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Zentelytė A, Žukauskaitė D, Jacerytė I, Borutinskaitė VV, Navakauskienė R. Small Molecule Treatments Improve Differentiation Potential of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:623886. [PMID: 33692988 PMCID: PMC7937811 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.623886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) are an exciting and very promising source of stem cells for therapeutic applications. In this study we investigated the effects of short-term treatments of small molecules to improve stem cell properties and differentiation capability. For this purpose, we used epigenetically active compounds, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors Trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaBut), as well as multifunctional molecules of natural origin, such as retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin C (vitC). We observed that combinations of these compounds triggered upregulation of genes involved in pluripotency (KLF4, OCT4, NOTCH1, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28a, CMYC), but expression changes of these proteins were mild with only significant downregulation of Notch1. Also, some alterations in cell surface marker expression was established by flow cytometry with the most explicit changes in the expression of CD105 and CD117. Analysis of cellular energetics performed using Seahorse analyzer and assessment of gene expression related to cell metabolism and respiration (NRF1, HIF1α, PPARGC1A, ERRα, PKM, PDK1, LDHA, NFKB1, NFKB2, RELA, RELB, REL) revealed that small molecule treatments stimulate AFSCs toward a more energetically active phenotype. To induce cells to differentiate toward neurogenic lineage several different protocols including commercial supplements N2 and B27 together with RA were used and compared to the same differentiation protocols with the addition of a pre-induction step consisting of a combination of small molecules (vitC, TSA and RA). During differentiation the expression of several neural marker genes was analyzed (Nestin, MAP2, TUBB3, ALDH1L1, GFAP, CACNA1D, KCNJ12, KCNJ2, KCNH2) and the beneficial effect of small molecule treatment on differentiation potential was observed with upregulated gene expression. Differentiation was also confirmed by staining TUBB3, NCAM1, and Vimentin and assessed by secretion of BDNF. The results of this study provide valuable insights for the potential use of short-term small molecule treatments to improve stem cell characteristics and boost differentiation potential of AFSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aistė Zentelytė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Deimantė Žukauskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Jacerytė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Veronika V Borutinskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Saheli M, Pirhajati Mahabadi V, Mesbah-Namin SA, Seifalian A, Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine in high dose promotes ultrastructural maturation of cardiomyocyte. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33437842 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The adult human heart muscle cells, cardiomyocytes are not capable of regenerate after injury. Stem cells are a powerful means for future regenerative medicine because of their capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. Several studies have reported the cardiogenic potential in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation, but there is still no efficient protocol for the induction of cardiac differentiation by 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). The present study involves characterization and mainly, the ultrastructure of ADSCs derived cardiomyocyte-like cells. Methods The cultured ADSCs were treated with 50 µM 5-Aza for 24 hours, followed by a 10-week extension. At different time points, cardiomyocyte-like cells were assessed by qRT-PCR and were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy at 10th week. Results The expression of cardiac-specific markers entailing cardiac troponin I (cTnI), connexin 43, myosin light chain-2v (Mlc-2v), increased over 10 weeks and the highest expression was at 10th week. The expression of the β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) increased significantly over 5 weeks and then decreased. At the ultrastructural level myofibrils, transverse tubules (T-tubules), sarcoplasmic reticular membrane, and intercalated discs were present. Conclusions These data suggest that treatment with 5-Aza in high dose could promote differentiation of ADSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells. These differentiated cells could be used for regeneration of damaged cardiomyocytes with the 3D scaffold for delivery of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saheli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd.), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Seyedi F, Mollaei HR, Moshrefi M, Seifalian A. Combination of 5-azaytidine and hanging drop culture convert fat cell into cardiac cell. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:92-101. [PMID: 32028539 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the promising approaches for the treatment of cardiac disease is stem cell therapy. In this study, we compared the cardiomyogenic differentiation rate, from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in a three-dimensional (3D) hanging drop (HD) spheroid culture system, versus a two-dimensional (2D) culture condition at different concentrations of 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). 5-Azaytidine (5-Aza) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of cytidine that initiates cell differentiation programs through DNA demethylation. The hADSCs were isolated and cultured both in 2D and 3D HD conditions, with either 10 or 50 μM concentrations of 5-Aza. Then DNA content, gene expression, and protein content were analyzed. 3D HD culture resulted in a higher percentage of cells in G0/G1 and S phase in the cell division cycle, whereas 2D culture led to a greater percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. A significantly higher gene expression rate of HAND1, HAND2, cTnI, Cx43, βMHC, GATA4, NKX2.5, and MLC2V was observed in HD treated with 50 μM 5-Aza. This was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. These findings suggest that 50 μM concentration of 5-Aza can induce hADSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The differentiation rate was significantly higher when accompanied by the 3D HD culture system. This work provides a new culture system for cell differentiation for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seyedi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mollaei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Moshrefi
