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Chizallet C, Bouchy C, Larmier K, Pirngruber G. Molecular Views on Mechanisms of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Zeolites. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6107-6196. [PMID: 36996355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The Brønsted acidity of proton-exchanged zeolites has historically led to the most impactful applications of these materials in heterogeneous catalysis, mainly in the fields of transformations of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Unravelling the mechanisms at the atomic scale of these transformations has been the object of tremendous efforts in the last decades. Such investigations have extended our fundamental knowledge about the respective roles of acidity and confinement in the catalytic properties of proton exchanged zeolites. The emerging concepts are of general relevance at the crossroad of heterogeneous catalysis and molecular chemistry. In the present review, emphasis is given to molecular views on the mechanism of generic transformations catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites of zeolites, combining the information gained from advanced kinetic analysis, in situ, and operando spectroscopies, and quantum chemistry calculations. After reviewing the current knowledge on the nature of the Brønsted acid sites themselves, and the key parameters in catalysis by zeolites, a focus is made on reactions undergone by alkenes, alkanes, aromatic molecules, alcohols, and polyhydroxy molecules. Elementary events of C-C, C-H, and C-O bond breaking and formation are at the core of these reactions. Outlooks are given to take up the future challenges in the field, aiming at getting ever more accurate views on these mechanisms, and as the ultimate goal, to provide rational tools for the design of improved zeolite-based Brønsted acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Christophe Bouchy
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Kim Larmier
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Gerhard Pirngruber
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
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Bai D, Meng J, Li C, Zhang M, Liang C. Mesoporosity and Acidity Manipulation in ZSM‐23 and their
n
‐Hexadecane Hydroisomerization Performance. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Bai
- Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jipeng Meng
- Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Chuang Li
- Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Tangshan College Tangshan 063000 China
| | - Changhai Liang
- Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) uses heat and pressure to liquefy the organic matter in biomass/waste feedstocks to produce biocrude. When hydrotreated the biocrude is converted into transportation fuels including sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Further, by liquifying the organic matter in wet wastes such as sewage sludge, manure, and food waste, HTL can prevent landfilling or other disposal methods such as anerobic digestion, or incineration. A significant roadblock to the development of a new route for SAF is the strict approval process, and the large volumes required (>400 L) for testing. Tier α and β testing can predict some of the properties required for ASTM testing with <400 mL samples. The current study is the first to investigate the potential for utilizing wet-waste HTL biocrude (WWHTLB) as an SAF feedstock. Herein, several WWHTLB samples were produced from food waste, sewage sludge, and fats, oils, and grease, and subsequently hydrotreated and distilled to produce SAF samples. The fuels (both undistilled and distilled samples) were analyzed via elemental and 2D-GC-MS. Herein, we report the Tier α and β analysis of an SAF sample derived originally from a WWHTLB. The results of this work indicate that the upgraded WWHTLB material exhibits key fuel properties, including carbon number distribution, distillation profile, surface tension, density, viscosity, heat of combustion, and flash point, which all fall within the required range for aviation fuel. WWHTLB has therefore been shown to be a promising candidate feedstock for the production of SAF.
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Chen Y, Meng J, Bai D, Li C, Chen X, Liang C. Effect of Extra-Framework Fe Species in Pt/Fe/ZSM-23 Catalysts on Hydroisomerization Performance of n-Hexadecane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Chen
- State key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jipeng Meng
- State key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Di Bai
- State key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Changhai Liang
- State key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals & Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Zhai M, Ding H, Zeng S, Jiang J, Xu S, Li X, Zhu K, Zhou X. Aluminous ZSM-48 Zeolite Synthesis Using a Hydroisomerization Intermediate Mimicking Allyltrimethylammonium Chloride as a Structure-Directing Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shu Zeng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiuxing Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiujie Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Kake Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Zhai M, Li L, Ba Y, Zhu K, Zhou X. Fabricating ZSM-23 with reduced aspect ratio through ball-milling and recrystallization: Synthesis, structure and catalytic performance in N-heptane hydroisomerization. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Piryutko LV, Chernyavskii VS, Lysikov AI, Kharitonov AS, Noskov AS. Isomerization of Ethylene Oxide into Acetaldehyde on Zeolite with MTT (ZSM-23 Type) Structure. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427218120157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yue T, Liu W, Li L, Zhao X, Zhu K, Zhou X, Yang W. Crystallization of ATO silicoaluminophosphates nanocrystalline spheroids using a phase-transfer synthetic strategy for n-heptane hydroisomerization. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zschiesche C, Himsl D, Rakoczy R, Reitzmann A, Freiding J, Wilde N, Gläser R. Hydroisomerization of Long-Chain n
-Alkanes over Bifunctional Zeolites with 10-Membered- and 12-Membered-Ring Pores. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Zschiesche
- Universität Leipzig; Institute of Chemical Technology; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Dieter Himsl
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Germany
| | - Rainer Rakoczy
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Germany
| | - Andreas Reitzmann
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Germany
| | - Jens Freiding
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Germany
| | - Nicole Wilde
- Universität Leipzig; Institute of Chemical Technology; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Roger Gläser
- Universität Leipzig; Institute of Chemical Technology; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
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Zschiesche C, Himsl D, Rakoczy R, Reitzmann A, Freiding J, Wilde N, Gläser R. Hydroisomerisierung von langkettigen n
-Alkanen an bifunktionellen Zeolith-Katalysatoren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Zschiesche
- Universität Leipzig; Institut für Technische Chemie; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Dieter Himsl
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Deutschland
| | - Rainer Rakoczy
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Deutschland
| | - Andreas Reitzmann
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Deutschland
| | - Jens Freiding
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; Waldheimer Straße 13 83052 Bruckmühl/Heufeld Deutschland
| | - Nicole Wilde
- Universität Leipzig; Institut für Technische Chemie; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Roger Gläser
- Universität Leipzig; Institut für Technische Chemie; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Deutschland
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Uvarkina DD, Piryutko LV, Danilova IG, Budukva SV, Klimov OV, Kharitonov AS, Noskov AS. Effect of boron on acid and catalytic properties of Pd-ZSM-23/Al2O3 catalysts in the reaction of diesel fuel hydroisomerization. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s10704272150110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Van Aelst J, Philippaerts A, Bartholomeeusen E, Fayad E, Thibault-Starzyk F, Lu J, Schryvers D, Ooms R, Verboekend D, Jacobs P, Sels B. Towards biolubricant compatible vegetable oils by pore mouth hydrogenation with shape-selective Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pore mouth hydrogenation of vegetable oil with Pt/ZSM-5 is confirmed by the similar intermediately melting product selectivity for various crystal sizes.
