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Sheikh N, Babrud RB, Khatamifar F. The effect of gamma irradiation to eliminate fungal contamination on two model colors of Iranian paintings. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baseri N, Meysamie A, Campanile F, Hamidieh AA, Jafarian A. Bacterial contamination of bone allografts in the tissue banks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 2021; 123:156-173. [PMID: 34752801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone allografts are harvested and transplanted under sterile conditions. However, the risk of bacterial contamination of grafts during these processes is a health concern. Bioburden testing and bacterial contamination detection are conducted to ensure allograft sterility. AIM The present study aimed to determine the incidence of bacterial contamination in bone allografts based on different classifications. METHODS PROSPERO registration number was received for the study. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed and EMBASE databases with relevant keywords from January 2000 to March 2021. After choosing related studies according to the PRISMA flow diagram, Stata software was used for data analysis. We considered I2 ˃ 50% as heterogeneity between studies. FINDINGS The overall incidence of bacterial contamination was 12.6% (95% CI 0.100, 0.152) among 19,805 bone allografts of 17 studies. The bacterial contamination rate among bone allografts was 10.8% before 2010 and 14.7% in 2010-March 2021. The contamination frequency in Asia, Europe, and Australia was 11.5%, 14.3%, and 5.2%, respectively. Bone contamination rates were higher in cadaver donors (19.9%), retrieval time sampling (13.5%), and swab samples (13.2%) compared to those in living donors (7.5%), implantation time sampling (6.9%), and bone fragments cultures (6.3%). Bacterial contamination was recovered 24.4%, 19.7%, 13.2%, and 21% from tibia, fibula, femoral, and other bones, respectively. Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria from bones (63.2% of all isolated genera), followed by Propionibacterium spp. (10.6%). CONCLUSION The high contamination of bone allografts is a health concern, indicating the need for more health monitoring and improvement of standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Baseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; National Reference laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alipasha Meysamie
- Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Medical Molecular Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance laboratory (MMARLab), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Jafarian
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Attia T, Grynpas M, Willett T. Ribose pre-treatment can protect the fatigue life of γ-irradiation sterilized bone. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:287-295. [PMID: 31020508 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structural bone allografts are often sterilized with γ-irradiation to decrease infection risk, which unfortunately degrades the bone collagen connectivity, making the bone weak and brittle. In previous studies, we successfully protected the quasi-static mechanical properties of human cortical bone by pre-treating with ribose, prior to irradiation. This study focused on the quasi-static and fatigue tensile properties of ribose treated irradiated sterilized bone allografts. Seventy-five samples were cut from the mid-shaft diaphysis of human femurs into standardized dog-bone shape geometries for quasi-static and fatigue tensile testing. Specimens were prepared in sets of three adjacent specimens. Each set was made of a normal (N), irradiated (I) and ribose pre-treated + irradiation (R) group. The R group was incubated in a 1.2 M ribose solution before γ-irradiation. The quasi-static tensile and decalcified tests were conducted to failure under displacement control. The fatigue samples were tested under cyclic loading (10 Hz, peak stress of 45MP, minimum-to-maximum stress ratio of 0.1) until failure or reaching 10 million cycles. Ribose pre-treatment significantly improved significantly the mechanical properties of irradiation sterilized human bone in the quasi-static tensile and decalcified tests. The fatigue life of the irradiated group was impaired by 99% in comparison to the normal control. Surprisingly, the R-group has significantly superior properties over the I-group and N-group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) (> 100%). This study shows that incubating human cortical bone in a ribose solution prior to irradiation can indeed improve the fatigue life of irradiation-sterilized cortical bone allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Attia
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital - Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital - Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Willett
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Abstract
In New Zealand, oncoplastic surgery is common, but partial breast reconstruction presents challenges for radiation therapy targeting. Tissue rearrangement creates ambiguity when targeting the tumor bed, with resultant overestimation of treatment volumes. Thus, adoption of advanced methods of radiation therapy have been hindered. This pilot study describes use of a novel three-dimensional implant that provides a scaffolding for tissue ingrowth during partial breast reconstruction and delineates the tumor bed more precisely to assist radiation planning and mammographic surveillance. After informed consent, 15 women were implanted with the three-dimensional bioabsorbable implant. The device was sutured to the tumor bed during lumpectomy, and tissue flaps were mobilized and attached to the implant. Visualization of the marker and radiation treatment volumes were recorded and compared. The implant provided volume replacement and helped to maintain breast contour. Cosmetic outcomes were excellent; no device- or radiation-related complications occurred. One patient had a postoperative hematoma that resolved after percutaneous drainage; there were no postoperative infections. Three-year follow-up shows no tumor recurrences and no untoward effects. When compared to conventional radiation targeting, use of the implant showed that a greater than 50 percent reduction in treatment volume was possible in some cases. Three-year mammograms show no significant artifact, normal tissue ingrowth, and minimal fibrosis. This study describes a method of oncoplastic breast reconstruction using an implantable device that marks the site of tumor excision and provides for volume replacement with tissue ingrowth. Patients tolerated it well, and radiation therapy planning, positioning, and treatment were facilitated.
