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Kaur I, Batra V, Bogireddy NK, Baveja J, Kumar Y, Agarwal V. Chemical- and green-precursor-derived carbon dots for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. iScience 2024; 27:108920. [PMID: 38352227 PMCID: PMC10863327 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and untreated industrial effluents loaded with toxic and carcinogenic contaminants, especially dyes that discharge into environmental waters, have led to a rise in water pollution, with a substantial adverse impact on marine life and humankind. Photocatalytic techniques are one of the most successful methods that help in degradation and/or removal of such contaminants. In recent years, semiconductor quantum dots are being substituted by carbon dots (CDs) as photocatalysts, due to the ease of formation, cost-effectiveness, possible sustainability and scalability, much lower toxicity, and above all its high capacity to harvest sunlight (UV, visible, and near infrared) through electron transfer that enhances the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers. A better understanding between the properties of the CDs and their role in photocatalytic degradation of dyes and contaminants is required for the formation of controllable structures and adjustable outcomes. The focus of this review is on CDs and its composites as photocatalysts obtained from different sustainable green as well as chemical precursors. Apart from the synthesis, characterization, and properties of the CDs, the study also highlights the effect of different parameters on the photocatalytic properties of CDs and their composites for catalytic dye degradation mechanisms in detail. Besides the present research development in the field, potential challenges and future perspectives are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderbir Kaur
- Department of Electronic Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Batra
- Department of Physics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Jasmina Baveja
- Invited Researcher at Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Y. Kumar
- Departamento de Fisico Matematica, UANL, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - V. Agarwal
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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2
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Mohammad NN. Carbon Dots from Tire Waste for the Photodegradation of Methyl Orange Dye, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Study. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301358. [PMID: 37867143 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, solvothermal pathway was employed for the synthesis of P, N codoped C-dot using tire waste as a sustainable source of carbon and nitrogen. Comprehensive analyses encompassing X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-Vis spectra were used to assess the crystalline structure, purity, size, fluorescence up-conversion, and morphological attributes of the nanomaterial. Subsequently, the produced C-dots were evaluated for their efficacy in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes, demonstrating notable success in degrading methyl orange dye within eight hours in the visible region. Furthermore, the same nanomaterial was applied for carrying out agar disk-diffusion assays against a spectrum of microorganisms. Results revealed substantial inhibition zones against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Elucidating the antimicrobial mechanism, molecular-docking simulations were excuted using on AutoDock Vina with designated ligands. The results indicated a strong binding affinity of the C-dots with certain proteins associated with antibacterial activity. This observation suggests that the synthesized C-dots effectively engage with the active sites of these proteins, indicating their potential as promising antibacterial agents. Importantly, this study implies that C-dots do not induce protein denaturation, thereby warranting further investigation of their utility as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian N Mohammad
- University of Sulaimani, College of Science, Department of Chemistry
- Komar University of Science and Technology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science
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3
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Novel and Facile Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots from Chicken Feathers and Their Application as a Photocatalyst to Degrade Methylene Blue Dye. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/9956427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a most commonly used synthetic dye in the textile industry. It is an extremely carcinogenic phenothiazine derivative and therefore needs to be removed from the water bodies. In the present study, a single-step hydrothermal novel synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) extracted from biomass of chicken feathers has been performed, and the synthesized CQDs were applied to remove MB present in the aqueous samples. A number of techniques such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples for the conformity purposes. SEM and XRD analysis showed that CQDs are highly crystalline and have spherical structures with an average particle diameter of 35 nm. In the presence of 0.2 g of synthesized CQDs, MB dye degraded drastically under the sunlight. The rate of degradation was studied by determining the absorbance of the degraded sample with time relevant to untreated sample. The % degradation achieved during first 60 min of time was approximately 92% which increased minimally to a value of only 95% after 100 min of time. The ease of synthesis of carbon dots at low cost contributes hugely to their utilizations as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of aqueous pollutants. The opted approach to synthesize CQDs is cost-effective and eco-friendly and demonstrates excellent potential to remove MB from the aqueous samples.
