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Induction of the ER stress response in NRVMs is linked to cardiotoxicity caused by celastrol. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1180-1192. [PMID: 35983978 PMCID: PMC9827806 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol is a quinone methide triterpenoid extracted from the root bark of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and it exhibits extensive biological activities such as anti-cancer effects. However, narrow therapeutic window together with undesired side effects limit its clinical application. In this study, we explore celastrol's cardiotoxicity using the methods of histology and cell biology. The results show that celastrol administration dose-dependently induces cardiac dysfunction in mice as manifested by left ventricular dilation, myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Exposure to celastrol greatly decreases neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) viability and promotes its apoptosis. More importantly, we demonstrate that celastrol exerts its pro-apoptotic effects through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response. Furthermore, siRNA targeting C/EBP homologous protein, a pivotal component of ER stress-mediated apoptosis, effectively prevents the pro-apoptotic effect of celastrol. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential cardiotoxicity of celastrol and a direct involvement of ER stress in the celastrol-induced apoptosis of NRVMs. Thus, we recommend careful evaluation of celastrol's cardiovascular effects when using it in the clinic.
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Pandey S, Kuo CH, Chen WST, Yeh YL, Kuo WW, Chen RJ, Day CH, Pai PY, Ho TJ, Huang CY. Perturbed ER homeostasis by IGF-IIRα promotes cardiac damage under stresses. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:143-152. [PMID: 34586566 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a very dynamic pumping organ working perpetually to maintain a constant blood supply to the whole body to transport oxygen and nutrients. Unfortunately, it is also subjected to various stresses based on physiological or pathological conditions, particularly more vulnerable to damages caused by oxidative stress. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanism and contribution of IGF-IIRα in endoplasmic reticulum stress induction in the heart under doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Using in vitro H9c2 cells, in vivo transgenic rat cardiac tissues, siRNAs against CHOP, chemical ER chaperone PBA, and western blot experiments, we found that IGF-IIRα overexpression enhanced ER stress markers ATF4, ATF6, IRE1α, and PERK which were further aggravated by DOX treatment. This was accompanied by a significant perturbation in stress-associated MAPKs such as p38 and JNK. Interestingly, PARKIN, a stress responsive cellular protective mediator was significantly downregulated by IGF-IIRα concomitant with decreased expression of ER chaperone GRP78. Furthermore, ER stress-associated pro-apoptotic factor CHOP was increased considerably in a dose-dependent manner followed by elevated c-caspase-12 and c-caspase-3 activities. Conversely, treatment of H9c2 cells with chemical ER chaperone PBA or siRNA against CHOP abolished the IGF-IIRα-induced ER stress responses. Altogether, these findings suggested that IGF-IIRα contributes to ER stress induction and inhibits cellular stress coping proteins while increasing pro-apoptotic factors feeding into a cardio myocyte damage program that eventually paves the way to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pandey
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Sports Nutrition, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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Unravelling the tangled web of hypertension and cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1609-1625. [PMID: 34240734 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of mortality globally, being responsible for an estimated 17 million deaths every year. Cancer is the second leading cause of death on a global level with roughly 9 million deaths per year being attributed to neoplasms. The two share multiple common risk factors such as obesity, poor physical exercise, older age, smoking and there exists rare monogenic hypertension syndromes. Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects more than a billion people worldwide and may also be a risk factor for the development of certain types of cancer (e.g. renal cell carcinoma (RCC)). The interaction space of the two conditions becomes more complicated when the well-described hypertensive effect of certain antineoplastic drugs is considered along with the extensive amount of literature on the association of different classes of antihypertensive drugs with cancer risk/prevention. The cardiovascular risks associated with antineoplastic treatment calls for efficient management of relative adverse events and the development of practical strategies for efficient decision-making in the clinic. Pharmacogenetic interactions between cancer treatment and hypertension-related genes is not to be ruled out, but the evidence is not still ample to be incorporated in clinical practice. Precision Medicine has the potential to bridge the gap of knowledge regarding the full spectrum of interactions between cancer and hypertension (and cardiovascular disease) and provide novel solutions through the emerging field of cardio-oncology. In this review, we aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between cancer and hypertension including pharmacotherapy.
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Exploring gene knockout strategies to identify potential drug targets using genome-scale metabolic models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:213. [PMID: 33420254 PMCID: PMC7794450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on new cancer drugs is performed either through gene knockout studies or phenotypic screening of drugs in cancer cell-lines. Both of these approaches are costly and time-consuming. Computational framework, e.g., genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs), could be a good alternative to find potential drug targets. The present study aims to investigate the applicability of gene knockout strategies to be used as the finding of drug targets using GSMMs. We performed single-gene knockout studies on existing GSMMs of the NCI-60 cell-lines obtained from 9 tissue types. The metabolic genes responsible for the growth of cancerous cells were identified and then ranked based on their cellular growth reduction. The possible growth reduction mechanisms, which matches with the gene knockout results, were described. Gene ranking was used to identify potential drug targets, which reduce the growth rate of cancer cells but not of the normal cells. The gene ranking results were also compared with existing shRNA screening data. The rank-correlation results for most of the cell-lines were not satisfactory for a single-gene knockout, but it played a significant role in deciding the activity of drug against cell proliferation, whereas multiple gene knockout analysis gave better correlation results. We validated our theoretical results experimentally and showed that the drugs mitotane and myxothiazol can inhibit the growth of at least four cell-lines of NCI-60 database.
