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Rosochowicz MA, Lach MS, Richter M, Jagiełło I, Suchorska WM, Trzeciak T. The iPSC secretome is beneficial for in vitro propagation of primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150392. [PMID: 39003867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the obstacles to autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is obtaining a large quantity of chondrocytes without depletion of their properties. The conditioned medium (CM) from different subpopulations of stem cells (mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)) could be a gamechanger. MSCs' potential is related to the donor's health and age, which could be omitted when, as a source, iPSCs are used. There is a lack of data regarding their use in the chondrocyte culture expansion. Thus, we wanted to verify whether iPSC-CM could be beneficial for the cell culture of primary chondrocyte cells. METHODS We added the iPSC-CMs from GPCCi001-A and ND 41658*H cells to the culture of primary chondrocyte cell lines isolated from OA patients (n = 6) for other two passages. The composition of the CM was evaluated using Luminex technology. Then, we analysed the senescence, proliferation rate and using flow cytometry: viability, distribution of cell cycle phases, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and double-strand breaks. The cartilage-related markers were evaluated using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Additionally, a three-dimensional cell culture was used to determine the potential to form cartilage particles. RESULTS iPSC-CM increased proliferation and diminished cell ROS production and senescence. CM influenced the cartilage-related protein expression and promoted the growth of cartilage particles. The cell exposed to CM did not lose the ECM proteins, suggesting the chondroprotective effect for prolonged culture time. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results suggest a beneficial effect on maintaining chondrocyte biology during in vitro expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Rosochowicz
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. 135/147 Street, 61-545, Poznan, Poland; Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michał S Lach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. 135/147 Street, 61-545, Poznan, Poland; Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. 135/147 Street, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Inga Jagiełło
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktoria M Suchorska
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland; Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. 135/147 Street, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
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2
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Petta D, D'Arrigo D, Salehi S, Talò G, Bonetti L, Vanoni M, Deabate L, De Nardo L, Dubini G, Candrian C, Moretti M, Lopa S, Arrigoni C. A personalized osteoarthritic joint-on-a-chip as a screening platform for biological treatments. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101072. [PMID: 38757057 PMCID: PMC11097088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly disabling pathology, characterized by synovial inflammation and cartilage degeneration. Orthobiologics have shown promising results in OA treatment thanks to their ability to influence articular cells and modulate the inflammatory OA environment. Considering their complex mechanism of action, the development of reliable and relevant joint models appears as crucial to select the best orthobiologics for each patient. The aim of this study was to establish a microfluidic OA model to test therapies in a personalized human setting. The joint-on-a-chip model included cartilage and synovial compartments, containing hydrogel-embedded chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts, separated by a channel for synovial fluid. For the cartilage compartment, a Hyaluronic Acid-based matrix was selected to preserve chondrocyte phenotype. Adding OA synovial fluid induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and degradative enzymes, generating an OA microenvironment. Personalized models were generated using patient-matched cells and synovial fluid to test the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells on OA signatures. The patient-specific models allowed monitoring changes induced by cell injection, highlighting different individual responses to the treatment. Altogether, these results support the use of this joint-on-a-chip model as a prognostic tool to screen the patient-specific efficacy of orthobiologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Petta
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Chiesa, 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniele D'Arrigo
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Chiesa, 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- ISBE-SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy at Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Shima Salehi
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G.Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- ISBE-SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy at Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Deabate
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G.Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G.Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Candrian
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Biomedical Sciences Faculty, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Chiesa, 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Euler Institute, Biomedical Sciences Faculty, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Arrigoni
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Chiesa, 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Biomedical Sciences Faculty, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
