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Adak S, Maity ML, Bandyopadhyay S. Photoresponsive Small Molecule Enzyme Mimics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35361-35370. [PMID: 36249396 PMCID: PMC9558609 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme mimics emulate the catalytic activities of their natural counterparts. Light-responsive enzyme mimics are an emerging branch of biomimetic chemistry where the catalytic activities can be controlled reversibly by light. These light-responsive systems are constructed by incorporating a suitable photoswitchable unit around the active-site mimic. As these systems are addressable by light, they do not leave back any undesired side products, and their activation-deactivation can be easily controlled. Naturally, these systems have enormous potential in the field of on-demand catalysis. The synthetic light-responsive enzyme mimics are robust and stable under harsh conditions. They do not require special handling protocols like those for real enzymes and can be tailor-made for improved solubility in a variety of solvents. How the introduction of the light-responsive systems has offered a new-edge to the field of small-molecule enzyme mimic has been elaborated in this Mini-review. Recent breakthroughs in light-responsive enzyme-like systems have been highlighted. Finally, the current obstacles and future prospects of this field have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Adak
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Manik Lal Maity
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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Li J, Jia W, Ma G, Zhang X, An S, Wang T, Shi S. Construction of pH sensitive smart glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimics based on pH responsive pseudorotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3125-3134. [PMID: 32255146 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two organoselenium compounds, both of which were modified with two primary amine groups, were designed and synthesized to mimic the catalytic properties of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). It was demonstrated that the catalytic mechanism of the diselenide organoselenium compound (compound 1) was a ping-pong mechanism while that of the selenide organoselenium compound (compound 2) was a sequential mechanism. The pH-controlled switching of the catalytic activities was achieved by controlling the formation and dissociation of the pseudorotaxanes based on the organoselenium compounds and cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]). Moreover, the switching was reversible at pH between 7 and 9 for compound 1 or between 7 and 10 for compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlong Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ganghui Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojie An
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
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Kuah E, Toh S, Yee J, Ma Q, Gao Z. Enzyme Mimics: Advances and Applications. Chemistry 2016; 22:8404-30. [PMID: 27062126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme mimics or artificial enzymes are a class of catalysts that have been actively pursued for decades and have heralded much interest as potentially viable alternatives to natural enzymes. Aside from having catalytic activities similar to their natural counterparts, enzyme mimics have the desired advantages of tunable structures and catalytic efficiencies, excellent tolerance to experimental conditions, lower cost, and purely synthetic routes to their preparation. Although still in the midst of development, impressive advances have already been made. Enzyme mimics have shown immense potential in the catalysis of a wide range of chemical and biological reactions, the development of chemical and biological sensing and anti-biofouling systems, and the production of pharmaceuticals and clean fuels. This Review concerns the development of various types of enzyme mimics, namely polymeric and dendrimeric, supramolecular, nanoparticulate and proteinic enzyme mimics, with an emphasis on their synthesis, catalytic properties and technical applications. It provides an introduction to enzyme mimics and a comprehensive summary of the advances and current standings of their applications, and seeks to inspire researchers to perfect the design and synthesis of enzyme mimics and to tailor their functionality for a much wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kuah
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Seraphina Toh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Jessica Yee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax.
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Yin Y, Jiao S, Zhang R, Hu X, Shi Z, Huang Z. Construction of a smart microgel glutathione peroxidase mimic based on supramolecular self-assembly. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5301-5312. [PMID: 26053236 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00671f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to construct smart artificial glutathione peroxidase (GPx) featuring high catalytic activity in an efficient preparation process, an artificial microgel GPx (PPAM-ADA-Te) has been prepared using a supramolecular host-guest self-assembly technique. Herein, 6,6'-telluro-bis(6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin) (CD-Te-CD) was selected as a tellurium-containing host molecule, which also served as the crosslinker for the scaffold of the supramolecular microgel. And an adamantane-containing block copolymer (PPAM-ADA) was designed and synthesized as a guest building block copolymer. Subsequently, PPAM-ADA-Te was constructed through the self-assembly of CD-Te-CD and PPAM-ADA. The formation of this self-assembled construct was confirmed by dynamic light scattering, NMR, SEM and TEM. Notably, PPAM-ADA-Te not only exhibits a significant temperature responsive catalytic activity, but also features the characteristic saturation kinetics behaviour similar to that of a natural enzyme catalyst. We demonstrate in this paper that both the hydrophobic microenvironment and the crosslinker in this supramolecular microgel network played significant roles in enhancing and altering the temperature responsive catalytic behaviour. The successful construction of PPAM-ADA-Te not only provides a novel method for the preparation of microgel artificial GPx with high catalytic activity but also provides properties suitable for the future development of intelligent antioxidant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Yin Y, Jiao S, Wang Y, Zhang R, Shi Z, Hu X. Construction of a Artificial Glutathione Peroxidase with Temperature-Dependent Activity Based on a Supramolecular Graft Copolymer. Chembiochem 2015; 16:670-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yin Y, Jiao S, Lang C, Liu J. A supramolecular microgel glutathione peroxidase mimic with temperature responsive activity. