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Negreiros FR, Halder A, Yin C, Singh A, Barcaro G, Sementa L, Tyo EC, Pellin MJ, Bartling S, Meiwes-Broer KH, Seifert S, Sen P, Nigam S, Majumder C, Fukui N, Yasumatsu H, Vajda S, Fortunelli A. Bimetallic Ag-Pt Sub-nanometer Supported Clusters as Highly Efficient and Robust Oxidation Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [PMID: 29239093 DOI: 10.1039/c6ta10989f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of Ag-Pt sub-nanometer clusters as heterogeneous catalysts in the CO→CO2 reaction (COox) is presented. Ag9 Pt2 and Ag9 Pt3 clusters are size-selected in the gas phase, deposited on an ultrathin amorphous alumina support, and tested as catalysts experimentally under realistic conditions and by first-principles simulations at realistic coverage. In situ GISAXS/TPRx demonstrates that the clusters do not sinter or deactivate even after prolonged exposure to reactants at high temperature, and present comparable, extremely high COox catalytic efficiency. Such high activity and stability are ascribed to a synergic role of Ag and Pt in ultranano-aggregates, in which Pt anchors the clusters to the support and binds and activates two CO molecules, while Ag binds and activates O2 , and Ag/Pt surface proximity disfavors poisoning by CO or oxidized species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avik Halder
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Chunrong Yin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Akansha Singh
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211019, India
| | - Giovanni Barcaro
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eric C Tyo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Pellin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Sönke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Prasenjit Sen
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211019, India
| | - Sandeep Nigam
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-, 400 085, India
| | - Chiranjib Majumder
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-, 400 085, India
| | - Nobuyuki Fukui
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0001, Japan
| | - Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: in, East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc. Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0001, Japan
| | - Stefan Vajda
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Burghaus U. Applications of electron beam lithography in surface science and catalysis – model-nano-array catalysts. CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737203-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Applications of electron beam lithography (EBL) in surface science and catalysis are detailed. Advantages and disadvantages of EBL in that field are critically discussed. Emphasis is placed on ultra-high vacuum model studies utilizing so-called model nano array catalysts which consist of a simple predetermined perriodic arrangement of clusters on a support. Discussed are surface reactions as well as the kinetics and dynamics of the interactions of gas-phase species with EBL catalysts. In addition, physical properties of these model catalysts are describes including theire cleaning, thermal stability, and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Burghaus
- North Dakota State UniversityFargo, North Dakota,
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Deshlahra P, Schneider WF, Bernstein GH, Wolf EE. Direct Control of Electron Transfer to the Surface-CO Bond on a Pt/TiO2 Catalytic Diode. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16459-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2020789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Deshlahra
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William F. Schneider
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Gary H. Bernstein
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eduardo E. Wolf
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Shui J, Li JCM. Platinum nanowires produced by electrospinning. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:1307-1314. [PMID: 19260644 DOI: 10.1021/nl802910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A method of making long (cm) Pt nanowires of a few nanometers diameter from electrospinning is described. A major problem of avoiding bead formation along the nanofibers is analyzed, and the conditions under which the bead formation is minimized are investigated. Our ultimate purpose is to make free-standing fuel cell electrodes from these nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglan Shui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Somorjai GA, York RL, Butcher D, Park JY. The evolution of model catalytic systems; studies of structure, bonding and dynamics from single crystal metal surfaces to nanoparticles, and from low pressure (<10−3Torr) to high pressure (>10−3Torr) to liquid interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3500-13. [PMID: 17612717 DOI: 10.1039/b618805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The material and pressure gap has been a long standing challenge in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and have transformed surface science and biointerfacial research. In heterogeneous catalysis, the material gap refers to the discontinuity between well-characterized model systems and industrially relevant catalysts. Single crystal metal surfaces have been useful model systems to elucidate the role of surface defects and the mobility of reaction intermediates in catalytic reactivity and selectivity. As nanoscience advances, we have developed nanoparticle catalysts with lithographic techniques and colloidal syntheses. Nanoparticle catalysts on oxide supports allow us to investigate several important ingredients of heterogeneous catalysis such as the metal-oxide interface and the influence of noble metal particle size and surface structure on catalytic selectivity. Monodispersed nanoparticle and nanowire arrays were fabricated for use as model catalysts by lithographic techniques. Platinum and rhodium nanoparticles in the 1-10 nm range were synthesized in colloidal solutions in the presence of polymer capping agents. The most catalytically active systems are employed at high pressure or at solid-liquid interfaces. In order to study the high pressure and liquid interfaces on the molecular level, experimental techniques with which we bridged the pressure gap in catalysis have been developed. These techniques include the ultrahigh vacuum system equipped with high pressure reaction cell, high pressure Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) vibration spectroscopy, High Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (HP-STM), and High Pressure X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (HP-XPS), and Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). In this article, we overview the development of experimental techniques and evolution of the model systems for the research of heterogeneous catalysis and biointerfacial studies that can shed light on the long-standing issues of materials and pressure gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor A Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Somorjai GA, Bratlie KM, Montano MO, Park JY. Dynamics of Surface Catalyzed Reactions; the Roles of Surface Defects, Surface Diffusion, and Hot Electrons. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:20014-22. [PMID: 17020389 DOI: 10.1021/jp062569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism that controls bond breaking at transition metal surfaces has been studied with sum frequency generation (SFG), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and catalytic nanodiodes operating under the high-pressure conditions. The combination of these techniques permits us to understand the role of surface defects, surface diffusion, and hot electrons in dynamics of surface catalyzed reactions. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and kinetic measurements were performed under 1.5 Torr of cyclohexene hydrogenation/dehydrogenation in the presence and absence of H(2) and over the temperature range 300-500 K on the Pt(100) and Pt(111) surfaces. The structure specificity of the Pt(100) and Pt(111) surfaces is exhibited by the surface species present during reaction. On Pt(100), pi-allyl c-C6H9, cyclohexyl (C6H11), and 1,4-cyclohexadiene are identified adsorbates, while on the Pt(111) surface, pi-allyl c-C6H9, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene are present. A scanning tunneling microscope that can be operated at high pressures and temperatures was used to study the Pt(111) surface during the catalytic hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of cyclohexene and its poisoning with CO. It was found that catalytically active surfaces were always disordered, while ordered surface were always catalytically deactivated. Only in the case of the CO poisoning at 350 K was a surface with a mobile adsorbed monolayer not catalytically active. From these results, a CO-dominated mobile overlayer that prevents reactant adsorption was proposed. By using the catalytic nanodiode, we detected the continuous flow of hot electron currents that is induced by the exothermic catalytic reaction. During the platinum-catalyzed oxidation of carbon monoxide, we monitored the flow of hot electrons over several hours using a metal-semiconductor Schottky diode composed of Pt and TiO2. The thickness of the Pt film used as the catalyst was 5 nm, less than the electron mean free path, resulting in the ballistic transport of hot electrons through the metal. The electron flow was detected as a chemicurrent if the excess electron kinetic energy generated by the exothermic reaction was larger than the effective Schottky barrier formed at the metal-semiconductor interface. The measurement of continuous chemicurrent indicated that chemical energy of exothermic catalytic reaction was directly converted into hot electron flux in the catalytic nanodiode. We found the chemicurrent was well-correlated with the turnover rate of CO oxidation separately measured by gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor A Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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