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Shezad N, D'Agostini M, Ezzine A, Franchin G, Colombo P, Akhtar F. 3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19376. [PMID: 37810019 PMCID: PMC10558346 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in automobiles using urea solution as a source of NH3 suffers from solid deposit problems in pipelines and poor efficiency during engine startup. Although direct use of high pressure NH3 is restricted due to safety concerns, which can be overcome by using solid sorbents as NH3 carrier. Strontium chloride (SrCl2) is considered the best sorbent due to its high sorption capacity; however, challenges are associated with the processing of stable engineering structures due to extraordinary volume expansion during the NH3 sorption. This study reports the fabrication of a novel structure consisting of a zeolite cage enclosing the SrCl2 pellet (SPZC) through extrusion-based 3D printing (Direct Ink Writing). The printed SPZC structure demonstrated steady sorption of NH3 for 10 consecutive cycles without significant uptake capacity and structural integrity loss. Furthermore, the structure exhibited improved sorption and desorption kinetics than pure SrCl2. The synergistic effect of zeolite as physisorbent and SrCl2 as chemisorbent in the novel composite structure enabled the low-pressure (<0.4 bar) and high-pressure (>0.4 bar) NH3 sorption, compared to pure SrCl2, which absorbed NH3 at pressures above 0.4 bar. Regeneration of SPZC composite sorbent under evacuation showed that 87.5% percent of NH3 was desorbed at 20 °C. Thus, the results demonstrate that the rationally designed novel SPZC structure offers safe and efficient storage of NH3 in the SCR system and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Shezad
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Marco D'Agostini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Ali Ezzine
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giorgia Franchin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
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Miao S, Gao H, Xia H, Mao X, Zhang L, Shi M, Zhang Y. Accelerated Fenton degradation of azo dye wastewater via a novel Z-scheme CoFeN-g-C 3N 4 heterojunction photocatalyst with excellent charge transfer under visible light irradiation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17192-17202. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A schematic illustration of the photo-Fenton degradation of azo dyes by a Z-scheme CFN-CN1 heterojunction under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui, Provincial Education Department, College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Hongcheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui, Provincial Education Department, College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Hongyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui, Provincial Education Department, College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Xiaoxia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui, Provincial Education Department, College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui, Provincial Education Department, College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Mengqin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui, Provincial Education Department, College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Yuanguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River in Anhui of Anhui, Provincial Education Department, College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
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