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate freeze-dried cortical allograft bone for nasal dorsal augmentation. The 42-month report on 18 patients was published in 2009 in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery with 89 percent success at level II evidence, and this article is the 10-year comprehensive review of 62 patients. Methods: All grafts met standards recommended by the American Association of Tissue Banks, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Objective evaluation of the persistence of graft volume was obtained by cephalometric radiography, cone beam volumetric computed tomography, and computed tomography at up to 10 years. Vascularization and incorporation of new bone elements within the grafts were demonstrated by fluorine-18 sodium fluoride positron emission tomography at up to 10 years. Subjective estimation of graft volume persisting up to 10 years was obtained by patient response to a query conducted by an independent surveyor. Results: The authors report objective proof of persistence of volume alone or combined with proof of neovascularization in 16 of 19 allografts. The authors report the patient’s subjective opinion of volume persistence in 37 of 43 grafts. The dorsal augmentation was assessed overall to be successful in 85 percent of 62 patients evaluated between 1 and 10 years, with a mean of 4.7 years. Conclusions: Freeze-dried allograft bone is a safe and equal alternative for dorsal augmentation without donor-site morbidity. Further studies are needed to (1) confirm these findings for young patients needing long-term reconstruction, and (2) partially demineralize allograft bone to allow carving with a scalpel. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
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Makker K, Lamba AK, Faraz F, Tandon S, Sheikh Ab Hamid S, Aggarwal K, Chowdhri K. Comparative evaluation of bioburden and sterility of indigenously prepared bone allograft with and without gentamicin. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:243-253. [PMID: 30903410 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During bone allograft processing, despite stringent donor screening and use of aseptic techniques, microbial invasion may occur due to the porous nature of the graft and cause potentially fatal infections. The aim of the present study was to prepare bone allograft with and without gentamicin and to compare bioburden and sterility in the obtained grafts to evaluate the role of antibiotic in enhancing graft safety. Fifty samples of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft were prepared from suitable donors according to international standards. Randomly selected 25 samples were placed in 8 mg gentamicin/gram bone solution for 1 h. Packaging and sealing was done to ensure no microbial ingress during transportation. 40 samples were selected for bioburden testing. Remaining 10 were subjected to 25 kGy gamma radiation and tested for sterility. Microbiological evaluation revealed no evidence of colony forming units in all the samples of both the groups (Bioburden = 0). Post-radiation sterility testing also revealed no bacterial colony in the tested samples from both the groups. Favorable results validate the processing protocol while comparable results in both groups indicate no additive benefit of gentamicin addition. Nil bioburden may be used in further studies to determine a lower radiation dose to achieve adequate sterility and minimize the disadvantages of radiation like collagen cross-linking and decreased osteoinductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Makker
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India.