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3
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Casati S, Giannasi C, Niada S, Della Morte E, Orioli M, Brini AT. Lipidomics of Cell Secretome Combined with the Study of Selected Bioactive Lipids in an In Vitro Model of Osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:959-970. [PMID: 35792075 PMCID: PMC9492289 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical advancements in lipidomics have enabled large-scale investigations of lipid biology. Herein, we focused on four bioactive lipid families, namely polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines, and their involvement in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-related inflammatory scenario. Since MSC secretome may represent a valid therapeutic alternative, here, the complete secretome and its vesicular component from adipose- and bone marrow-derived MSC and dermal fibroblasts were characterized by targeted mass spectrometry lipidomics. The 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) and the palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), previously quantified in the MSC's secretome, were further investigated by assessing hypothetical effects in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis (OA) based on human primary articular chondrocytes (CH) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). TNFα enhances the release of the inflammatory lipid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and an additional increment was observed when CH were treated with both TNFα and 2AG. In contrast, PEA downmodulates the PGE2 release to the levels of unstimulated CH suggesting a protective effect. TNFα also increases the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), in particular when combined with 2AG, while PEA partly blunts TNFα-induced COX2 expression. In addition, TNFα-stimulated CH produce significantly higher levels of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) both in the presence and in the absence of 2AG, and PEA was able to partially reduce NO release. Our results show a first partial lipidomic profile of MSC and DF secretome and suggest a possible implication of bioactive lipids in the OA scenario and in the future use of these cell-free products as innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,PhD Program in Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giannasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Niada
- Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Della Morte
- Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Orioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna T Brini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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4
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Giannasi C, Niada S, Magagnotti C, Ragni E, Andolfo A, Brini AT. Comparison of two ASC-derived therapeutics in an in vitro OA model: secretome versus extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:521. [PMID: 33272318 PMCID: PMC7711257 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last years, several clinical trials have proved the safety and efficacy of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC) in contrasting osteoarthritis (OA). Since ASC act mainly through paracrine mechanisms, their secretome (conditioned medium, CM) represents a promising therapeutic alternative. ASC-CM is a complex cocktail of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids released as soluble factors and/or conveyed into extracellular vesicles (EV). Here, we investigate its therapeutic potential in an in vitro model of OA. METHODS Human articular chondrocytes (CH) were induced towards an OA phenotype by 10 ng/ml TNFα in the presence of either ASC-CM or EV, both deriving from 5 × 105 cells, to evaluate the effect on hypertrophic, catabolic, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Given the same number of donor cells, our data reveal a higher therapeutic potential of ASC-CM compared to EV alone that was confirmed by its enrichment in chondroprotective factors among which TIMP-1 and -2 stand out. In details, only ASC-CM significantly decreased MMP activity (22% and 29% after 3 and 6 days) and PGE2 expression (up to 40% at day 6) boosted by the inflammatory cytokine. Conversely, both treatments down-modulated of ~ 30% the hypertrophic marker COL10A1. CONCLUSIONS These biological and molecular evidences of ASC-CM beneficial action on CH with an induced OA phenotype may lay the basis for its future clinical translation as a cell-free therapeutic in the management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannasi
- Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Niada
- Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Magagnotti
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ragni
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Brini
- Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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5
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Lopa S, Piraino F, Talò G, Mainardi VL, Bersini S, Pierro M, Zagra L, Rasponi M, Moretti M. Microfluidic Biofabrication of 3D Multicellular Spheroids by Modulation of Non-geometrical Parameters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:366. [PMID: 32432090 PMCID: PMC7214796 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids are being increasingly applied in many research fields due to their enhanced biological functions as compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. 