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd.), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
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Brychtova M, Thiele JA, Lysak D, Holubova M, Kralickova M, Vistejnova L. Mesenchymal stem cells as the near future of cardiology medicine - truth or wish? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 163:8-18. [PMID: 30439932 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac damage is one of major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Despite the development in pharmacotherapy, cardiosurgery and interventional cardiology, many patients remain at increased risk of developing adverse cardiac remodeling. An alternative treatment approach is the application of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are among the most promising cell types usable for cardiac regeneration. Their homing to the damaged area, differentiation into cardiomyocytes, paracrine and/or immunomodulatory effect on cardiac tissue was investigated extensively. Despite promising preclinical reports, clinical trials on human patients are not convincing. Meta-analyses of these trials open many questions and show that routine clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells as a cardiac treatment may be not as helpful as expected. This review summarizes contemporary knowledge about mesenchymal stem cells role in cardiac tissue repair and discusses the problems and perspectives of this experimental therapeutical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Brychtova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jana-Aletta Thiele
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Lysak
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Kralickova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vistejnova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Mesbah-Namin SA, Salehinejad P, Seyedi F. Fibrin scaffold could promote survival of the human adipose-derived stem cells during differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:571-589. [PMID: 29508071 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are capable of differentiation into many cells including cardiac cells. Different types of scaffolds are used for cell differentiation but the best is yet to be determined. In this study, fibrin scaffold (3D) was fabricated using human plasma fibrinogen and compared with culture plates (2D) for the growth and differentiation of hADSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells. For this purpose, after obtaining the properties of the isolated hADSCs and fibrin scaffold, four biochemical tests were employed to determine the relative growth rate of hADSCs in 2D and 3D cultures. To examine the effects of two different culture systems on cardiomyogenic differentiation, hADSCs were treated with 10 or 50 μM 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) for 24 h and followed until 10 weeks. The results indicated that the growth of hADSCs in 3D significantly increased after the seventh day (P < 0.05). Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunochemistry assays were used to evaluate the rate of cardiac differentiation, which showed significantly higher expression of special cardiac genes such as NKX2.5, Cx43, MLC2v, βMHC, HAND1, HAND2 and cTnI (P < 0.05) in the treated hADSCs with 50 μM 5-Aza in the 3D group. However, the expression level of the specific cardiac proteins in 3D was not significant using western blot and immunofluorescence staining. In conclusion, this study suggests that the fibrin scaffold with a compressive stress of 107.74 kPa can keep the cells alive for 10 weeks and also allows a higher and sooner differentiation of hADSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells treated with 50 μM 5-Aza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Salehinejad
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine and Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Seyedi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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Chang Y, Li C, Jia Y, Chen P, Guo Y, Li A, Guo Z. CD90 + cardiac fibroblasts reduce fibrosis of acute myocardial injury in rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Obtaining spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells from adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions cultured on enzyme-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41781. [PMID: 28155919 PMCID: PMC5290532 DOI: 10.1038/srep41781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure often develops after acute myocardial infarction because the injured myocardial tissue fails to recover or regenerate. Stem cell transplantation using adult cell sources, such as adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), draws extensive attention. In this study, SVF cells were isolated from rat adipose tissue and cultivated on enzyme-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels. Morphological features of cell development and spontaneous beating behavior from these cells were observed and recorded. Cardiac phenotypes were characterized via immunofluorescence staining, and the expression of cardiac-specific genes was measured via RT-PCR. The functional assessment of SVF-derived cardiomyocyte-like cells (SVF-CMs) was performed by detecting cellular calcium transient activities and pharmacological responses. Results showed that most SVF-CMs exhibited elongated myotubule shapes and expressed cardiac troponin I strongly. SVF-CMs expressed cardiac-specific RNA (including transcription factors GATA binding protein 4) and myocyte enhancer factor 2c, as well as the structural proteins, namely, sarcomere actinin alpha 2, cardiac troponin I type 3, cardiac troponin T type 2, and cardiac gap junction protein alpha 1. Their beating mode, calcium activities, and pharmacological responses were similar to those of native CMs. Spontaneously beating SVF-CMs can be derived from adipose tissue-derived SVFs, and enzyme-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel promoted the cardiac differentiation of SVF cells.