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3374-3385. [PMID: 24652520 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) protects cells from oxidative damage by scavenging surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS). Commonly, an appropriate amount of ROS acts as a signal molecule in the metabolism. A smart artificial GPx exhibits adjustable catalytic activity, which can potentially reduce the amount of ROS to an appropriate degree and maintain its important physiological functions in metabolism. To construct an optimum and excellent smart artificial GPx, a novel supramolecular microgel artificial GPx (SM-Te) was prepared based on the supramolecular host-guest interaction employing the tellurium-containing guest molecule (ADA-Te-ADA) and the cyclodextrin-containing host block copolymer (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-[polyacrylamides-co-poly(6-o-(triethylene glycol monoacrylate ether)-β-cyclodextrin)], PPAM-CD) as building blocks. Subsequently, based on these building blocks, SM-Te was constructed and the formation of its self-assembled structure was confirmed by dynamic light scattering, NMR, SEM, TEM, etc. Typically, benefitting from the temperature responsive properties of the PNIPAM scaffold, SM-Te also exhibited similar temperature responsive behaviour. Importantly, the GPx catalytic rates of SM-Te displayed a noticeable temperature responsive characteristic. Moreover, SM-Te exhibited the typical saturation kinetics behaviour of a real enzyme catalyst. It was proved that the changes of the hydrophobic microenvironment and the pore size in the supramolecular microgel network of SM-Te played significant roles in altering the temperature responsive catalytic behaviour. The successful construction of SM-Te not only overcomes the insurmountable disadvantages existing in previous covalent bond crosslinked microgel artificial GPx but also bodes well for the development of novel intelligent antioxidant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinzhou University, No. 89, Xihuan Nanlu, Qinzhou 535000, People's Republic of China.
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Yin Y, Jiao S, Lang C, Liu J. A smart artificial glutathione peroxidase with temperature responsive activity constructed by host–guest interaction and self-assembly. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04042b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A smart supramolecular artificial glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with tunable catalytic activity was prepared based on host–guest interaction and a blending process. The change of the self-assembled structure of SGPxmax during the temperature responsive process played a significant role in altering the temperature responsive catalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qinzhou University
- Qinzhou 535000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufei Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qinzhou University
- Qinzhou 535000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Raynal M, Ballester P, Vidal-Ferran A, van Leeuwen PWNM. Supramolecular catalysis. Part 2: artificial enzyme mimics. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1734-87. [PMID: 24365792 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of artificial catalysts able to compete with the catalytic proficiency of enzymes is an intense subject of research. Non-covalent interactions are thought to be involved in several properties of enzymatic catalysis, notably (i) the confinement of the substrates and the active site within a catalytic pocket, (ii) the creation of a hydrophobic pocket in water, (iii) self-replication properties and (iv) allosteric properties. The origins of the enhanced rates and high catalytic selectivities associated with these properties are still a matter of debate. Stabilisation of the transition state and favourable conformations of the active site and the product(s) are probably part of the answer. We present here artificial catalysts and biomacromolecule hybrid catalysts which constitute good models towards the development of truly competitive artificial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Raynal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Li ZQ, Zhang YM, Chen HZ, Zhao J, Liu Y. Hierarchical Organization of Spherical Assembly with Reversibly Photocontrollable Cross-Links. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5110-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071,
P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071,
P.R. China
| | - Hong-Zhong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071,
P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071,
P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071,
P.R. China
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Domi Y, Ikeura K, Okamura K, Shimazu K, Porter MD. Strong inclusion of inorganic anions into β-cyclodextrin immobilized to gold electrode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10580-10586. [PMID: 21728339 DOI: 10.1021/la1051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of inorganic anions such as SO(4)(2-), NO(3)(-), and HPO(4)(2-) into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin monolayers on Au was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and chronocoulometric measurements of the competitive inclusion with ferrocene. The inclusion amounts of ferrocence in 0.2 M Na(2)SO(4), NaNO(3), and Na(2)HPO(4) solutions were less than 6% of the adsorption amount of β-cyclodextrin on Au, resulting in the apparent inhibition of the ferrocene redox reaction. The surface association constants of these anions reached about 10 on a logarithmic scale and were much higher than those for the inclusion of common organic guest compounds. A stronger anion inclusion was also demonstrated by the QCM response corresponding to the replacement of a preincluded organic guest with sulfate upon the injection of the sulfate solution. Quantitative analysis of the XPS data suggested a 1:1 association for each of these anions per surface β-cyclodextrin. There was no detectable inclusion for ClO(4)(-), Cl(-), and Br(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Domi
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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