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Mensah E, Tabrizchi R, Daneshtalab N. Pharmacognosy and Effects of Cannabinoids in the Vascular System. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1034-1049. [PMID: 36407955 PMCID: PMC9667477 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids is an essential subject due to the recent increasing global acceptance of cannabis and its derivation for recreational and therapeutic purposes. Elucidating the interaction between cannabinoids and the vascular system is critical to exploring cannabinoids as a prospective therapeutic agent for treating vascular-associated clinical conditions. This review aims to examine the effect of cannabinoids on the vascular system and further discuss the fundamental pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action of cannabinoids in the vascular system. Data from literature revealed a substantial interaction between endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids within the vasculature of both humans and animal models. However, the mechanisms and the ensuing functional response is blood vessels and species-dependent. The current understanding of classical cannabinoid receptor subtypes and the recently discovered atypical cannabinoid receptors and the development of new synthetic analogs have further enhanced the pharmacological characterization of the vascular cannabinoid receptors. Compelling evidence also suggest that cannabinoids represent a formidable therapeutic candidate for vascular-associated conditions. Nonetheless, explanations of the mechanisms underlining these processes are complex and paradoxical based on the heterogeneity of receptors and signaling pathways. Further insight from studies that uncover the mechanisms underlining the therapeutic effect of cannabinoids in the treatment of vascular-associated conditions is required to determine whether the known benefits of cannabinoids thus currently outweigh the known/unknown risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mensah
- Faculty
of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Reza Tabrizchi
- Faculty
of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Noriko Daneshtalab
- School
of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland
and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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2
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Laudanski K, Wain J. Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030558. [PMID: 35160010 PMCID: PMC8836924 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased usage of recreational and medically indicated cannabinoid compounds has been an undeniable reality for anesthesiologists in recent years. These compounds’ complicated pharmacology, composition, and biological effects result in challenging issues for anesthesiologists during different phases of perioperative care. Here, we review the existing formulation of cannabinoids and their biological activity to put them into the context of the anesthesia plan execution. Perioperative considerations should include a way to gauge the patient’s intake of cannabinoids, the ability to gain consent properly, and vigilance to the increased risk of pulmonary and airway problems. Intraoperative management in individuals with cannabinoid use is complicated by the effects cannabinoids have on general anesthetics and depth of anesthesia monitoring while simultaneously increasing the potential occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Postoperative planning should involve higher vigilance to the risk of postoperative strokes and acute coronary syndromes. However, most of the data are not up to date, rending definite conclusions on the importance of perioperative cannabinoid intake on anesthesia management difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Justin Wain
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
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Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Harasim-Symbor E, Biernacki M, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Beneficial Changes in Rat Vascular Endocannabinoid System in Primary Hypertension and under Treatment with Chronic Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase by URB597. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4833. [PMID: 34063297 PMCID: PMC8125657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the effects of hypertension and the chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on vascular function and the endocannabinoid system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Functional studies were performed on small mesenteric G3 arteries (sMA) and aortas isolated from SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) treated with URB597 (1 mg/kg; twice daily for 14 days). In the aortas and sMA of SHR, endocannabinoid levels and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression were elevated. The CB1R antagonist AM251 diminished the methanandamide-evoked relaxation only in the sMA of SHR and enhanced the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the thromboxane analog U46619 in sMA in SHR and WKY. In the sMA of SHR, URB597 elevated anandamide levels, improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and in the presence of AM251 reduced the vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and enhanced the vasodilatation to methanandamide, and tended to reduce hypertrophy. In the aortas, URB597 elevated endocannabinoid levels improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and decreased CB1R expression. Our study showed that hypertension and chronic administration of URB597 caused local, resistance artery-specific beneficial alterations in the vascular endocannabinoid system, which may bring further advantages for therapeutic application of pharmacological inhibition of FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
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Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Karpińska O, Toczek M, Harasim E, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Protective role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and vascular effects of chronic administration of FAAH inhibitor URB597 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2016; 151:288-299. [PMID: 26969765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined whether the fall in blood pressure (BP) induced by the chronic inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) by URB597 in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats correlates with endocannabinoid-mediated vascular changes. MAIN METHODS Functional studies were performed in isolated endothelium-intact aortas and small mesenteric arteries (sMAs) using organ bath technique and wire myography, respectively. KEY FINDINGS In the DOCA-salt rats, methanandamide-stimulated relaxation was enhanced in sMAs or diminished in aortas. Its vasorelaxant effect in sMAs was sensitive to the antagonist of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), capsazepine, in normo- and hypertensive animals and to the antagonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors, AM6545, only in DOCA-salt rats. