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Kharazmi A, Ghorbani-Vaghei R, Kharazmi A, Azadbakht R, Koolivand M, Karakaya I, Karimi-Nami R. Reduced graphene oxide/palladium nanoparticle bonded to N,N'-bis(2-aminophenyl)-1,2-ethanediamine: a new, highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for direct synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and aromatic diamine. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-05003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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2
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Rodenes M, Gonell F, Martín S, Corma A, Sorribes I. Molecularly Engineering Defective Basal Planes in Molybdenum Sulfide for the Direct Synthesis of Benzimidazoles by Reductive Coupling of Dinitroarenes with Aldehydes. JACS AU 2022; 2:601-612. [PMID: 35373204 PMCID: PMC8965831 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing more sustainable catalytic processes for preparing N-heterocyclic compounds in a less costly, compact, and greener manner from cheap and readily available reagents is highly desirable in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of benzimidazoles by reductive coupling of o-dinitroarenes with aldehydes in the presence of molecular hydrogen. An innovative molecular cluster-based synthetic strategy that employs Mo3S4 complexes as precursors have been used to engineer a sulfur-deficient molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-type material displaying structural defects on both the naturally occurring edge positions and along the typically inactive basal planes. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of functionalized 2-substituted benzimidazoles, including bioactive compounds, can be selectively synthesized by such a direct hydrogenative coupling protocol even in the presence of hydrogenation-sensitive functional groups, such as double and triple carbon-carbon bonds, nitrile and ester groups, and halogens as well as diverse types of heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodenes
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gonell
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Sorribes
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Tzani MA, Gabriel C, Lykakis IN. Selective Synthesis of Benzimidazoles from o-Phenylenediamine and Aldehydes Promoted by Supported Gold Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122405. [PMID: 33271922 PMCID: PMC7760220 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the catalytic efficacy of supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) towards the selective reaction between o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes that yields 2-substituted benzimidazoles. Among several supported gold nanoparticle platforms, the Au/TiO2 provides a series of 2-aryl and 2-alkyl substituted benzimidazoles at ambient conditions, in the absence of additives and in high yields, using the mixture CHCl3:MeOH in ratio 3:1 as the reaction solvent. Among the AuNPs catalysts used herein, the Au/TiO2 containing small-size nanoparticles is found to be the most active towards the present catalytic methodology. The Au/TiO2 can be recovered and reused at least five times without a significant loss of its catalytic efficacy. The present catalytic synthetic protocol applies to a broad substrate scope and represents an efficient method for the formation of a C–N bond under mild reaction conditions. Notably, this catalytic methodology provides the regio-isomer of the anthelmintic drug, Thiabendazole, in a lab-scale showing its applicability in the efficient synthesis of such N-heterocyclic molecules at industrial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Tzani
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Catherine Gabriel
- HERACLES Research Center, KEDEK, Laboratory of Environmental Engineering (EnvE-Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, AUTH, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis N. Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-2310-997871
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4
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Synthesis of benzimidazoles by two methods (C–H functionalization and condensation reaction) catalyzed by α-zirconium hydrogen phosphate-based nanocatalyst. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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MALEK B, BAHAMMOU İ, ZIMOU O, EL HALLAOUI A, GHAILANE R, BOUKHRİS S, SOUIZI A. Eco-friendly Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Mineral Fertilizers as Heterogeneous Catalysts. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.577101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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6
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Habibzadeh S, Firouzzadeh Pasha G, Tajbakhsh M, Amiri Andi N, Alaee E. A novel ternary GO@SiO
2
‐HPW nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzazoles in aqueous media. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Habibzadeh
- Department of ChemistryBabol Noshirvani University of Technology Babol Iran
| | | | | | - Nasim Amiri Andi
- Department of ChemistryBabol Noshirvani University of Technology Babol Iran
| | - Ehsan Alaee
- Neonatal and Children's Health Research CenterGolestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran
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7
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Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis of 2-Methylbenzimidazole from 2-Nitroaniline and Ethanol Over Mg Modified Cu-Pd/γ-Al2O3. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct synthesis of benzimidazoles from 2-nitroaniline and ethanol over Cu-Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts has the advantages of requiring easily available starting materials, having high efficiency, and a simple procedure. The modification by Mg of the Cu-Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst could improve the catalytic activity significantly. The addition of Mg to the Cu-Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst could maintain and promote the formation of CuPd alloy active sites. Meanwhile, the basicity of the support was enhanced appropriately by Mg, which generated more basic sites (Al-Oδ−) to accelerate the dehydrogenation of alcohol and increased the rate of the whole coupled reaction. The 2-nitroaniline was completely converted over Cu-Pd/(Mg)γ-Al2O3 after reacting for six hours, and the yield of 2-methylbenzimidazole was 98.8%. The results of this work provide a simple method to develop a more efficient catalyst for the “alcohol-dehydrogenation, hydrogen transfer and hydrogenation” coupled reaction system.