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Schultz A, Olorundami OA, Teng RJ, Jarzembowski J, Shi ZZ, Kumar SN, Pritchard K, Konduri GG, Afolayan AJ. Decreased OLA1 (Obg-Like ATPase-1) Expression Drives Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways to Downregulate Mitochondrial SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase) in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn. Hypertension 2019; 74:957-966. [PMID: 31476900 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a failure of pulmonary vascular resistance to decline at birth rapidly. One principal mechanism implicated in PPHN development is mitochondrial oxidative stress. Expression and activity of mitochondrial SOD2 (superoxide dismutase) are decreased in PPHN; however, the mechanism remains unknown. Recently, OLA1 (Obg-like ATPase-1) was shown to act as a critical regulator of proteins controlling cell response to stress including Hsp70, an obligate chaperone for SOD2. Here, we investigated whether OLA1 is causally linked to PPHN. Compared with controls, SOD2 expression is reduced in distal-pulmonary arteries (PAs) from patients with PPHN and fetal-lamb models. Disruptions of the SOD2 gene reproduced PPHN phenotypes, manifested by elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, PA-endothelial cells apoptosis, and PA-smooth muscle cells proliferation. Analyses of SOD2 protein dynamics revealed higher ubiquitinated-SOD2 protein levels in PPHN-lambs, suggesting dysregulated protein ubiquitination. OLA1 controls multiple proteostatic mechanisms and is overexpressed in response to stress. We demonstrated that OLA1 acts as a molecular chaperone, and its activity is induced by stress. Strikingly, OLA1 expression is decreased in distal-PAs from PPHN-patients and fetal-lambs. OLA1 deficiency enhanced CHIP affinity for Hsp70-SOD2 complexes, facilitating SOD2 degradation. Consequently, mitochondrial H2O2 formation is impaired, leading to XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) overexpression that suppresses caspase activity in PA-smooth muscle cells, allowing them to survive and proliferate, contributing to PA remodeling. In-vivo, ola1-/- downregulated SOD2 expression, induced distal-PA remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. We conclude that decreased OLA1 expression accounts for SOD2 downregulation and, therefore, a therapeutic target in PPHN treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schultz
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Children's Research Institute (A.S., R.-J.T., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Pediatrics (A.S., O.A.O., R.-J.T., S.N.K., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwauke
| | - Olubunmi A Olorundami
- Department of Pediatrics (A.S., O.A.O., R.-J.T., S.N.K., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwauke
| | - Ru-Jeng Teng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Children's Research Institute (A.S., R.-J.T., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Pediatrics (A.S., O.A.O., R.-J.T., S.N.K., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwauke
| | - Jason Jarzembowski
- Department of Pathology (J.J., S.N.K), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | | | - Suresh N Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics (A.S., O.A.O., R.-J.T., S.N.K., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwauke.,Department of Pathology (J.J., S.N.K), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Kirkwood Pritchard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (K.P.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Girija G Konduri
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Children's Research Institute (A.S., R.-J.T., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Pediatrics (A.S., O.A.O., R.-J.T., S.N.K., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwauke
| | - Adeleye J Afolayan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Children's Research Institute (A.S., R.-J.T., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Pediatrics (A.S., O.A.O., R.-J.T., S.N.K., G.G.K., A.J.A.), Children Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwauke
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Lindholm D, Korhonen L, Eriksson O, Kõks S. Recent Insights into the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in ER Stress in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:48. [PMID: 28540288 PMCID: PMC5423914 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfolded stress response (UPR) is a conserved cellular pathway involved in protein quality control to maintain homeostasis under different conditions and disease states characterized by cell stress. Although three general schemes of and genes induced by UPR are rather well-established, open questions remain including the precise role of UPR in human diseases and the interactions between different sensor systems during cell stress signaling. Particularly, the issue how the normally adaptive and pro-survival UPR pathway turns into a deleterious process causing sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death requires more studies. UPR is also named a friend with multiple personalities that we need to understand better to fully recognize its role in normal physiology and in disease pathology. UPR interacts with other organelles including mitochondria, and with cell stress signals and degradation pathways such as autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Here we review current concepts and mechanisms of UPR as studied in different cells and model systems and highlight the relevance of UPR and related stress signals in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinki, Finland.,Division of Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central HospitalHelsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of TartuTartu, Estonia.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
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