Lusiana RA, Nuryanto R, Dayanti D, Khabibi, Wijayati N, Sasongko NA, Wijaya AR. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol immersed in sodium hydroxide thin film as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production.
Int J Biol Macromol 2023;
251:126378. [PMID:
37595724 DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126378]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a potential renewable energy source that can be used to replace fossil fuels because of its low toxicity, biodegradability, and renewability. However, biodiesel production requires long reaction times. Hence, a catalyst is needed to speed up the reaction and optimize production conditions. CS/PVA thin film catalyst immersed in NaOH has intriguing catalytic properties that can improve biodiesel conversion efficiency. In this paper, a series of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol‑sodium hydroxide (CS/PVA-NaOH) thin films have been prepared as heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production. According to the FTIR spectra data, It shows that the vibrational frequency of the hydroxyl group (-OH) shifted from 3271 cm-1 to 3290 cm-1, indicating the hydrogen bond interaction between chitosan and PVA. Water uptake (45.42-218.64 %), swelling (120.63-142.99 %), porosity (62.67-243.43 %), and the durability of the thin film at pH conditions of 5-11 have been found to be the physicochemical characteristics of blended Chitosan/PVA (4/1; 3/2; 2.5/2.5; 2/3; 1/4 (v/v)). The optimal conditions for producing biodiesel were found to be around 65 °C for 90 min with an oil: methanol molar ratio of 1:7. By using a heterogeneous catalyst of CS/PVA-NaOH, the conversion efficiency from oil to biodiesel was achieved at around 95.39-99.52 %.
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