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8
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Morris TJ, Picken A, Sharp DMC, Slater NKH, Hewitt CJ, Coopman K. The effect of Me 2SO overexposure during cryopreservation on HOS TE85 and hMSC viability, growth and quality. Cryobiology 2016; 73:367-375. [PMID: 27660063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the cell therapy industry continuing to grow, the ability to preserve clinical grade cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whilst retaining cell viability and function remains critical for the generation of off-the-shelf therapies. Cryopreservation of MSCs, using slow freezing, is an established process at lab scale. However, the cytotoxicity of cryoprotectants, like Me2SO, raises questions about the impact of prolonged cell exposure to cryoprotectant at temperatures >0 °C during processing of large cell batches for allogenic therapies prior to rapid cooling in a controlled rate freezer or in the clinic prior to administration. Here we show that exposure of human bone marrow derived MSCs to Me2SO for ≥1 h before freezing, or after thawing, degrades membrane integrity, short-term cell attachment efficiency and alters cell immunophenotype. After 2 h's exposure to Me2SO at 37 °C post-thaw, membrane integrity dropped to ∼70% and only ∼50% of cells retained the ability to adhere to tissue culture plastic. Furthermore, only 70% of the recovered MSCs retained an immunophenotype consistent with the ISCT minimal criteria after exposure. We also saw a similar loss of membrane integrity and attachment efficiency after exposing osteoblast (HOS TE85) cells to Me2SO before, and after, cryopreservation. Overall, these results show that freezing medium exposure is a critical determinant of product quality as process scale increases. Defining and reporting cell sensitivity to freezing medium exposure, both before and after cryopreservation, enables a fair judgement of how scalable a particular cryopreservation process can be, and consequently whether the therapy has commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Morris
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Andrew Picken
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Duncan M C Sharp
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Christopher J Hewitt
- Aston Medical Research Institue, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Singh A, Singh A, Sen D. Mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: a detailed progress report of the last 6 years (2010-2015). Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27259550 PMCID: PMC4893234 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for cardiovascular regenerative therapy for decades. These cells have been established as one of the potential therapeutic agents, following several tests in animal models and clinical trials. In the process, various sources of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified which help in cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Although mesenchymal cell therapy has achieved considerable admiration, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. This in-depth review is an attempt to summarize the major sources of mesenchymal stem cells involved in myocardial regeneration, the significant mechanisms involved in the process with a focus on studies (human and animal) conducted in the last 6 years and the challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India. .,Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sung IY, Son HN, Ullah I, Bharti D, Park JM, Cho YC, Byun JH, Kang YH, Sung SJ, Kim JW, Rho GJ, Park BW. Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Follicle-derived Stem Cells by Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Their In Vivo Homing Property. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:841-852. [PMID: 27877076 PMCID: PMC5118755 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro cardiomyogenic differentiation potential of human dental follicle-derived stem cells (DFCs) under the influence of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a member of the histone deacetylase inhibitor family, and analyze the in vivo homing capacity of induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) when transplanted systemically. DFCs from extracted wisdom teeth showed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics such as plate adherent growing, expression of MSC markers (CD44, CD90, and CD105), and mesenchymal lineage-specific differentiation potential. Adding SAHA to the culture medium induced the successful in vitro differentiation of DFCs into cardiomyocytes. These iCMs expressed cardiomyogenic markers, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cardiac muscle troponin T (TNNT2), Desmin, and cardiac muscle alpha actin (ACTC1), at both the mRNA and protein level. For the assessment of homing capacity, PKH26 labeled iCMs were intraperitoneally injected (1×106 cells in 100 µL of PBS) into the experimental mice, and the ratios of PKH26 positive cells to the total number of injected cells, in multiple organs were determined. The calculated homing ratios, 14 days after systemic cell transplantation, were 5.6 ± 1.0%, 3.6 ± 1.1%, and 11.6 ± 2.7% in heart, liver, and kidney respectively. There was no difference in the serum levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 at 14 days after transplantation, between the experimental (iCM injected) and control (no injection or PBS injection) groups. These results demonstrate that DFCs can be an excellent source for cardiomyocyte differentiation and regeneration. Moreover, the iCMs can be delivered into heart muscle via systemic administration without eliciting inflammatory or immune response. This can serve as the pilot study for further investigations into the in vitro cardiomyogenic differentiation potential of DFCs under the influence of SAHA and the in vivo homing capacity of the iCMs into the heart muscle, when injected systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iel-Yong Sung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Son
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Cheol Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Sung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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