| | - Arundeep Kaur Lamba
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Farrukh Faraz
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Shruti Tandon
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Suzina Sheikh Ab Hamid
- Tissue Bank, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Aggarwal
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Kanika Chowdhri
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India
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van de Sande MAJ, Bovée JVMG, van Domselaar M, van Wijk MJ, Sanders I, Kuijper E. Successful disinfection of femoral head bone graft using high hydrostatic pressure. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 19:333-340. [PMID: 29264694 PMCID: PMC6133176 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current standard for sterilization of potentially infected bone graft by gamma irradiation and thermal or chemical inactivation potentially deteriorates the biomechanical properties of the graft. We performed an in vitro experiment to evaluate the use of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP); which is widely used as a disinfection process in the food processing industry, to sterilize bone grafts. Four femoral heads were divided into five parts each, of which 16 were contaminated (in duplicate) with 105–107 CFU/ml of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida albicans, respectively. Of each duplicate, one sample was untreated and stored similarly as the treated sample. The remaining four parts were included as sterile control and non-infected control. The 16 parts underwent HHP at the high-pressure value of 600 MPa. After HHP, serial dilutions were made and cultured on selective media and into enrichment media to recover low amounts of microorganism and spores. Three additional complete femoral heads were treated with 0, 300 and 600 MPa HHP respectively for histological evaluation. None of the negative-control bone fragments contained microorganisms. The measured colony counts in the positive-control samples correlated excellent with the expected colony count. None of the HHP treated bone fragments grew on culture plates or enrichment media. Histological examination of three untreated femoral heads showed that the bone structure remained unchanged after HHP. Sterilizing bone grafts by high hydrostatic pressure was successful and is a promising technique with the possible advantage of retaining biomechanical properties of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A J van de Sande
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marja J van Wijk
- Medical Department, BISLIFE Foundation, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Kuijper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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Yusof N. Advances of radiation sterilisation in tissue banking. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 19:175-186. [PMID: 29022196 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Under the auspices of the IAEA tissue banking programme on "Radiation Sterilisation of Tissue Graft" conducted from 1985 to 2004, many scientists and surgeons were involved in various regional research and development (R&D) projects mainly in dealing with radiation dose selection, radiation effects on human tissues and quality system in radiation sterilisation. New findings on radiation effects, tissue processing and preservation were shared during the regional and interregional meetings and workshops. Many tissue banks started to use radiation (25 kGy) to sterilize tissue grafts for tissue safety and efficacy and still continue to use it. The IAEA Code of Practice for Radiation Sterilization of Tissues Allografts developed in 2007 offered simpler methods to conduct radiation dose setting and dose validation experiments for tissue grafts. Advances in dose selection and dose mapping are continued under the quality management system when banks need to be certified to continue their operation. The combination of good tissue processing and preservation as well as good radiation practice will ensure the tissue products are properly sterilised thus safe and of high quality. Experience in meeting challenges in using radiation sterilisation and achievements reported by the tissue bankers are shared here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimah Yusof
- UMMC Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mohr J, Germain M, Winters M, Fraser S, Duong A, Garibaldi A, Simunovic N, Alsop D, Dao D, Bessemer R, Ayeni OR. Disinfection of human musculoskeletal allografts in tissue banking: a systematic review. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:573-584. [PMID: 27665294 PMCID: PMC5116033 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal allografts are typically disinfected using antibiotics, irradiation or chemical methods but protocols vary significantly between tissue banks. It is likely that different disinfection protocols will not have the same level of microorganism kill; they may also have varying effects on the structural integrity of the tissue, which could lead to significant differences in terms of clinical outcome in recipients. Ideally, a disinfection protocol should achieve the greatest bioburden reduction with the lowest possible impact on tissue integrity. A systematic review of three databases found 68 laboratory and clinical studies that analyzed the microbial bioburden or contamination rates of musculoskeletal allografts. The use of peracetic acid–ethanol or ionizing radiation was found to be most effective for disinfection of tissues. The use of irradiation is the most frequently published method for the terminal sterilization of musculoskeletal allografts; it is widely used and its efficacy is well documented in the literature. However, effective disinfection results were still observed using the BioCleanse™ Tissue Sterilization process, pulsatile lavage with antibiotics, ethylene oxide, and chlorhexidine. The variety of effective methods to reduce contamination rate or bioburden, in conjunction with limited high quality evidence provides little support for the recommendation of a single bioburden reduction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mohr
- Canadian Blood Services, 270 John Savage Ave., Dartmouth, NS, B3B 0H7, Canada
| | - M Germain
- Héma-Québec, 1070 Sciences-de-la-Vie Avenue, Quebec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - M Winters
- Nelson Laboratories, 6280 South Redwood Road, Salt Lake City, UT, 84123-6600, USA
| | - S Fraser
- Canadian Blood Services, 270 John Savage Ave., Dartmouth, NS, B3B 0H7, Canada
| | - A Duong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - A Garibaldi
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - N Simunovic