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors were up-regulated merely in DOCA-salt sMAs. URB597 decreased elevated BP in DOCA-salt rats, medial hypertrophy in DOCA-salt aortas. In sMAs it reduced FAAH expression and restored the augmented phenylephrine-induced contraction in the DOCA-salt rats to the level obtained in normotensive controls. In normotensive rats it diminished endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. SIGNIFICANCE The study showed the protective role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in DOCA-salt sMAs. Reduction in BP after chronic administration of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats only partially correlates with structural and functional changes in conductance and resistance vessels, respectively. Caution should be taken in studying cannabinoids and FAAH inhibitors as potential therapeutics, because of their vessel- and model-specific activities, and side effects connected with off-target response and activation of alternative pathways of anandamide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Olga Karpińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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5
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Bondarenko AI. Endothelial atypical cannabinoid receptor: do we have enough evidence? Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5573-88. [PMID: 25073723 PMCID: PMC4290703 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids and their synthetic analogues affect a broad range of physiological functions, including cardiovascular variables. Although direct evidence is still missing, the relaxation of a vast range of vascular beds induced by cannabinoids is believed to involve a still unidentified non-CB1 , non-CB2 Gi/o protein-coupled receptor located on endothelial cells, the so called endothelial cannabinoid receptor (eCB receptor). Evidence for the presence of an eCB receptor comes mainly from vascular relaxation studies, which commonly employ pertussis toxin as an indicator for GPCR-mediated signalling. In addition, a pharmacological approach is widely used to attribute the relaxation to eCB receptors. Recent findings have indicated a number of GPCR-independent targets for both agonists and antagonists of the presumed eCB receptor, warranting further investigations and cautious interpretation of the vascular relaxation studies. This review will provide a brief historical overview on the proposed novel eCB receptor, drawing attention to the discrepancies between the studies on the pharmacological profile of the eCB receptor and highlighting the Gi/o protein-independent actions of the eCB receptor inhibitors widely used as selective compounds. As the eCB receptor represents an attractive pharmacological target for a number of cardiovascular abnormalities, defining its molecular identity and the extent of its regulation of vascular function will have important implications for drug discovery. This review highlights the need to re-evaluate this subject in a thoughtful and rigorous fashion. More studies are needed to differentiate Gi/o protein-dependent endothelial cannabinoid signalling from that involving the classical CB1 and CB2 receptors as well as its relevance for pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Bondarenko
- Circulatory Physiology Department, O.O.Bogomoletz Institute of PhysiologyKiev, Ukraine
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
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Sánchez-Pastor E, Andrade F, Sánchez-Pastor JM, Elizalde A, Huerta M, Virgen-Ortiz A, Trujillo X, Rodríguez-Hernández A. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 activation by arachidonylcyclopropylamide in rat aortic rings causes vasorelaxation involving calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 and calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 729:100-6. [PMID: 24561046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are key regulators of vascular tone, some of the mechanisms involved include the activation of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB); the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1); and non-(CB(1))/non-CB2 receptors. Here, we used the potent, selective CB(1) agonist arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) to elucidate the mechanism underlying vascular tone regulation. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy revealed that CB(1) was expressed in smooth muscle and endothelial cells in rat aorta. We performed isometric tension recordings in aortic rings that had been pre-contracted with phenylephrine. In these conditions, ACPA caused vasorelaxation in an endothelium-independent manner. To confirm that the effect of ACPA was mediated by CB(1) receptor, we repeated the experiment after blocking these receptors with a selective antagonist, AM281. In these conditions, ACPA did not cause vasorelaxation. We explored the role of K(+) channels in the effect of ACPA by applying high-K(+) solution to induce contraction in aortic rings. In these conditions, the ACPA-induced vasorelaxation was about half that observed with phenylephrine-induced contraction. Thus, K(+) channels were involved in the ACPA effect. Furthermore, the vasorelaxation effect was similarly reduced when we specifically blocked calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 (KCa1.1) (MaxiK; BKCa) prior to adding ACPA. Finally, ACPA-induced vasorelaxation was also diminished when we specifically blocked the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (Ca(v)1.2). These results showed that ACPA activation of CB(1) in smooth muscle caused vasorelaxation of aortic rings through a mechanism involving the activation of K(Ca)1.1 and the inhibition of Ca(v)1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sánchez-Pastor
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio No. 965, Apdo. Postal No. 11, CP 28040 Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - F Andrade
- Instituto Tecnológico de Colima, Avenida Tecnológico No. 1, CP 28976 Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - J M Sánchez-Pastor
- Instituto Tecnológico de Colima, Avenida Tecnológico No. 1, CP 28976 Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - A Elizalde
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio No. 965, Apdo. Postal No. 11, CP 28040 Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - M Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio No. 965, Apdo. Postal No. 11, CP 28040 Colima, Colima, Mexico.
| | - A Virgen-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Unidad Regional Sur, Campus Navojoa, Universidad de Sonora, Lázaro Cárdenas No. 100, Colonia Francisco Villa, CP 85800 Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - X Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio No. 965, Apdo. Postal No. 11, CP 28040 Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - A Rodríguez-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Las Víboras, 28040 Colima, Colima, Mexico
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