SCR of Nitric Oxide by Hydrogen over Pd and Ir Based Catalysts with Different Supports

Dispersion and stability mechanism of Pt nanoparticles on transition-metal oxides

The heterogeneous catalysts of Pt/transition-metal oxides are typically synthesized through calcination at 500 °C, and Pt nanoparticles are uniformly and highly dispersed when hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is applied before calcination. The influence of H₂O₂ on the dispersion and the stability of Pt nanoparticles on titania-incorporated fumed silica (Pt/Ti-FS) supports was examined using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements at the Pt L₃ and Ti K edges as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The local structural and chemical properties around Pt and Ti atoms of Pt/Ti-FS with and without H₂O₂ treatment were monitored using in-situ XAFS during heating from room temperature to 500 °C. XAFS revealed that the Pt nanoparticles of H₂O₂-Pt/Ti-FS are highly stable and that the Ti atoms of H₂O₂-Pt/Ti-FS support form into a distorted-anatase TiO₂. DFT calculations showed that Pt atoms bond more stably to oxidized-TiO₂ surfaces than they do to bare- and reduced-TiO₂ surfaces. XAFS measurements and DFT calculations clarified that the presence of extra oxygen atoms due to the H₂O₂ treatment plays a critical role in the strong bonding of Pt atoms to TiO₂ surfaces.

Understanding the promotional effect of 3d transition metals (Fe, Co, Cu) on Pd/TiO2 for H2-SCR

The addition of 3d transition metal (Fe, Co, Cu) oxides on Pd/TiO₂ catalysts show that the formation of monodentate nitrates is the rate limiting step in the formation of NH_x species, which is active intermediate for the enhancement of H₂-SCR activities.

SO2-tolerant and H2O-promoting Pt/C catalysts for efficient NO removal via fixed-bed H2-SCR

In this paper, Pt supports on carbon black powder (Vulcan XC-72) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with H₂ in the presence of 2 vol% O₂ over a wide temperature of 20-300 °C. The results showed that the 3 and 5 wt% Pt/C catalysts resulted in high NO conversion (>90 %) over a temperature range of 120 to 300 °C, and the maximum NO conversion of 98.6 % was achieved over 5 wt% Pt/C at 120 °C. Meanwhile, the influence of SO₂ and H₂O on the catalyst performance of 3 wt% Pt/C was investigated. The catalysts exhibited good SO₂ poisoning resistance when the SO₂ concentration was lower than 260 ppm. Moreover, a positive effect on NO conversion was detected with the addition of 3 and 5 vol% H₂O in the feed gas stream. Graphical abstract TEM image and good NO conversion performance of the Pt/C catalysts.

Highly selective catalytic reduction of NO via SO2/H2O-tolerant spinel catalysts at low temperature

Selective catalytic reduction of NO X by hydrogen (H2-SCR) in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over the NiCo2O4 and Pd-doped NiCo2O4 catalysts under varying conditions. The catalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method in the presence of oxygen within 50-350 °C and were characterized using XRD, BET, EDS, XPS, Raman, H2-TPR, and NH3-TPD analysis. The results demonstrated that the doped Pd could improve the catalyst reducibility and change the surface acidity and redox properties, resulting in a higher catalytic performance. The performance of NiCo1.95Pd0.05O4 was consistently better than that of NiCo2O4 within the 150-350 °C range at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 4800 mL g(-1) h(-1), with a feed stream containing 1070 ppm NO, 10,700 ppm H2, 2 % O2, and N2 as balance gas. The effects of GHSV, NO/H2 ratios, and O2 feed concentration on the NO conversion over the NiCo2O4 and NiCo1.95Pd0.05O4 catalysts were also investigated. The two samples similarly showed that an increase in GHSV from 4800 to 9600 mL h(-1) g(-1), the NO/H2 ratio from 1:10 to 1:1, and the O2 content from 0 to 6 % would result in a decrease in NO conversion. In addition, 2 %, 5 %, and 8 % H2O into the feed gas had a slightly negative influence on SCR activity over the two catalysts. The effect of SO2 on the SCR activity indicated that the NiCo1.95Pd0.05O4 possesses better SO2 tolerance than NiCo2O4 catalyst does. Graphical abstract The NiCo1.95Pd0.05O4 catalyst achieved over 90 % NO conversion with N2 selectivity of 100 % in the 200∼250 °C range than the maximum 40.5 % NO conversion over NiCo2O4 with N2 selectivity of approximately 80 % in 350 °C.