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - D Alsop
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - D Dao
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - R Bessemer
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - O R Ayeni
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada. .,McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St W, Room 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Nguyen H, Cassady AI, Bennett MB, Gineyts E, Wu A, Morgan DAF, Forwood MR. Reducing the radiation sterilization dose improves mechanical and biological quality while retaining sterility assurance levels of bone allografts. Bone 2013; 57:194-200. [PMID: 23912050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone allografts carry a risk of infection, so terminal sterilization by gamma irradiation at 25kGy is recommended; but is deleterious to bone quality. Contemporary bone banking significantly reduces initial allograft bioburden, questioning the need to sterilize at 25kGy. METHODS We inoculated allograft bone with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus pumilus, then exposed them to gamma irradiation at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25kGy. Mechanical and biological properties of allografts were also assessed. Our aim was to determine an optimal dose that achieves sterility assurance while minimizing deleterious effects on allograft tissue. RESULTS 20-25kGy eliminated both organisms at concentrations from 10(1) to 10(3)CFU, while 10-15kGy sterilized bone samples to a bioburden concentration of 10(2)CFU. Irradiation did not generate pro-inflammatory bone surfaces, as evidenced by macrophage activation, nor did it affect attachment or proliferation of osteoblasts. At doses ≥10kGy, the toughness of cortical bone was reduced (P<0.05), and attachment and fusion of osteoclasts onto irradiated bone declined at 20 and 25kGy (P<0.05). There was no change in collagen cross-links, but a significant dose-response increase in denatured collagen (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our mechanical and cell biological data converge on 15kGy as a threshold for radiation sterilization of bone allografts. Between 5 and 15kGy, bone banks can undertake validation that provides allografts with an acceptable sterility assurance level, improving their strength and biocompatibility significantly. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The application of radiation sterilization doses between 5 and 15kGy will improve bone allograft mechanical performance and promote integration, while retaining sterility assurance levels. Improved quality of allograft bone will promote superior clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nguyen
- Griffith Health Institute and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Queensland Bone Bank, Organ and Tissue Donation Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Costi JJ, Edmonds-Wilson RH, Howie DW, Stamenkov R, Field JR, Stanley RM, Hearn TC, Callary SA, McGee MA. Stem micromotion after femoral impaction grafting using irradiated allograft bone: a time zero in vitro study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2013; 28:770-6. [PMID: 23896432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A gamma irradiation dose of 15kGy has been shown to adequately sterilise allograft bone, commonly used in femoral impaction bone grafting to treat bone loss at revision hip replacement, without significantly affecting its mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether use of 15kGy irradiated bone affects the initial mechanical stability of the femoral stem prosthesis, as determined by micromotion in a comprehensive testing apparatus, in a clinically relevant time zero in vitro model of revision hip replacement. METHODS Morselised ovine bone was nonirradiated (control), or irradiated at 15kGy or 60kGy. For each dose, six ovine femurs were implanted with a cemented polished taper stem following femoral impaction bone grafting. Using testing apparatus that reproduces stem loading, stems were cyclically loaded and triaxial micromotion of the stem relative to the bone was measured at the proximal and distal stem regions using non-contact laser transducers and linear variable differential transformers. FINDINGS There were no significant differences in proximal or distal stem micromotion between groups for all directions (p≤0.80), apart for significantly greater distal stem medial-lateral micromotion in the 60kGy group compared to the 15kGy group (P=0.03), and near-significance in the anterior-posterior direction (P=0.08, power=0.85). INTERPRETATION Using a clinically relevant model and loading apparatus, irradiation of bone at 15kGy does not affect initial femoral stem stability following femoral impaction bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Costi
- Biomechanics & Implants Research Group, The Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
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Sponge swabs increase sensitivity of sterility testing of processed bone and tendon allografts. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1127-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-0982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nguyen H, Morgan DAF, Forwood MR. Validation of 11 kGy as a radiation sterilization dose for frozen bone allografts. J Arthroplasty 2011; 26:303-8. [PMID: 20570097 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A radiation sterilization dose (RSD) of 25 kGy is deleterious to bone allografts. This study aimed to establish a lower RSD for bone allografts using method 1 of International Standard Organisation 11137.2:2006. This provides a database to select an RSD corresponding to an allograft's bioburden, given that the bioburden's gamma resistance is equal to or less than the standard. This can be verified by irradiating 100 allografts at a dose selected to provide a sterility assurance level of 10(-2). The bioburden of our allografts was 0, which prescribed a verification dose of 1.3 kGy. After irradiating 100 allografts, sterility tests returned no positive cultures. We therefore validated an RSD of 11 kGy for allografts with that bioburden. According to the standard, this RSD provides a sterility assurance level of 10(-6) for bone allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nguyen
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Jain S, Malyala P, Pallaoro M, Giuliani M, Petersen H, O'hagan DT, Singh M. A Two-Stage Strategy for Sterilization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Particles by γ-Irradiation Does Not Impair Their Potency for Vaccine Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:646-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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