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Kaur G, Thakur S, Kaundal P, Chandel K, Banerjee B. p
‐Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid: An Efficient Brønsted Acid‐Surfactant‐Combined Catalyst to Carry out Diverse Organic Transformations in Aqueous Medium. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of ChemistryIndus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una Himachal Pradesh- 174301 India
| | - Shivani Thakur
- Department of ChemistryIndus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una Himachal Pradesh- 174301 India
| | - Priyanka Kaundal
- Department of ChemistryIndus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una Himachal Pradesh- 174301 India
| | - Kusum Chandel
- Department of ChemistryIndus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una Himachal Pradesh- 174301 India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of ChemistryIndus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una Himachal Pradesh- 174301 India
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Merroun Y, Chehab S, Ghailane T, Akhazzane M, Souizi A, Ghailane R. Preparation of tin-modified mono-ammonium phosphate fertilizer and its application as heterogeneous catalyst in the benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles synthesis. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Karimian A, Mohammadzadeh Kakhki R, Kargar Beidokhti H. Magnetic Co-doped NiFe2O4Nanocomposite: A Heterogeneous and Recyclable Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles under Solvent-Free Conditions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Karimian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Gonabad; Gonabad Iran
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11
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Rojas-Buzo S, García-García P, Corma A. Remarkable Acceleration of Benzimidazole Synthesis and Cyanosilylation Reactions in a Supramolecular Solid Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rojas-Buzo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, UPV-CSIC; Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Pilar García-García
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, UPV-CSIC; Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, UPV-CSIC; Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; P.O. Box 989 Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
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12
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Anchoring of Cu(II) onto surface of porous metal-organic framework through post-synthesis modification for the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Feng F, Ye J, Cheng Z, Xu X, Zhang Q, Ma L, Lu C, Li X. Cu–Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyzed the coupling of multi-step reactions: direct synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyzed by the synergy effects of Cu–Pd bimetal and acidity of γ-Al2O3, the transfer hydrogenation and successive cyclization coupling reaction from o-nitroaniline and alcohol to afford benzimidazole derivatives in high yield was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jia Ye
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Lei Ma
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Chunshan Lu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of Technology
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
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Alapati MLPR, Abburi SR, Mukkamala SB, Krishnaji Rao M. Simple and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles from θ-Diaminoarene and Aryl Aldehydes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1083581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Flexible ligand synthesis and characterization of a host (a copper(II) tetradentate Schiff base)/guest (zeolite NaY) nanocomposite material: an efficient and reusable catalyst for the selective hydroxylation of phenol. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Encapsulation of a copper(II) tetradentate Schiff base complex in zeolite NaY: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-015-9919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Rezazadeh S, Akhlaghinia B, Razavi N. Trichloroisocyanuric Acid/Triphenylphosphine-Mediated Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles, and Benzothiazoles. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient method for preparation of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles from reactions of different carboxylic acids with o-phenylenediamine, o-aminophenol, and o-aminothiophenol in the presence of triphenylphosphine/trichloroisocyanuric acid system is presented. The desired products have been characterised on the basis of spectral (infrared, NMR, mass spectrometry) data, and the mechanism of their formation is proposed. The remarkable advantages are the inexpensive and readily available reagent, simple procedure, mild conditions, and good-to-excellent yields.
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Copper doped K-birnessite as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazoles. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles Using 25 % Co/Ce-ZrO2 as a Heterogeneous and Nanocatalyst. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Synthesis of 2,5-disubstitued benzimidazole using SnCl2-catalyzed reduction system at room temperature. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Nasr-Esfahani M, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Khosropour AR, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Tangestaninejad S. Synthesis and characterization of Cu(II) containing nanosilica triazine dendrimer: A recyclable nanocomposite material for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, bis-benzimidazoles and bis-benzothiazoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Kumar V, Khandare DG, Chatterjee A, Banerjee M. DBSA mediated chemoselective synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Zirconyl (IV) Nitrate as Efficient and Reusable Solid Lewis Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper introduces a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles by heterocyclization of differento-phenylenediamines and substituted aromatic carboxylic acid/aldehyde in the presence of zirconyl nitrate as catalyst in ethanol under reflux, which produced excellent yield of corresponding benzimidazoles in a short reaction time with reusability of catalyst.
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Chen GF, Shen HD, Jia HM, Zhang LY, Kang HY, Qi QQ, Chen BH, Cao JL, Li JT. Eco-Friendly Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles Using Air as the Oxidant. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, environmentally friendly procedure for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles by the one-pot condensation of o-phenylenediamines with aromatic aldehydes using continuous bubbling of air in absolute ethanol at room temperature is described. The simplicity of the system, mild conditions, involvement of a non-toxic and practically inexhaustible oxidant, easy and quick isolation of the products, and moderate to good yields are the main advantages of this procedure.
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Different synthetic routes to 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Eco-friendly and efficient synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using iron oxide modified sepiolite catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-012-0469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Eshghi H, Rahimizadeh M, Shiri A, Sedaghat P. One-pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Benzothiazoles in the Presence of Fe(HSO4)3as a New and Efficient Oxidant. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.2.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Zhu C, Wei Y. An inorganic iodine-catalyzed oxidative system for the synthesis of benzimidazoles using hydrogen peroxide under ambient conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1082-1086. [PMID: 21853536 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nangjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
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