3D cell spheroids can replicate tissue functions, which enables their use both as in vitro models and as building blocks in tissue biofabrication approaches. In this study, we developed a perfusable microfluidic platform suitable for robust and reproducible 3D cell spheroid formation and tissue maturation. The geometry of the device was optimized through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to improve cell trapping. Experimental data were used in turn to generate a model able to predict the number of trapped cells as a function of cell concentration, flow rate, and seeding time. We demonstrated that tuning non-geometrical parameters it is possible to control the size and shape of 3D cell spheroids generated using articular chondrocytes (ACs) as cellular model. After seeding, cells were cultured under perfusion at different flow rates (20, 100, and 500 μl/min), which induced the formation of conical and spherical spheroids. Wall shear stress values on cell spheroids, computed by CFD simulations, increased accordingly to the flow rate while remaining under the chondroprotective threshold in all configurations. The effect of flow rate on cell number, metabolic activity, and tissue-specific matrix deposition was evaluated and correlated with fluid velocity and shear stress distribution. The obtained results demonstrated that our device represents a helpful tool to generate stable 3D cell spheroids which can find application both to develop advanced in vitro models for the study of physio-pathological tissue maturation mechanisms and to obtain building blocks for the biofabrication of macrotissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Piraino
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Luca Mainardi
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Biological Structures Mechanics, Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering Department "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Bersini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Pierro
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Zagra
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Hip Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy.,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
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6
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Žigon-Branc S, Barlič A, Knežević M, Jeras M, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Testing the potency of anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-1β drugs using spheroid cultures of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and donor-matched chondrogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1045-1058. [PMID: 29536646 PMCID: PMC6138577 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in progression of rheumatoid arthritis, a disease treated with antagonists of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). New in vitro testing systems are needed to evaluate efficacies of new anti-inflammatory biological drugs, ideally in a patient-specific manner. To address this need, we studied microspheroids containing 10,000 human osteoarthritic primary chondrocytes (OACs) or chondrogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), obtained from three donors. Hypothesizing that this system can recapitulate clinically observed effects of anti-inflammatory drugs, spheroids were exposed to TNF-α, IL-1β, or to supernatant containing secretome from activated macrophages (MCM). The anti-inflammatory efficacies of anti-TNF-α biologicals adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept, and the anti-IL-1β agent anakinra were assessed in short-term microspheroid and long-term macrospheroid cultures (100,000 OACs). While gene and protein expressions were evaluated in microspheroids, diameters, amounts of DNA, glycosaminoglycans, and hydroxiproline were measured in macrospheroids. The tested drugs significantly decreased the inflammation induced by TNF-α or IL-1β. The differences in potency of anti-TNF-α biologicals at 24 h and 3 weeks after their addition to inflamed spheroids were comparable, showing high predictability of short-term cultures. Moreover, the data obtained with microspheroids grown from OACs and chondrogenically differentiated MSCs were comparable, suggesting that MSCs could be used for this type of in vitro testing. We propose that in vitro gene expression measured after the first 24 h in cultures of chondrogenically differentiated MSCs can be used to determine the functionality of anti-TNF-α drugs in personalized and preclinical studies. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1045-1058, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Žigon-Branc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
- Educell Cell Therapy Service Ltd, Trzin, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Matjaž Jeras
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
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Mantripragada VP, Bova WA, Boehm C, Piuzzi NS, Obuchowski NA, Midura RJ, Muschler GF. Progenitor cells from different zones of human cartilage and their correlation with histopathological osteoarthritis progression. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1728-1738. [PMID: 29240251 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies development for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) requires an understanding of the disease progression and attributes of the cells resident in cartilage. This study focused on quantitative assessment of the concentration and biological potential of stem and progenitor cells resident in different zones of cartilage displaying macroscopic Outerbridge grade 1-2 OA, and their correlation with OA progression based on established histologic scoring system. Lateral femoral condyles were collected from 15 patients with idiopathic OA and varus knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Superficial(Csp , top ∼ 500 µm) and deep cartilage(Cdp ) was separated. Chondrogenic Connective Tissue Progenitors (CTP-C) were assayed by standardized Colony-Forming-Unit assay using automated image analysis (ColonyzeTM ) based on ASTM standard F-2944-12. Cell concentration (cells/mg) was significantly greater in Csp (median: 7,000; range: 3,440-17,600) than Cdp (median: 5,340; range: 3,393-9,660), p = 0.039. Prevalence (CTPs/million cells) was