largely unknown. This review seeks to highlight possible functional connections between skeletal mechanical signals and breast cancer bone metastasis and their contribution to clinical outcome. It provides an introduction to the physical and biological signals underlying bone functional adaptation and discusses the modulatory roles of mechanical loading and breast cancer metastasis in this process. Following a definition of biophysical design criteria, in vitro and in vivo approaches from the fields of bone biomechanics and tissue engineering that may be suitable to investigate breast cancer bone metastasis as a function of varied mechano-signaling will be reviewed. Finally, an outlook of future opportunities and challenges associated with this newly emerging field will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, USA.
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