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Wiedemann SCC, Ristanović Z, Whiting GT, Reddy Marthala VR, Kärger J, Weitkamp J, Wels B, Bruijnincx PCA, Weckhuysen BM. Large Ferrierite Crystals as Models for Catalyst Deactivation during Skeletal Isomerisation of Oleic Acid: Evidence for Pore Mouth Catalysis. Chemistry 2015; 22:199-210. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gerasimov DN, Fadeev VV, Loginova AN, Lysenko SV. Hydroisomerization of long-chain paraffins: Mechanism and catalysts. Part II. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050415030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gerasimov DN, Fadeev VV, Loginova AN, Lysenko SV. Hydroisomerization of long-chain paraffins: Mechanism and catalysts. Part I. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050415020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Skeletal isomerisation of oleic acid over ferrierite in the presence and absence of triphenylphosphine: Pore mouth catalysis and related deactivation mechanisms. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gerasimov DN, Fadeev VV, Loginova AN, Lysenko SV. Catalysts based on zeolite ZSM-23 for isodewaxing of a lubricant stock. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050413020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Teketel S, Skistad W, Benard S, Olsbye U, Lillerud KP, Beato P, Svelle S. Shape Selectivity in the Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons: The Catalytic Performance of One-Dimensional 10-Ring Zeolites: ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-48, and EU-1. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200517u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shewangizaw Teketel
- inGAP Center for Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Wegard Skistad
- inGAP Center for Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandrine Benard
- inGAP Center for Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni Olsbye
- inGAP Center for Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Petter Lillerud
- inGAP Center for Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pablo Beato
- Haldor Topsøe, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stian Svelle
- inGAP Center for Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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Thybaut JW, Choudhury IR, Denayer JF, Baron GV, Jacobs PA, Martens JA, Marin GB. Design of Optimum Zeolite Pore System for Central Hydrocracking of Long-Chain n-Alkanes based on a Single-Event Microkinetic Model. Top Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-009-9274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sharma KK, Buckley RP, Asefa T. Optimizing acid-base bifunctional mesoporous catalysts for the henry reaction: effects of the surface density and site isolation of functional groups. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:14306-14320. [PMID: 19360970 DOI: 10.1021/la8030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the effects of the surface density and the spacing between grafted organoamines (and residual ungrafted silanols) of amine-functionalized mesoporous materials on their (cooperative) catalytic activity in the Henry reaction. The spacing between the bifunctional groups (amines and silanols), their site isolation, and their surface density were controlled by one-step or two-step grafting of a series of organosilanes containing linear alkylamine, alkyldiamine, alkyltriamine, and meta- and para-substituted aromatic amines onto mesoporous silica in ethanol and/or toluene. The grafting in ethanol produced site-isolated, flexible alkylamines, alkyldiamines, and alkyltriamines of different tether lengths and rigid meta- and para-substituted aromatic amines and high surface area materials, whereas the grafting in toluene resulted in closely spaced organoamines and materials with lower surface areas. The spacing between the organoamine groups was probed by complexing cupric ions with the amines and by measuring the electronic spectra of the complexes. The materials' catalytic activities were dependent not only on the degree of site isolation of the amine groups and the surface areas of the materials, but also on the relative spacing between the functional groups and their surface density. Samples grafted with monoamine groups in ethanol and samples grafted with diamine or triamine groups in toluene for 5 h gave approximately 100% conversion in 16 min of the Henry reaction between p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and nitromethane. However, the corresponding monoamine-grafted sample in toluene and diamine- and triamine-grafted samples in ethanol gave approximately 100% conversion after 1 h. On the basis of turnover number (TON) and TON per surface area, the samples containing optimum concentrations of approximately 0.8 - 1.5 mmol of grafted organoamines/g, which we dubbed as the critical density of organic grafted groups, gave the highest catalytic efficiencies. These samples have the most favorable amine-silanol cooperative catalytic activity. Furthermore, samples functionalized with rigid meta-substituted aminophenyl groups in ethanol showed higher catalytic efficiency than the corresponding sample containing the amine groups at the para-position, possibly due to the close proximity of the bifunctional groups in the former. The capping of ungrafted silanols with noncatalytic organosilanes in toluene resulted in reduction of catalytic activities, confirming the involvement of silanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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