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Lee SW, Jeon B, Lee H, Park JY. Hot Electron Phenomena at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9435-9448. [PMID: 36194546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of energy dissipation and charge transfer under exothermic chemical reactions on metal catalyst surfaces is important for elucidating the fundamental phenomena at solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. Recently, many surface chemistry studies have been conducted on the solid-liquid interface, so correlating electronic excitation in the liquid-phase with the reaction mechanism plays a crucial role in heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, we introduce the detection principle of electron transfer at the solid-liquid interface by developing cutting-edge technologies with metal-semiconductor Schottky nanodiodes. The kinetics of hot electron excitation are well correlated with the reaction rates, demonstrating that the operando method for understanding nonadiabatic interactions is helpful in studying the reaction mechanism of surface molecular processes. In addition to the detection of hot electrons excited by a catalytic reaction, we highlight recent results on how the transfer of the hot electrons influences surface chemical and photoelectrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education (KNUE), Chungbuk28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
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Rahamim M, Cohen H, Edri E. Chemistry and Charge Trapping at the Interface of Silver and Ultrathin Layers of Zinc Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49423-49432. [PMID: 34628851 PMCID: PMC8592502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide, a wide-band-gap semiconductor, shows intriguing optoelectronic properties when coupled with Ag. Specifically, an absorbance band in the visible range that is not apparent in the separated materials emerges when the interface is formed. Interestingly, photoexcitation of this "interface band" or band-to-band results in a counterintuitive photovoltaic response when a supra/sub-band-gap light is shone. To investigate the origin of this absorbance band and photovoltaic response, we studied in detail the energy-band alignment of ultrathin layers of ZnO (3-60 nm) with Ag. Our analysis indicated that an 'electrostatic potential cliff' is formed within the first 1-2 nm of ZnO. In addition, oxygen vacancies, presumably generated by AgxO-Zn bonds, form mid-gap acceptor states within these first few nm. Both effects facilitate a valence band-to-defect state optical transition that is confined to the interface region. The second type of defects-hole-trap states associated with zinc hydroxide-are spread throughout the ZnO layer and dominate the supra-band-gap photovoltaic response. These findings have potential implications in emerging technologies such as photocatalytic Ag/ZnO heterostructures that will utilize the long-lived charges for chemical work or other optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rahamim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University
of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - H. Cohen
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - E. Edri
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University
of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse
Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Be’er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Blechner
Center for Industrial Catalysis and Process Development, Be’er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Kim J, Choi H, Kim D, Park JY. Operando Surface Studies on Metal-Oxide Interfaces of Bimetal and Mixed Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongjin Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Choi
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Jeon B, Lee C, Park JY. Electronic Control of Hot Electron Transport Using Modified Schottky Barriers in Metal-Semiconductor Nanodiodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9252-9259. [PMID: 33587596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hot electron flux, generated by both incident light energy and the heat of the catalytic reaction, is a major element for energy conversion at the surface. Controlling hot electron flux in a reversible manner is extremely important for achieving high energy conversion efficiency. Here we demonstrate that hot electron flux can be controlled by tuning the Schottky barrier height. This phenomenon was monitored by using a Schottky nanodiode composed of a metal-semiconductor. The formation of a Schottky barrier at a nanometer scale inevitably accompanies an intrinsic image potential between the metal-semiconductor junction, which lowers the effective Schottky barrier height. When a reverse bias is applied to the nanodiode, an additional image potential participates in a secondary barrier lowering, leading to the increased hot electron flow. Besides, a decrease of tunneling width results in facile electron transport through the barrier. The increased hot electron flux by the chemical reaction (chemicurrent) and by the photon absorption (photocurrent) indicates hot electrons are captured more effectively by modifying the Schottky barrier. This study can shed light on a quantitative understanding and application of charge behavior at metal-semiconductor interfaces, in solar energy conversion, or in a catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Nedrygailov I, Heo Y, Kim H, Park JY. Charge Transfer during the Aluminum-Water Reaction Studied with Schottky Nanodiode Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20838-20843. [PMID: 31858070 PMCID: PMC6906933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aluminum-water reaction is a promising source for hydrogen production. However, experimental studies of this reaction are difficult because of the highly concentrated alkaline solution used to activate the surface of aluminum. Here, we show that the reaction kinetics can be monitored in real time by a Schottky diode sensor, consisting of an ultrathin aluminum film deposited on a semiconductor substrate. Charge resulting from the corrosion of the aluminum film causes an electrical signal in the sensor, which is proportional to the rate of the chemical process. We discuss the possible mechanisms for the reaction-induced charge generation and transfer, as well as the use of Schottky diode based sensors for operando studies of the aluminum-water reaction and similar reactions on metals in concentrated alkaline solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen
I. Nedrygailov
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeob Heo
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and EEWS Graduate School, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and EEWS Graduate School, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and EEWS Graduate School, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Maurer RJ, Zhang Y, Guo H, Jiang B. Hot electron effects during reactive scattering of H2 from Ag(111): assessing the sensitivity to initial conditions, coupling magnitude, and electronic temperature. Faraday Discuss 2019; 214:105-121. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We use an analytical representation of electronic friction for H2 on Ag(111) to assess the validity and robustness of the MDEF method based on TDPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard J. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Scientific Computing
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Yaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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Goddeti KC, Lee H, Jeon B, Park JY. Enhancing hot electron collection with nanotube-based three-dimensional catalytic nanodiode under hydrogen oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8968-8971. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel three-dimensional catalytic nanodiode composed of a Pt thin film on TiO2 nanotubes was designed for the efficient detection of the flux of hot electrons, or chemicurrent, under hydrogen oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan C. Goddeti
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoon Jeon
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of EEWS
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