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Idrees SA, Jamil LA, Omer KM. Efficient photo-Fenton catalysis using magnetic iron nanoparticles decorated boron nitride quantum dots: theoretical and experimental investigations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6779-6792. [PMID: 36860532 PMCID: PMC9969755 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve the efficient removal of pharmaceutical wastes, novel photo-Fenton catalysts, iron-decorated boron nitride quantum dots (Fe@BNQDs) were prepared. Fe@BNQDs were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The decoration of Fe on the surface of BNQDs enhanced the catalytic efficiency due to the photo-Fenton process. Photo-Fenton catalytic degradation of folic acid was investigated under UV and visible light. The influence of H2O2, catalyst dose, and temperature on the degradation yield of folic acid was investigated using Response Surface Methodology. Moreover, the efficiency of the photocatalysts and kinetics was investigated. Radical trapping experiments revealed that holes were the main dominant species in the photo-Fenton degradation mechanism and BNQDs played active roles because of their hole extraction ability. Additionally, active species such as e- and O2 -˙ have a medium effect. The computational simulation was utilized to provide insights into this fundamental process, and for this purpose, electronic and optical properties were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwar A. Idrees
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of ZakhoKurdistan RegionIraq
| | - Lazgin A. Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of ZakhoKurdistan RegionIraq
| | - Khalid M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of SulaimaniKurdistan RegionIraq
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Jung H, Sapner VS, Adhikari A, Sathe BR, Patel R. Recent Progress on Carbon Quantum Dots Based Photocatalysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:881495. [PMID: 35548671 PMCID: PMC9081694 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.881495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel carbon allotrope, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been investigated in various fields, including photocatalysis, bioimaging, optoelectronics, energy and photovoltaic devices, biosensing, and drug delivery owing to their unique optical and electronic properties. In particular, CQDs' excellent sunlight harvesting ability, tunable photoluminescence (PL), up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL), and efficient photo-excited electron transfer have enabled their applications in photocatalysis. This work focuses on the recent progress on CQDs-related materials' synthesis, properties, and applications in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwapyung Jung
- Nano Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Vijay S. Sapner
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Bhaskar R. Sathe
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Bhaskar R. Sathe, ; Rajkumar Patel,
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Bhaskar R. Sathe, ; Rajkumar Patel,
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j VK, Velusamy A, Arulmozhi R, Abirami N. Boron doped Fluorescent Carbon Nano Dots for reduction of ionic dyes and as Encryption and decryption QR code labels. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work discusses the synthesis of fluorescent undoped and boron-doped carbon nanodots (BDCNDs) by a simple hydrothermal approach using Tribulus terretris as carbon precursor and boric acid as boron source....
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Dual-emitter polymer carbon dots with spectral selection towards nanomolar detection of iron and aluminum ions. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Liu L, Mi Z, Wang J, Liu Z, Feng F. A label-free fluorescent sensor based on yellow-green emissive carbon quantum dots for ultrasensitive detection of congo red and cellular imaging. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang X, Gao S, Xu N, Xu L, Chen S, Mei C, Xu C. Facile synthesis of phosphorus‐nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots from cyanobacteria for bioimaging. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Gao
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Science Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Changtong Mei
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Changyan Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu L, Mi Z, Guo Z, Wang J, Feng F. A label-free fluorescent sensor based on carbon quantum dots with enhanced sensitive for the determination of myricetin in real samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Synthesis, characterization of polystyrene-phosphate films and their application as heterogeneous catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation in solvent-free conditions. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Inner filter effect (IFE) as a simple and selective sensing platform for detection of tetracycline using milk-based nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots as fluorescence probe. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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13
