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Lindner K, Beckenbauer K, van Ek LC, Titeca K, de Leeuw SM, Awwad K, Hanke F, Korepanova AV, Rybin V, van der Kam EL, Mohler EG, Tackenberg C, Lakics V, Gavin AC. Isoform- and cell-state-specific lipidation of ApoE in astrocytes. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110435. [PMID: 35235798 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E transports lipids and couples metabolism between astrocytes and neurons. The E4 variant (APOE4) affects these functions and represents a genetic predisposition for Alzheimer's disease, but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We show that ApoE produces different types of lipoproteins via distinct lipidation pathways. ApoE forms high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like, cholesterol-rich particles via the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), a mechanism largely unaffected by ApoE polymorphism. Alternatively, ectopic accumulation of fat in astrocytes, a stress-associated condition, redirects ApoE toward the assembly and secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, a process boosted by the APOE4 variant. We demonstrate in vitro that ApoE can detect triacylglycerol in membranes and spontaneously assemble lipoprotein particles (10-20 nm) rich in unsaturated triacylglycerol, and that APOE4 has remarkable properties behaving as a strong triacylglycerol binder. We propose that fatty APOE4 astrocytes have reduced ability to clear toxic fatty acids from the extracellular milieu, because APOE4 reroutes them back to secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lindner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Beckenbauer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Larissa C van Ek
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Titeca
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sherida M de Leeuw
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Khader Awwad
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Franziska Hanke
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Vladimir Rybin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eric G Mohler
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor Lakics
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Schaffer S, Lam VYM, Ernst IMA, Huebbe P, Rimbach G, Halliwell B. Variability in APOE genotype status in human-derived cell lines: a cause for concern in cell culture studies? GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 9:364. [PMID: 24297645 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although cell culture studies have provided landmark discoveries in the basic and applied life sciences, it is often under-appreciated that cells grown in culture are prone to generating artifacts. Here, we introduce the genotype status (exemplified by apolipoprotein E) of human-derived cells as a further important parameter that requires attention in cell culture experiments. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that variations from the main apolipoprotein E3/E3 genotype might alter the risk of developing chronic diseases, especially neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Whereas the apolipoprotein E allele distribution in human populations is well characterized, the apolipoprotein E genotype of human-derived cell lines is only rarely considered in interpreting cell culture data. However, we find that primary and immortalized human cell lines show substantial variation in their apolipoprotein E genotype status. We argue that the apolipoprotein E genotype status and corresponding gene expression level of human-derived cell lines should be considered to better avoid (or at least account for) inconsistencies in cell culture studies when different cell lines of the same tissue or organ are used and before extrapolating cell culture data to human physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schaffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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Sabaretnam T, Harris MJ, Kockx M, Witting PK, Le Couteur DG, Kritharides L. Effects of hydrogen peroxide and apolipoprotein E isoforms on apolipoprotein E trafficking in HepG2 cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:e96-102. [PMID: 19793104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. The major source of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the liver. In the present study, the effects of oxidative stress and apoE isoforms on apoE distribution and trafficking were established using the HepG2 liver tumour cell line. 2. Hydrogen peroxide (0, 25, 250 and 1000 micromol/L) was associated with rapid and concentration-dependent redistribution of apoE into the early endosomal compartment. This redistribution was achieved with a much lower concentration (25 micromol/L) than that needed to induce changes in intracellular apoE mRNA expression, apoE protein levels and markers of oxidative stress (250-1000 micromol/L). 3. Live cell imaging of apoE3-green fluorescent protein revealed a significant decrease in traffic velocity in response to oxidative stress. 4. The E4 isoform was associated with reduced trafficking velocity compared with the E3 isoform under basal conditions. 5. The results indicate that oxidative stress and apoE isoforms influence apoE trafficking and distribution within HepG2 cells. Altered apoE hepatocyte trafficking may provide a mechanistic link between oxidative stress, ageing and some diseases in older people.
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