not different between Csp (median: 1,274; range: 0-3,898) and Cdp (median:1,365; range:0-6,330), p = 0.42. In vitro performance of CTP-C progeny varied widely within and between patients, manifest by variation in colony size and morphology. Mean histopathological Mankin score was 4.7 (SD = 1.2), representing mild to moderate OA. Tidemark breach by blood vessels was associated with lower Csp cell concentration (p = 0.02). Matrix degradation was associated with lower Cdp cell and CTP-C concentration (p = 0.015 and p = 0.095, respectively), independent of articular surface changes. These findings suggest that the initiation of OA may occur in either superficial or deep zones. The pathological changes affect CTP-Cs in Csp and Cdp cartilage zones differently. The heterogeneity among the available CTP-Cs in Csp and Cdp suggests performance-based selection to optimize cell-sourcing strategies for therapy. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1728-1738, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata P Mantripragada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Wesley A Bova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195.,Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1182, Argentina
| | - Nancy A Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Ronald J Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - George F Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
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8
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Naranda J, Gradišnik L, Gorenjak M, Vogrin M, Maver U. Isolation and characterization of human articular chondrocytes from surgical waste after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3079. [PMID: 28344902 PMCID: PMC5363257 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue engineering is a fast-evolving field of biomedical engineering, in which the chondrocytes represent the most commonly used cell type. Since research in tissue engineering always consumes a lot of cells, simple and cheap isolation methods could form a powerful basis to boost such studies and enable their faster progress to the clinics. Isolated chondrocytes can be used for autologous chondrocyte implantation in cartilage repair, and are the base for valuable models to investigate cartilage phenotype preservation, as well as enable studies of molecular features, nature and scales of cellular responses to alterations in the cartilage tissue. METHODS Isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes from the surgical waste obtained during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed. To evaluate the chondrogenic potential of the isolated cells, gene expression of collagen type 2 (COL2), collagen 1 (COL1) and aggrecan (ACAN) was evaluated. Immunocytochemical staining of all mentioned proteins was performed to evaluate chondrocyte specific production. RESULTS Cartilage specific gene expression of COL2 and ACAN has been shown that the proposed protocol leads to isolation of cells with a high chondrogenic potential, possibly even specific phenotype preservation up to the second passage. COL1 expression has confirmed the tendency of the isolated cells dedifferentiation into a fibroblast-like phenotype already in the second passage, which confirms previous findings that higher passages should be used with care in cartilage tissue engineering. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, immunocytochemical staining of the evaluated chondrocyte specific products was performed as well. DISCUSSION In this study, we developed a protocol for isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes with the desired phenotype from the surgical waste obtained during TKA. TKA is a common and very frequently performed orthopaedic surgery during which both femoral condyles are removed. The latter present the ideal source for a simple and relatively cheap isolation of chondrocytes as was confirmed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Naranda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Vogrin
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
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9
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Žigon-Branc S, Jeras M, Blejec A, Barlič A. Applicability of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes for in vitro efficacy testing of anti-TNFα drugs. Biologicals 2016; 45:96-101. [PMID: 27773423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell-based models are important tools for assessing efficacies of new leads in early phases of drug development. Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OACs), obtained from biomedical waste material, represent a valuable, relatively accessible cellular source that could be used for this purpose. By employing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) we compared gene expression profiles of key anabolic, catabolic and inflammatory genes of freshly isolated vs. monolayer cultured OACs (passages P0-P2) and non-stimulated vs. tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulated P2 OACs. After expansion of OACs in monolayer cultures, the expression of almost all analyzed genes significantly decreased. The subsequent addition of TNF-α to OACs at P2 significantly increased expressions of all catabolic and inflammatory genes, leaving the anabolic profile almost unchanged. TNF-α-treated OACs were later utilized for efficacy testing of anti-TNF-α drugs infliximab and etanercept and both significantly reduced the expressions of all catabolic and inflammatory genes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Žigon-Branc
- Educell Cell Therapy Service Ltd., Prevale 9, 1236 Trzin, Slovenia.
| | - Matjaž Jeras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical Ltd., Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Andrej Blejec
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ariana Barlič
- Educell Cell Therapy Service Ltd., Prevale 9, 1236 Trzin, Slovenia.