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Le S, Li W, Wang Y, Jiang X, Yang X, Wang X. Carbon dots sensitized 2D-2D heterojunction of BiVO 4/Bi 3TaO 7 for visible light photocatalytic removal towards the broad-spectrum antibiotics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 376:1-11. [PMID: 31096108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Focused on the removal of the complicated residual antibiotic in aqueous environment, in this work, a novel carbon dots (C-dots) sensitized 2D-2D heterojunction of BiVO4/Bi3TaO7 were assembled through a simple hydrothermal process. The characteristic by TEM, SEM, and XPS confirmed C-dots evenly anchored on the surface of BiVO4/Bi3TaO7 heterojunction. The as-prepared C-dots/BiVO4/Bi3TaO7 showed superior performance for the degradation of the various antibiotics under visible light illumination. When the concentration of C-dots in the composite is 3 wt.%, the photodegraded rates are obtained to be 91.7%, 89.3%, 87.1%, for tetracycline (TC), amoxicillin (AMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), respectively, without significant deactivation during consecutive ten recycle experiments. Furthermore, by assessing the antibiotics mixture solution of TC, AMX and CIP, it is proposed that the prepared samples are potentially effective for the wastewater effluents. A probable mechanism was reasonably proposed. The improved photocatalytic activities could be attributed to the unique construction of the C-dots mediated heterojunction, which could expedite electron migration, improve light harvesting capacity and enhance charge separation efficiency. The present investigation may provide a new perspective to design C-dots mediated heterojunction which could be a potential visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the better practical applications in remediation of broad-spectrum antibiotic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Le
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanjiang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
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14
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Omer KM, Hama Aziz KH, Mohammed SJ. Improvement of selectivity via the surface modification of carbon nanodots towards the quantitative detection of mercury ions. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent carbon nanodots are promising fluorophores for biochemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental analysis due to their facile preparation, biocompatibility, tunability, and low-cost precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Sulaimani
- Iraq
- Komar Research Center
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15
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Hama Aziz KH, Omer KM, Hamarawf RF. Lowering the detection limit towards nanomolar mercury ion detection via surface modification of N-doped carbon quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of carbon dots can lower the detection limit of trace analysis which is challenging in analytical chemistry and environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science University of Sulaimani
- Sulaimani-
- Sulaimani City
- Iraq
| | - Khalid M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science University of Sulaimani
- Sulaimani-
- Sulaimani City
- Iraq
| | - Rebaz Fayaq Hamarawf
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science University of Sulaimani
- Sulaimani-
- Sulaimani City
- Iraq
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16
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Omer KM, Tofiq DI, Hassan AQ. Solvothermal synthesis of phosphorus and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for iron(III). Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:466. [PMID: 30229316 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) doped with phosphorus and nitrogen were prepared via a hydrothermal method starting from citric acid, urea and phosphoric acid in dimethylformamide solution. The size, morphology, surface composition, energy levels, and optical properties of the CQDs were characterized. They show both green down-conversion and up-conversion fluorescence. Ferric ions (Fe3+) are found to quench the fluorescence. Cyclic voltammetry was used to identify the HOMO and LUMO levels of the doped CQDs. The quenching mechanism, as confirmed by energy level calculations and absorption spectra, can be attributed to the selective coordination of Fe3+ by the surface functional groups on the CQDs. This facilitates the photo-induced electron transfer from the CQDs to the d orbitals of Fe3+. The CQDs are shown to be viable fluorescent probes for determination of Fe3+ with high selectivity and sensitivity. The assay has a linear response in the 0.1 μM to 0.9 μM Fe3+ concentration range and a 50 nM as limit of detection (at a S/N ratio of 3). Graphical abstract Fluorescence probe for determination of ferric ions based on carbon quantum dot quenching via chelation facilitate photo-electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani-Kirkuk Main Road, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, 46002, Iraq. .,Komar University of Science and Technology, Qliasan St, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, 460002, Iraq.
| | - Diary I Tofiq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani-Kirkuk Main Road, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, 46002, Iraq.,Komar University of Science and Technology, Qliasan St, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, 460002, Iraq
| | - Aso Q Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani-Kirkuk Main Road, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, 46002, Iraq.,Komar University of Science and Technology, Qliasan St, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, 460002, Iraq
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