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10
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Raimondi MT, Bertoldi S, Caddeo S, Farè S, Arrigoni C, Moretti M. The effect of polyurethane scaffold surface treatments on the adhesion of chondrocytes subjected to interstitial perfusion culture. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:364-374. [PMID: 30603418 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure chondrocytes detachment from cellularized constructs cultured in a perfusion bioreactor, and to evaluate the effect of different scaffold coatings on cell adhesion under a fixed flow rate. The scaffolds were polyurethane foams, treated to promote cell attachment and seeded with human chondrocytes. In a preliminary static culture experiment, the scaffolds were imbibed with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and then cultured for 4 weeks. To quantify cell detachment, the number of detached cells from the scaffold treated with FBS was estimated under different interstitial perfusion flow rates and shear stress levels (0.005 mL/min equivalent to 0.05 mPa, 0.023 mL/min equivalent to 0.23 mPa, and 0.045 mL/min equivalent to 0.45 mPa). Finally, groups of scaffolds differently treated (FBS, plasma plus FBS, plasma plus collagen type I) were cultured under a fixed perfusion rate of 0.009 mL/min, equivalent to a shear stress of 0.09 mPa, and the detached cells were counted. Static cultivation showed that cell proliferation increased with time and matrix biosynthesis decreased after the first week of culture. Perfused culture showed that the number of detached cells increased with the perfusion rate on FBS-treated constructs. The plasma-treated/collagen-coated scaffolds showed the highest resistance to cell detachment. To minimize cell detachment, the perfusion rate must be maintained in the order of 0.02 mL/min, giving a shear stress of 0.2 mPa. Our set-up allowed estimating the resistance to cell detachment under interstitial perfusion in a repeatable manner, to test other scaffold coatings and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.,5Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133 Italy
| | - Serena Bertoldi
- 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.,2Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Caddeo
- 3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Farè
- 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.,2Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Arrigoni
- 4Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- 4Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
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11
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Lopa S, Piraino F, Kemp RJ, Di Caro C, Lovati AB, Di Giancamillo A, Moroni L, Peretti GM, Rasponi M, Moretti M. Fabrication of multi-well chips for spheroid cultures and implantable constructs through rapid prototyping techniques. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1457-71. [PMID: 25678107 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture models are widely used in basic and translational research. In this study, to generate and culture multiple 3D cell spheroids, we exploited laser ablation and replica molding for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multi-well chips, which were validated using articular chondrocytes (ACs). Multi-well ACs spheroids were comparable or superior to standard spheroids, as revealed by glycosaminoglycan and type-II collagen deposition. Moreover, the use of our multi-well chips significantly reduced the operation time for cell seeding and medium refresh. Exploiting a similar approach, we used clinical-grade fibrin to generate implantable multi-well constructs allowing for the precise distribution of multiple cell types. Multi-well fibrin constructs were seeded with ACs generating high cell density regions, as shown by histology and cell fluorescent staining. Multi-well constructs were compared to standard constructs with homogeneously distributed ACs. After 7 days in vitro, expression of SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1, and COMP was increased in both constructs, with multi-well constructs expressing significantly higher levels of chondrogenic genes than standard constructs. After 5 weeks in vivo, we found that despite a dramatic size reduction, the cell distribution pattern was maintained and glycosaminoglycan content per wet weight was significantly increased respect to pre-implantation samples. In conclusion, multi-well chips for the generation and culture of multiple cell spheroids can be fabricated by low-cost rapid prototyping techniques. Furthermore, these techniques can be used to generate implantable constructs with defined architecture and controlled cell distribution, allowing for in vitro and in vivo investigation of cell interactions in a 3D environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Piraino
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Raymond J Kemp
- Tissue Regeneration Department, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clelia Di Caro
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Arianna B Lovati
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Tissue Regeneration Department, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe M Peretti
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, 20161, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20161, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
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